Download Name

Name:_____________________________________ Date:___________________ Period #:______
Chapter # 4 Review
1. Use the word bank to provide the proper labels to the areas indicated on the diagram below.
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Word Bank
Continental Lithosphere
Rising Magma
Subducted Oceanic Plate
Deep-Ocean Trench
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Lower Mantle
Folded Mountains and Volcanoes
____________
____________
____________
_____________
_____________
______________
_______________
2. Data table Analysis
Location
Hawaiian Islands
Aleutian Islands
Italy
Volcanic Eruptions 2007-2009
2007
2008
6
8
2
1
2
3
2009
3
1
1
o Which location will most likely experience the most volcanic eruptions in 2010? Explain your
answer.
3. Mid-Ocean Ridge Formation and the Age of Oceanic Lithosphere
o How does new oceanic crust form?
o What is the relationship between the age of oceanic crust, and its distance from an Oceanic Ridge
Spreading Center (Mid-Ocean Ridge)?
4. The formation of the Himalaya Mountains.
Himalaya Mountains
Indian
Plate
Eurasian
Plate
o Explain how the Himalaya Mountains formed.
o Why can you find marine fossils at the top of the Himalaya Mountains?
o What two processes act to wear down the Himalaya Mountains as they grow taller?
5. The Earth’s Structure
o Use the word bank to label the different layers of the Earth.
Word Bank
o Outer Core
o Crust
o Inner Core
o Mantle
______
______
______
______
o Fill in the blanks as you read through the paragraph below.
The _______________ is the rigid, outer layer of the Earth. It is composed mainly of granitic rocks, rich in
aluminum (Al) and silica (Si). The mantle lies directly below the crust. It is described as partially molten and is
composed mainly of iron (Fe), ________________, and silicon. Below the mantle is the _________ ____________.
This layer is a _______________, unlike the solid inner core. The inner core is an extremely hot,______________
ball of solid ______________. As the depth beneath the earth’s surface increases, the temperature and pressure
______________.
6. Continental Drift
o
Fill in the blanks as you read through the paragraph below.
_______________ Wegener was a German meteorologist who proposed the theory of Continental Drift. He
hypothesized that all of the Earth’s continents were once joined as a super-continent that he called _______________.
Wegener’s evidence was not disputed. He cited fossil evidence which included a fern-like plant called
______________ and freshwater reptiles called Mesosaurus and _______________. Wegener also cited evidence of
climate change such as _______________ striations on Africa, and fossils of tropical plants in _______________.
There was also evidence cited in the form of landforms such as similar _______________ ranges in South Africa and
_______________. There were also similar _______________ fields in _______________and North America. The
reason Wegener’s theory was tossed out, was because he was unable to explain how the continents________________.
7. The 3 Types of Heat Energy Transfer
o Label the heat transfer diagram (radiation, conduction, or convection) based on the
information provided below the diagram.
Heat energy can be transferred from one place to another in different ways. The 3 ways
heat energy can move are conduction, convection, and radiation. In conduction, heat
energy is transferred within an object or between objects that are touching. In convection,
flowing fluids (flowing matter) transport heat energy from one place to another. Unlike
conduction and convection, radiation does not require matter. In radiation, waves transfer
the heat energy. Radiation can transfer heat energy through matter or through empty
space.
_____________
_____
_____________
_____
_____________
_____
8. Landslides
Landslides are caused when the stability of a slope changes from a stable to an unstable
condition. When this occurs, rock falls or loose soils can tumble down slope. A change in
the stability of a slope can be caused by; an absence of vegetation, erosion of the toe of a
slope by running water, or weakening of the slope by water saturation from snowmelt or
heavy rains. The shaking of the ground by earthquakes or volcanic activity can often trigger
landslides.
o What could be done to this area to prevent future landslides?
Type of Plate
Boundary
Divergent
Convergent
9. Types of Plate Boundaries
Figure Showing the Nature of the
Description of Plate
Plate Movements
Interaction
At areas of sea floor
spreading, mid-ocean
ridges form where
magma rising up
creating new ocean crust
that moves apart in
opposite directions.
An Oceanic Plate Collides with a
Oceanic plates are
Continental Plate Resulting in a
denser than plates that
Subduction Zone
contain continents.
When these plates
collide, the denser
oceanic plate is
subducted into the
mantle. As the plate
descends, it melts and
the magma rises to form
a volcano on the land.
______________________________
__________________
Two Oceanic Plates Collide Resulting in a
Subduction Zone
When two oceanic plates
collide, the older, denser
plate is subducted. As
the denser oceanic plate
subducts into the
mantle, it melts and the
magma rises to form
volcanic islands.
_______________________________
Two Continental Plates Collide
Transform
Boundary
___________________
When plates carrying
continents collide, the
crust is folded and
uplifted to form very tall
mountains such as the
Himalayas. Continental
crust is too light to be
subducted, so it
continues to compress
and move upward.
The plates grind along
side one another at a
fault line. As stress
builds along the fault
line, energy is released
creating earthquakes.
Landforms
Created
Mid-Ocean
Ridges
*Deep Ocean
Trenches
*Folded
Mountains
*Land
Volcanoes
____________
*Deep Ocean
Trenches
*Volcanic
Islands
____________
*Extremely
Tall Folded
Mountains
*Low-Grade
Folded
Mountains
and Fault
Lines.