Download History of 500

I.
II.
History of 500-1000 AD
Changes in History - 400-1000 AD
a. World powers (Rome) dissolved
i. Can't hold a kingdom that big - lack of army
ii. Spread out kingdom - easy target for angry outsiders (Barbarians)
b. Beginning of small countries, kingdoms, territories
c. Some kingdoms and countries are landlocked
i. Can't expand
ii. Begin to explore
d. Religious powers taking over
i. Roman Catholic Church (400 AD)
ii. Muslims (600 AD)
The Byzantium Empire
a. Justinian I (525-565 AD) – Justinian the Great
i. He wanted to restore the old empire by military campaigns
1. General Belisarius waged war against Ostrogoths, Vandals, and Visogoths
a. Regained North Africa, Italy, Spain
ii. Many architectural achievements
1. Cathedral of Hagia Sophia ("Holy Wisdom") built in Constantinople
iii. Had a general who fought against the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Visogoths – they
won back North Africa, Italy and Spain
iv. Justinian Code – was a mixture of Roman law and Biblical principles - Justice
System
b. Difficulties in the empire (565 – 867 AD)
i. Threats coming from all sides
1. Lombards and Normans who invade Italy
2. Avars, Bulgars, Russian Slavs invade from the north
a. Heraclius (610-641 AD) – defeated the Avars and the Persians
b. Divided the empire into themes to provide better defense
3. Persians coming from the East
4. Islam forces come from the East and South
a. Islam expansion – 632-750 AD
b. They took over northern Africa and the Middle East
c. Staged 2 attacks on Constantinople but were defeated by the “Greek
Fire” (similar to a flame thrower)
c. Emperor Leo III (717-741 AD)
i. Left Constantinople to save it from the Arabs
ii. Iconoclastic Controversy (726-863 AD)
1. “Image Destroyers”
a. icon – an abstract, simplified image or picture of Christ, Mary, or a
saint
b. by the 8th century people were worshipping these – similar to pagan
idols
2. iconoclastic emperors wanted these images removed from the church –
Bible said not to worship graven images
3. 2nd Council of Nicaea (787 AD)
a. they said the images were okay
b. this was the fall of the medieval church into anti-Scriptural
practices and beliefs
d. The Macedonian Era (867 – 1057 AD)
i. Emperor Basil I (867-886 AD)
1. restored some power back into the empire
III.
2. drove back the Muslims as far as Syria
3. added Crete and Cyprus to Italy
ii. Basil II (976 – 1025 AD)
1. conquered the Bulgars and acquired their land
2. Almost as powerful as under Justinian
3. commercial activity and economic prosperity
Barbarians Change the Face of Europe and Asia
a. Celts, Scots, Picts, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Britons (363-800 AD)
i. Anglo/Saxons
1. Jutes, Angles and Saxons invade England
2. Migrated to the south of the island and they called it Angleland (England)
3. Saxons were known as poets
a. Devised poems about war heroes
b. greatest poem – Beowulf - talks about the warlike, barbaric manners
of the Anglo-Saxons
4. Augustine – a missionary appointed by Pope Gregory in 596 AD –
converted England (Anglo-Saxons) to Roman Catholicism
a. Became the first archbishop of Canterbury most influential church
office in England
5. Britons over run by Angles/Saxons that came from Gaul
a. Rome withdrew from the Island and left Britons undefended from
Picts, Scots, Celts
b. Britons ask Angles/Saxons to help them fight
6. Anglo-Saxons take over the land
a. Britain becomes stable under Alfred the Great and remains stable
until the Vikings come
b. England accepted Romanism around 664
i. Only had part of the Bible
ii. Many writers influenced the Scriptures
c. Alfred the Great ruled in England (871-899 AD)
i. first king of England
ii. known for his love of wisdom and his hunting skills
iii. led the people in battle against the Danes (Vikings)
iv. Made England a nation-state
v. developed an army and a navy
vi. made the English code of law
vii. the laws were prefaced with the 10 Commandments
viii.
