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ASTRONOMY REVIEW THE EARTH IN SPACE: Celestial Sphere- an imaginary sphere on which objects of the night sky appear Motions of the Stars and Planets Stars appear to rise in the _____________ and set in the ___________ Circumpolar planets appear to revolve around Polaris __________________ The apparent motion of the stars is caused by ________________________ Planets appear to move in between the stars Models of the Night Sky Geocentric- has the________________ at the center Heliocentric has the _________________ at the center Proof was in the __________________ Pendulum which also proved that the Earth ___________________________ Seasons Know the seasons diagram (review book Figure 9-9) Know the path of the sun diagram (review book Figure 9-8) Shadow is longest when the sun is _______________ in the sky BEYOND PLANET EARTH: Phases of the moon Review book figure 10-1 Caused by the __________________ of the moon around the Earth At any given time we can only see a maximum of half of the moon Eclipses Solar Occurs during a _____________ moon phase Only occurs when the Earth, moon and sun are on the same plane Lunar Occurs during a _____________ moon phase Only occurs when the Earth, moon and sun are on the same plane Angular Diameter The nearer an object is to an observer, the ______________ the angular diameter During the season of ________________ the angular diameter of the sun is the greatest. The angular diameter is the smallest during the _______________ (due to the fact at during the summer the Earth is ____________ to the sun then it is in the winter) Tides Spring Tide Occur during __________________ moon phase Neap Tides Occur during _________________ moon phase Caused by the _________________________ of the moon and the sun Orbits Planets orbit the sun in an ________________. The sun serves as on of the two _________________ points Eccentricity- the elongation of an ellipse Formula is on the Reference Tables * * Planets have a greater gravitational attraction to the sun when they are __________________ to the sun Planets move faster in their orbits when they are ________________ to the sun Solar System Reference Tables "Solar System Data" Asteroids Found between Mars and Jupiter Large objects Meteors Heated by friction as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere, creates a __________________________ Comets Follow an _______________ path around the sun Produces a tail Stars Reference Tables "Luminosity and Temperature of Stars" Life history of a star Main sequence to Red Giant to White Dwarf Energy produced from stars comes from nuclear _______________ (two hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium, and release large amounts of energy) Evolution of the Universe Big Bang- the explosive origin of the universe Evidence Cosmic background radiation Red Shift- light that reaches the Earth from distant galaxies show spectral lines that are shifted toward the red end of the spectrum Proves that the universe is still __________________