Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment wikipedia , lookup
Anoxic event wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Oceanic trench wikipedia , lookup
Tectonic–climatic interaction wikipedia , lookup
Abyssal plain wikipedia , lookup
Mantle plume wikipedia , lookup
Name:_____________________________________ Date:___________________ Period #:______ Chapter # 4 Review 1. Use the word bank to provide the proper labels to the areas indicated on the diagram below. o o o o o o o Word Bank Continental Lithosphere Rising Magma Subducted Oceanic Plate Deep-Ocean Trench Mid-Ocean Ridge Lower Mantle Folded Mountains and Volcanoes ____________ ____________ ____________ _____________ _____________ ______________ _______________ 2. Data table Analysis Location Hawaiian Islands Aleutian Islands Italy Volcanic Eruptions 2007-2009 2007 2008 6 8 2 1 2 3 2009 3 1 1 o Which location will most likely experience the most volcanic eruptions in 2010? Explain your answer. 3. Mid-Ocean Ridge Formation and the Age of Oceanic Lithosphere o How does new oceanic crust form? o What is the relationship between the age of oceanic crust, and its distance from an Oceanic Ridge Spreading Center (Mid-Ocean Ridge)? 4. The formation of the Himalaya Mountains. Himalaya Mountains Indian Plate Eurasian Plate o Explain how the Himalaya Mountains formed. o Why can you find marine fossils at the top of the Himalaya Mountains? o What two processes act to wear down the Himalaya Mountains as they grow taller? 5. The Earth’s Structure o Use the word bank to label the different layers of the Earth. Word Bank o Outer Core o Crust o Inner Core o Mantle ______ ______ ______ ______ o Fill in the blanks as you read through the paragraph below. The _______________ is the rigid, outer layer of the Earth. It is composed mainly of granitic rocks, rich in aluminum (Al) and silica (Si). The mantle lies directly below the crust. It is described as partially molten and is composed mainly of iron (Fe), ________________, and silicon. Below the mantle is the _________ ____________. This layer is a _______________, unlike the solid inner core. The inner core is an extremely hot,______________ ball of solid ______________. As the depth beneath the earth’s surface increases, the temperature and pressure ______________. 6. Continental Drift o Fill in the blanks as you read through the paragraph below. _______________ Wegener was a German meteorologist who proposed the theory of Continental Drift. He hypothesized that all of the Earth’s continents were once joined as a super-continent that he called _______________. Wegener’s evidence was not disputed. He cited fossil evidence which included a fern-like plant called ______________ and freshwater reptiles called Mesosaurus and _______________. Wegener also cited evidence of climate change such as _______________ striations on Africa, and fossils of tropical plants in _______________. There was also evidence cited in the form of landforms such as similar _______________ ranges in South Africa and _______________. There were also similar _______________ fields in _______________and North America. The reason Wegener’s theory was tossed out, was because he was unable to explain how the continents________________. 7. The 3 Types of Heat Energy Transfer o Label the heat transfer diagram (radiation, conduction, or convection) based on the information provided below the diagram. Heat energy can be transferred from one place to another in different ways. The 3 ways heat energy can move are conduction, convection, and radiation. In conduction, heat energy is transferred within an object or between objects that are touching. In convection, flowing fluids (flowing matter) transport heat energy from one place to another. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not require matter. In radiation, waves transfer the heat energy. Radiation can transfer heat energy through matter or through empty space. _____________ _____ _____________ _____ _____________ _____ 8. Landslides Landslides are caused when the stability of a slope changes from a stable to an unstable condition. When this occurs, rock falls or loose soils can tumble down slope. A change in the stability of a slope can be caused by; an absence of vegetation, erosion of the toe of a slope by running water, or weakening of the slope by water saturation from snowmelt or heavy rains. The shaking of the ground by earthquakes or volcanic activity can often trigger landslides. o What could be done to this area to prevent future landslides? Type of Plate Boundary Divergent Convergent 9. Types of Plate Boundaries Figure Showing the Nature of the Description of Plate Plate Movements Interaction At areas of sea floor spreading, mid-ocean ridges form where magma rising up creating new ocean crust that moves apart in opposite directions. An Oceanic Plate Collides with a Oceanic plates are Continental Plate Resulting in a denser than plates that Subduction Zone contain continents. When these plates collide, the denser oceanic plate is subducted into the mantle. As the plate descends, it melts and the magma rises to form a volcano on the land. ______________________________ __________________ Two Oceanic Plates Collide Resulting in a Subduction Zone When two oceanic plates collide, the older, denser plate is subducted. As the denser oceanic plate subducts into the mantle, it melts and the magma rises to form volcanic islands. _______________________________ Two Continental Plates Collide Transform Boundary ___________________ When plates carrying continents collide, the crust is folded and uplifted to form very tall mountains such as the Himalayas. Continental crust is too light to be subducted, so it continues to compress and move upward. The plates grind along side one another at a fault line. As stress builds along the fault line, energy is released creating earthquakes. Landforms Created Mid-Ocean Ridges *Deep Ocean Trenches *Folded Mountains *Land Volcanoes ____________ *Deep Ocean Trenches *Volcanic Islands ____________ *Extremely Tall Folded Mountains *Low-Grade Folded Mountains and Fault Lines.