promoted learning from books (4 gospels)
ix. Occupied London on the Thames River
d. when Alfred died the kingdom was turned over to the Danes
i. the Vikings conquered them
ii. Canute the Dane was made king (994-1035 AD)
e. Fighting for control over United Kingdom and Ireland
ii. Celts settle Ireland
iii. Picts and Scots settle Scotland
iv. Some Scotts pushed to west and settle Wales
b. Goths under Alaric (403-410)
i. Being pushed out of their lands by the Huns
ii. Look to Rome for help
iii. Promised help but don't get it
iv. Alaric begins attack and comes after Rome itself
v. Can't hold Rome so they leave
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
vi. Settle in the area of Modern day Spain
Vandals (422 - 450 AD)
i. Come into Roman Empire looking for booty
ii. They enter into a conflict between 2 Roman emperors who are vying for the
kingdom
iii. They are invited into Africa to help one man fight for the empire
1. Once there told that they were not needed
2. They unleashed their fury against Rome
3. Went after Carthage - took it and a Roman fleet
4. Set out into the Mediterranean and begin attacking the Roman held islands
like Sicily
iv. Settled in northern Africa
Gauls (436 AD)
i. Attacking northern borders of Western Roman Empire
ii. Always a constant force that was ready to attack
iii. Make up what is modern day Germany, Switzerland
Huns (452 AD)
i. Had been pushing westward
ii. Begin with harassing Eastern Roman Empire
iii. Led by Attila
iv. When invited to take over the Western Roman Empire - turned attention over there
v. Pope Leo was sent to turn Attila away
vi. Attila leaves - and dies that winter
vii. Pope Leo celebrated as the one who took down the "Scourge of God"
viii.
Huns settle in modern day Hungary
Burgundy
Franks Under Clovis (481-511) - (France)
i. Come out of the Roman empire
ii. Clovis
1. As Roman Empire Collapses – Franks take control in France, Holland,
Germany, Belgium
2. Clovis became powerful military and political leader
a. by 498 professed to be a Christian
b. made a promise to God – if he got a victory – he would be baptized
c. when he won – baptized into Roman church on Christmas day
d. military battles became “holy wars”
e. defeated people could only stay in their land if they accepted
Romanism
f. Roman Church conquered and the influence spread
3. His descendants became known as the Merovingian kings
4. Soon known as the do-nothing kings
iii. Pepin the Short became ruler in 741 – his kingship started the Carolingian line of
Frankish kings
1. he gave land he conquered in Italy to the popes to rule over
iv. Charlemagne - ruled from 768-814
1. Son of Pepin the Short
2. took on the title of Charlemagne (French for Charles the Great)
3. over 7 feet tall, large man - very good looking
4. long reign – great success in battles
5. claimed to be a Christian
6. promoted education
a. Not well educated
b. Spoke both Latin and Greek
7. Frankish ruling family later called the Carolingian dynasty
8. He was a great military leader - copied by some of the greatest military
leaders like Napoleon
a. Great organizer
b. Didn't ask his men to do anything he wouldn't do - led by example
c. he led his armies out of France and into Netherlands, Germany and
Italy
9. He was a “Christian” – when conquering non-believing such as Saxons
(Germany) and Avars (Hungary) he forced them to become “Christian” and
to be baptized
10. Christmas day in 800 the pope crowned him Holy Roman emperor
a. Now the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire
11. Had 4 sons
a. Louis the Pious - took over as king
b. Other sons
i. Lothar
ii. Louis the German
iii. Charles the Bald
c. Treaty of Verdun (843) splits of the land between these 3 sons
v. France becomes a kingdom in 843 AD - set the formation of modern France &
Germany
vi. Charles Martel (the Hammer)
1. Last of the good rulers
2. Bad rulers nicknamed
a. “the Simple”
b. “the Fat”
c. “the Stammerer”
d. “the Lazy”
vii. In 962 Otto invaded Italy at request of the pope
1. Was crowned Emperor of the Romans by the Pope
2. Gave birth to Holy Roman Empire
viii.
serious problems between the monarchs and the popes
ix. church and state were frequently at odds and tried to dominate the other
h. Lombards
i. Muslims/Moors (600-800)
i. Another power force sweeping from the Middle East (Saudi Arabia) through
Africa
ii. Black Muslims called the Moors
iii. Domination is going to sweep across Africa and into Spain
iv. Going to hold this territory until today
j. Vikings and Magyars (800's)
i. Vikings (Norsemen 700-1100 AD)
1. Homelands were in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Finland
a. Blond-haired, blue-eyed German Barbarians
b. Violent, pagan people
c. Skilled seaman
2. Traveled across Europe into the Mediterranean and North America in their
Viking ships
3. Coming out of the northlands and swooping in by sea
4. Will ravage all of Europe and into Asia
5. Founded Dublin (Ireland) in 841 AD
IV.
