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PAP Biology
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Cell Cycle, DNA Replication and Cancer Test Review
TEKS
5A: Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms;
5D: Recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer;
6A: Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits
of an organism is carried in the DNA.
Summary of Topics to Review for Unit Test
 DNA- structure and function
 DNA Replication- How and why it replicates
 Cell Cycle- Interphase through cytokinesis. Must know all the steps
 Mitosis- Division of nucleus. Must know all steps and what occurs in each step (PMAT)
 Biomolecules- Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins. Structure and function.
 Osmosis- how it works, where the water goes
 Cell Respiration
 Virus- structure and function
 Cell types- prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic; animal vs. plant
I. Textbook Chapters and Sections
A. Chapter 9 Cell Growth & Division pages 244-257
B. Chapter 12 DNA Synthesis pages 333-335
Figure 1
II. Cell Cycle and Mitosis
A. Define cell cycle.
B. Labe the phases on the cell cycle shown in Figure 1 and briefly describe each phase?
C. Which letter represents cell division in Figure 1?
D. Why does S phase have to come before Mitosis?
Figure 2
E. Label the diagrams above in Figure 2, and label the structures indicated in the various
cells.
F. Explain if the cells in Figure 2 are animal or plant cells.
G. Differentiate between plant and animal cell division.
H. Explain how the cancer cell cycle is different from the normal cell cycle.
I.
Define:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Malignant
Benign
Metastasis
Tumor
III. DNA and RNA
A. What does DNA stand for, and describe the function of DNA?
B. What does RNA stand for?
C. Complete the table below:
Characteristic
1. Sugar is deoxyribose
2. Sugar is ribose
3. Adenine base present
4. Cytosine base present
5. Guanine base present
6. Thymine base present
7. Uracil base present
8. Shape is double helix
9. Shape is single stranded
10. Locate in nucleus
11. Located in cytoplasm
12. Stores genetic info
13. Functions in protein
synthesis
16. More than one type
17. Composed of nucleotide
DNA
D. Label a phosphate, a sugar and nitrogen bases shown below in Figure 3.
Figure 3
1. Is the model in Figure 3 DNA or RNA? How can you tell?
2. What are the repeating units which make up this nucleic acid called?
RNA
3. What is the difference between the purines and pyrimidines?
Refer to Figure 4A and 4B below to answer the next TWO questions.
4. What process is shown in Figure 4 below (same for both diagrams)?
5. When during the cell cycle does the process shown in Figure 4 occur?
Figure 4A
Figure 4B
6. If a strand of DNA has the following sequence of bases listed below, provide the
complementary strand base sequence.
DNA
TAGACTC
Complementary DNA
_________
Define the following:

Leading strand:

Lagging strand:

Okazaki fragments:

DNA Polymerase

DNA Helicase

DNA Ligase