6. Vikings ruled Russia (Novgorod) in 860 AD
7. Erik the Red reached Greenland in 982
8. 1000 AD Leif Eriksson lands in N.A. but never established a settlement
there
9. 1100 the last Vikings gave up their old gods and converted to Christianity
10. Will intermix with all the peoples across the continents
11. Their civilization will be merge and become part of most of European
culture
ii. Magyars (800-900)
1. Came across the Caucasus and Ural Mountians - possibly being driven out
of their home lands by the Mongols
2. Lived in Turkish lands for awhile and picked up some of their ways
3. 7 hordes of Magyars
4. Lived on horseback much like the Huns
5. Weapon of choice was the bow and arrow
6. Traded with the Crimean people
7. Attacked many cities and towns on the frontiers of Roman civilization
8. Inflicted much damage on Europe
9. Settled in the area of Hungary
k. Mongols (1100)
i. Were pushing the boundaries and beginning to spread wings
ii. Came out of steppes of Asia
iii. Pushed against the Chinese empire
iv. Were going to expand into an empire even bigger than the Roman Empire under
Julius Caesar
v. Came out of modern day Mongolia and swept through Asia and Europe
vi. Descendants of the Navajo people
vii. Ghengis Khan and Kubla Khan were going to be the two driving forces of these
people
l. Ottoman Turks
i. Would combine forces with the Muslim/Moors
ii. Would become the Ottoman.Turkish Empire
iii. Settled in Turkey and other parts of the Middle East
Middle East Power
a. Muslim dominated (700 through today)
b. Muhammad (570-632 AD)
i. Islam was born through him
ii. Was an Arab mystic from the city of Mecca
iii. Tried to lead his people with a combined Judaism/Christianity (distorted) into a
legalistic religion that looked to him as the ultimate authority
iv. Followers of Islam are known as Muslims
1. either going to a burning inferno or a sensual paradise
2. salvation comes from man’s efforts to keep the rules of the Koran (holy
book of Islam)
3. recite prayers 5 times a day
4. recite the creed (There is no god but Allah and Mohammad is his prophet)
– at least 125,000 during your lifetime
5. almsgiving (giving to the poor)
6. fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
7. make a pilgrimage to Mecca
v. under persecution at Mecca, Mohammad, his family, and his followers fled to
Medina in 622 AD (hegira – “flight”)
V.
vi. followers grew and began conquering lands (600-700 AD)
vii. overran Middle East and North Africa through a series of jihads (“holy war”)
c. Middle east domination
i. Ruled Middle and Africa
ii. Capitals for in
1. Damascus (Syria)
2. Baghdad (Iraq)
3. Cairo (Egypt)
iii. Fierce tribesmen from Asia, Mongols, Turks brought the Arab empire to an end
Asia
a. China
i. Hieu-Ti Dynasty (220-633 AD)
ii. T’ang Dynasty (616 – 960 AD)
1. 1st emperor was the greatest
a. allowed Buddhists and historian Christian missionaries into the
country
b. extended China – largest nation at that time
2. conquered Turkestan and Korea
3. invent the moveable printing press
iii. Sung Dynasty (961-1127 AD)
1. Wang An Shih – leader – socialist reformer
2. invented the magnetic compass and gun powder
3. great achievements in printing, painting, and porcelain
b. Russia
i. Vast open land – full of displaced people
ii. Scynthians – they settled in cities from 100 BC- 700 AD
iii. Tribal groups formed the Slavs and Avars
1. these people became the Czechs, Poles, and Hungarians
iv. the beginning of Khazars (700 AD)
1. they dealt with the Jewish people
v. Varangians (Russians who lived in Sweden)
1. descendants of the Vikings
2. Rurik – founder of the ruling house in Russia – king of Novgorod
a. Rurik died and his son was too young to rule
b. Oleg (his guardian) ruled for him
c. Captured several cities and made Kiev the capital
d. Conquered the Khazars
e. They attacked Constantinople because they refused to trade with
them
i. Oleg couldn’t get his boats through the water to
Constantinople he took them on land
1. They put on wheels, put up sails and sailed in to
attack
2. Constantinople gave up – the war ended
vi. Vladimir was the next king
1. his mother traveled to Constantinople and became a “Christian”
2. in 998 AD Vladimir became a “Christian” and made his kingdom
“Christian”
3. began to follow the Greek Orthodox Church instead of the Catholic Church
4. had first stone cathedral built in Russia
c. Khmer (Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam) 800-1400 AD
i. Jayavarman – first king (657-681 AD)
VI.
ii. Dominated southeast Asia
iii. Highly skilled builders and engineers
iv. The kings were worshipped as gods
v. We know about them because of Chinese
vi. Became wealthy on growing rice
vii. Warred on the back of elephants
viii.
Built their houses on stilts along the riverbanks
ix. Finally captured by the Thai army in 1431
d. India
i. Gupta Dynasty 320-535 AD
1. Golden Age of India
ii. United through a religion – Hindu
1. rule book that was to be followed
2. your after-life (reincarnation) depended on how well you keep the rules
iii. Caste system – put people into a certain place
1. you were bound to the caste – you could never get out
2. rich people lived in luxury
3. poor people starved, died of diseases, lived in one-room huts
iv. most people are farmers and had cattle
v. as Buddhism comes – more rules are added to the Hindu - crime to kill cattle
vi. girls were burdens on the family
1. needed a dowry (money) in order to get married
2. girls were married off by the time they are 8
vii. boys went to school for 12 years and then married
viii.
entertainment
1. loved to gamble – with dice
2. developed – chess
a. Required 4 players and dice
b. Became popular in Persia - changed it to 2 players
c. Muslims took over the game
d. Christian knights brought the game back to Europe
3. musicians, acrobats, jugglers, magicians, snake-charmers
4. no sporting events – it was too hot
e. Japan – Yamato Clan (400-600 AD)
i. Descendants of the samurai
1. meaning – “those who serve”
2. came from Emishi warriors
3. they were willing to give their life to serve the king
4. this mindset came through the ages into the 1900’s
a. kamikaze mindset – thought it was an honor to die while killing and
opponent
b. fly their plane into another plane and blow them both up
ii. Shinto religion – held by the Japanese
1. formalized the Shinto religion into Buddhism
Africa
a. Northern Africa
i. 500-600 under Byzantium
ii. 600 AD the Muslims swept through and kept control - Moors
b. Other Kingdoms
i. Kush (Cush)
1. started around 2000 BC
2. in Bible times this was the land of Nubia (Ethiopia, Sheba)
VII.
VIII.
3. Today – Sudan
4. One of the first Christian communities in Africa
a. Philip
b. Ethiopian Eunuch
5. there has been a constant struggle here between the Muslims and the
Christians
ii. Ghana (Mali)
1. they were rich in gold
2. this became a big trade city
iii. Nok
1. Huge terracotta heads and bronze masks
2. huge trade center
iv. Songhai
1. southern Africa
2. Zimbabwe – today
3. huge ancient city
4. was a big trade center
v. Egypt
North America
a. Anasazi culture develops (700 – 1300 AD)
i. Apartment dwellings in cliff walls
ii. Pit houses
iii. Grew corn and other crops
iv. They were good architects
v. Basket weavers
vi. Descendants of modern day pueblo dwellers (Hopi, Zuni, Laguna)
vii. Examples of the culture
1. Chaco Canyon - NM
2. Mesa Verde - CO
3. Canyon DeChelley
viii.
Why did they leave?
1. they left as a group
2. no one knows - could have been lack of water
b. Other tribes
i. Mississippian Culture
ii. Ohian Culture (Adena)
iii. Hopewell peoples
iv. Plains Indians
1. Moved with the food source
2. Lived in teepees
v. Pueblo Indians
1. Stayed in once place
2. Farmers
Central/South America
a. Teotihuacan reaches its peak (100-750 AD)
i. Reaches its peak at 500 AD
ii. More than 100,000 people
iii. Built over 600 pyramids
iv. 2000 apartment buildings
v. Central America
b. Olmecs (1200 BC - 900AD)
i. their civilization fades and the Toltecs take over around 900 AD
IX.
ii. This is modern day Mexico
c. Ancient Mayan civilization 300 BC - 1000 AD
d. Paracas 300 BC - 1000 AD
i. southern Peru
ii. come to an end around 1000AD
Church
a. The making of the Medieval Church
i. first century church
1. simple meetings, read Scripture, sang hymns, etc.
ii. church was persecuted for 300 years but didn’t change much - nothing like the
elaborate pagan Roman rituals
iii. was extended legal protection under Constantine in 313 AD
1.
Sunday is established as a day of rest
iv. Persecution ended and people came to church for political and social reasons
1.
Slaves treated more kindly and eventually slavery was abolished
2.
Gladiators came to an end
3.
Unwanted infants stopped being abandoned and left to die
4.
Family ties became stronger
5.
Many hospitals and orphanages were set up by the “church”
v. Theodosius made Christianity the only legal faith in 395 AD
1.
“Christianity” now the only allowable religion (Roman Catholic
Church)
vi. Churches filled with “Christians” who were still pagan at heart
vii. Simple services were boring – brought elements of pagan rituals – idol worship
viii.
Church began to accept false doctrines
ix. Satan couldn’t destroy the church through persecution, he began through
infiltration
x. Positive influence on church
1.
True believers became stronger and began standing up for what is
right
2.
Even though there are errors in the church – small group of true
believers still remain
b. The Rise of Rome and the Papacy
i. The Church of Rome
1. first church was established in Jerusalem
2. Each church was independent and self-governing
a. one didn’t tell the other what to do
b. they did look for advice
3. Church in Jerusalem ended in 70 AD
4. the Bible teaches the church is the body of believers
a. “catholic” – means universal or one
b. used to describe the invisible church
c. the invisible church was replaced with the visible catholic church
(including all “believers”)
d. may have been good intentions (unity) but would begin to dominate
Christianity and distort faith
5. This new universal church needed organization and leadership
6. Soon became known as the church of Rome
a. other churches look to it for guidance and leadership (because of its
location)
7. Paul thought a lot of the church in Rome but never suggested it was
supreme
8. Irenaeus declared that every church needed to agree with the Church of
Rome – 175 AD
9. Roman church says that Peter and Paul founded this church
a. Paul hadn’t gotten to Rome yet when he wrote the letter to the
church
b. nowhere in Scripture did it ever mention Peter being in Rome
10. Rome became the capital of the “Catholic” church
ii. The Bishop of Rome
1. one of the biggest errors of the church - departing from NT organization –
deacons/elders (overseers or bishops)
a. instead have having many leaders – there was one
b. bishops no longer overseers but powerful church officials who
dominated the congregation
c. bishops of larger churches had authority over smaller churches
d. Justification
i. Christ appointed apostles to succeed Him
ii. those apostles appointed bishops
iii. they appointed more
iv. all authority (of Christ and apostles) passed along to them
2. NT directs leadership and discipline within church but not that one be more
powerful above all others
3. NT clearly states that Christ is to be head of Church and the Word of God
to be the churches authority – not a man
4. The Petrine Theory (Mt 16:18-19) of the Catholic Church
a. Christ found His church upon Peter
b. Christ made Peter the visible head of the church
c. Peter transmitted his power to the bishops in Rome
i. Problems
1. Bible never shows Peter as head of the Church
2. No evidence that Peter was in Rome
3. Wording used in passage – Strong’s
a. You are Peter (a piece of a rock) #4074 petros
b. Upon this rock (mass of rock) #4073 - petra
d. this gave rise to the Roman Catholic Church
i. that it was supreme over all churches
ii. bishop of Rome supreme over all bishops
iii. bishop of Rome became pope (Latin –“papa” or “father”)
iv. Pope should be revered for his position (strictly forbidden in
Scripture (Matt 23:8-12)
iii. Important Popes and their power
1. Pope Leo I named as supreme over the Roman Church (440-461)
a. persuaded Attila the Hun in 452 and the Vandals in 455 not to
attack Rome
2. Pope Gelasius I (492-496) – doctrine of 2 swords
a. separated civil and church authority and made pope and bishops
supreme over all human rulers in matters relating to God
3. When Rome fell, the Popes were the power in Rome
4. Gregory I (590-604)
a. extended power of Roman church by missionary work to the
barbarians
5. church had inherited the authority of the old Roman Empire
6.
7.
8.
9.
Roman Church became a bureaucracy
territories were divided into dioceses and parishes
leaders arranged by importance
Pope claimed the title “Pontifex maximus” a title once used by the
emperors of Rome
10. throughout middle ages the power of the papacy increased
11. Pope Boniface VIII proclamation in 1299
a. for every creature to be subject to the Roman pope is altogether
necessary for salvation
iv. Doctrines of Romanism
1. The Sacraments
a. taught that salvation was dependent on sacraments
b. these in the hands of a properly ordained priest became the
“Infallible conveyer of grace”
c. humanistic plan of salvation based on man’s works rather than
through faith in Jesus Christ (Eph 2:8,9)
d. by 12th century – Church of Rome had 7 sacraments (baptism,
Eucharist, etc.)
e. transformed grace from unmerited favor from God into earned favor
by participation in sacraments
f. since it was all dependent on the priest – he held the keys to heaven
g. those who disobeyed could be excommunicated (cut off) from the
church and therefore be condemned to hell
2. Other teachings and practices
a. submission to priest and church necessary for salvation
b. baptism began as infants – since necessary for salvation
c. attending mass to receive Eucharist
i. bread and wine became the body and blood of Christ in the
hands of the priest (transubstantiation)
d. confession to priest and sought forgiveness through acts of penance
e. purchasing worshiped relics (pieces of the cross, teeth of dead
saints)
f. Christ – stern, merciless Judge not compassionate loving Savior
g. Sought to placate Son’s wrath by praying to his mother and seeking
her to talk to Him on their behalf
h. also pray to other saints
i. they believe that Christ, Mary and the saints are a source of excess
merits
i. they were so good they had extra merits left over (after they
went to heaven)
ii. for a suitable fee, you can buy some of their merits to put to
your account
iii. led to the sale of indulgences – certificates from the pope
that excused a person from doing penance or shortened time
in purgatory – fire where souls stay until purged of sin and
fit for heaven
3. Romanism and the Bible
a. God’s Word never talks about penance, purgatory, etc
i. the Bible wasn’t being used during this time
ii. very few people actually knew what it said
iii. Roman church elevated writings of the church leaders and
popes as same authority as Bible
b.
c.
d.
e.
iv. Bible lost place of importance
v. the Vulgate (by Jerome) only Bible they had – Latin
1. very few people could read Latin
2. totally dependent on priest to tell them what it said
two important men – opposed the official church
i. Peter Waldo (French) 1150-1220
1. translated the Vulgate into French
ii. John Wycliffe (English) 1320-1384
1. translated Vulgate into English
2. had to be hand written
The Council of Toulouse in 1229
i. forbid anyone except the clergy to possess a copy of the
Bible
ii. church had to keep people from knowing what was in the
Bible since they had come so far from its teachings
Even thought the Roman church distorted the Word of God, there
were still those who preached the gospel and stood for truth.
the light of the gospel still shone through the middle ages, but it
would bring about awful persecution – this time from the church
v. Monasticism
1. Definition
a. Christ told His followers to separate from worldliness but not from
the world
b. Christ intended for us to be salt and light to the world
c. in late 3rd and early 4th centuries – monasticism (withdrawing from
society to live in solitude)
d. this was taught as the ideal Christian life
e. men were called monks (Greek monos – “one”, only, alone)
f. women were called nuns
g. highest calling, giving up all possession (to the church of course)
for all those who seriously wanted to earn salvation
h. vow of poverty and celibacy (abstinence from marriage)
2. Hermits
a. sought to please God by torturing themselves and praying hours on
end
b. fasted, shunned sleep, repeated prayers like machines
c. some would burn off their hands to keep from sinning
d. Simeon Stylites (390-459) perched alone for 37 years atop a stone
pillar over 50 feet high
3. Monasteries
a. it was decided they could best live monastic ideal in cooperation
with other monks in a place called a monastery – religious
communities isolated from the rest of society
b. Most followed the orders of Benedict (480-543) and Italian monk
i. life-long poverty, chastity, and obedience to the abbot –
head of monastery
ii. covered every aspect of daily activities – never ending circle
of work, prayer and worship
c. Monks filled monasteries and became keepers of the Scriptures
4. Other orders
a. monks often failed to live up to vows
b. rules not usually enforced
c. because of their work and giving their riches to enter the
monasteries became wealthy (not good for someone who took vow
of poverty)
d. many efforts to reform monasteries
e. 13th century – new type of monks
i. friars – lived like monks – but went outside to preach gospel
and do missionary work
ii. two orders of monks
1. Franciscans (found by St Francis of Assisi)11811226
2. Dominicans (found by St Dominic) 1170-1221
3. they would combat what the church deemed heresy
4. largely responsible for conducting persecutions of
those who opposed the Roman church