Download SECOND HORMONE(s)

Dr. Vince Scialli
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Rev. 7/25/06
EXAM 1 ~ ENDOCRINE STUDY GUIDE ~Saladin
This guide is intended to provide you with direction into areas of importance. The questions
included are the type you will see on your exams. Please do not try and memorize answers since
choices and order sequences will often be changed on exams. In certain types of questions, it is
very important to understand orders of progression or picking out of a sequence. Answers will be
given to some questions below but not all. In some cases, a list of choices is included for you to
figure out. This guide is intended to complement your reading and note taking, not replace it.
Most exams will consist multiple choice, matching, or fill-in-the-blanks type questions.
1.
The major stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone is?
2.
The anterior pituitary secretes all the hormones listed, except?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
3.
A hormone not involved in glucose metabolism is?
a. glucagon
b. cortisone
c. aldosterone
d. insulin
e. glucocorticoids
4.
Parathyroid hormone?
a. increases bone formation and lowers blood calcium levels
b. increases calcium excretion from the body
c. decreases calcium absorption from the gut
d. demineralizes bone and raises blood calcium levels
e. is produced in small glands located on the back of the thyroid
5.
Testosterone is to the male as what hormone/s is/are to the female?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
6.
A hypodermic injection of epinephrine would do which one of the following?
a. increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate bronchi, increase peristalsis.
b. decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, constrict bronchi, increase peristalsis.
c. decrease heart rate, increase blood pressure, constrict bronchi, decrease peristalsis.
d. increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate bronchi, decrease peristalsis.
e. Increase heart rate, decrease blood pressure, dilate bronchi, decrease peristalsis
7.
If anterior pituitary secretion of growth hormone is deficient in a growing child, the
child will ?
a. develop acromegaly
b. become a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions
c. mature sexually at an earlier than normal age
d. be in constant danger of becoming dehydrated
e. develop into a giant
8.
If there is adequate carbohydrate intake, normal secretion of insulin results in?
a. lower blood sugar levels
b. increased cell utilization of glucose
c. storage of glycogen
d. conversion of glucose to fat
e. all of the above
9.
Which statement is true about hormones?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
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Dr. Vince Scialli
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10. Absence of thyroxine would result in which of the following?
a. increased heart rate and increased force of heart contraction
b. depression of the central nervous system and lethargy
c. increased body temperature
d. higher metabolic rate
e. all of the above
11.
Atrial natriuretic hormone secreted by the heart has exactly the opposite function of
which hormone secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland?
a. antidiuretic hormone
b. epinephrine
c. calcitonin
d. aldosterone
e. angiotensinogen
12.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is produced by which organ or tissue?
Hypothalamus
13.
The venous connection between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is
called the?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
14. Which statement(s) is/are true about Thyroid hormone (TH)?
a. TH is secreted in response to TSH
b. TH has four active forms
c. TH lowers basal metabolic rate
d. TH decreases body temperature
e. TH causes increased lethargy and hypothyroidism
15. Which of the following is not considered to be a major endocrine gland?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
16. What statement(s) is/are true about hormones?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
17. What statement is true about LH and FSH?
a. both are gonadotropins secreted by the adenohypophysis
b. both are gonadotropins secreted by the gonads, either by the testes or ovaries
c. both are gonadotropins secreted by the hypothalamus
d. both are gonadotropins secreted by the neurohypophysis
e. both are gonadotropins secreted by the posterior pituitary
18. What statement is true about Type ll diabetes mellitus?
a. is most common in young children
b. is best managed with injections of insulin
c. is the most common form of diabetes
d. is not affected by diet and exercise
e. is usually seen in thin malnourished people
19. Which anatomical structure is not associated with the hypothalamus?
a. neurons in the paraventricular nuclei
b. neurons in the supraoptic nuclei
c. infundibulum
d. zona glomerulosa
e. hypophyseal portal system
20. Which anatomical structure is not associated with the adrenal gland?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
21. What major body process below is not directly controlled by the endocrine system?
a. cardiovascular processes
b. reproductive processes
c. growth & development processes
d. digestive processes
e. electrolyte & water balance processes
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22. All of the following glands listed below are endocrine glands, except?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
23. Characteristics of Exocrine Glands include all of the following, except?
a. non-hormonal material secreted through ducts
b. holocrine, merocrine & endocrine secretions
c. secrete onto internal & external body surfaces
d. millions of glands scattered throughout the body
e. include sweat glands, salivary glands & mucous glands
24. The most common mechanism for hormonal activity on target cells is the fact that?
hormones stimulate messenger activation or deactivation which affect other cell events
25. Hormonal target cell activation requires all of the following, except?
a. specific hormonal binding receptors on or within target cells
b. adequate number of action potentials and neural synapse communications
c. adequate hormone blood levels
d. specific bonding affinity between hormone and specific target receptors
e. hormonal cell specificity in either all body cells or in specific body cells
26. All of the following are true of the nervous system, except?
a. produces rapid changes to stimuli
b. produces very specific responses to stimuli
c. communicates by release of neurotransmitters at synapses
d. produces a response only as long as the neural stimuli continues
e. functions totally independently of the endocrine system
27. All of the following are true of the endocrine system, except?
a. releases hormones into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body
b. releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously
c. produces effects that can last for hours, days or longer
d. produces only specific responses to internal stimuli
e. functions to control several ongoing metabolic processes
28. Steroid hormones which are smaller than Amino Acid hormones?
a. bind to specific receptors on the surface of the cell
b. function by way of a second messenger system
c. cannot diffuse through the cell membrane because they are too large
d. bind to intracellular receptors within the cell nucleus & stimulate gene activation
e. function by activation of cAMP
29. When an Amino Acid hormone binds to a receptor on the cell surface, the?
a. hormone receptor complex moves into the cell cytoplasm
b. cell membrane becomes depolarized resulting in action potential development
c. second messenger cAMP is activated by enzymes within the cytoplasm
d. cell becomes inhibited, desensitized or inactivated
e. hormone complex is transported into the nucleus where it alters DNA through gene activation
30. The enzyme link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell specific to an
amino acid hormone is usually?
adenylate cyclase
31. When adenylate cyclase is activated in a cell receptive to peptide hormones?
a. calcium ions are released from intracellular stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. cAMP is formed as a second messenger
c. cAMP is broken down into ATP
d. protein kinases are metabolized and inactivated
e. steroid hormones are produced through gene activation
32. The hypothalamus controls secretions of the anterior pituitary by?
secreting both releasing and inhibiting hormones
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Dr. Vince Scialli
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33. Growth hormone does all of the following, except?
a. promotes bone growth and matrix development
b. promotes muscle mass development
c. promotes neuron growth and development
d. promotes glucose storage and conservation
e. promotes amino acid uptake by cells
34. The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of?
angiotensin
35. The chief cells of the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that?
a. stimulates the formation of white blood cells
b. increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
c. increases the level of sodium ions in the blood
d. increases the level of potassium ions in the blood
e. increases the level of glucose in the blood
36. The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces?
androgens
37. The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces?
glucocorticoids
38. The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces?
mineralocorticoids
39. The adrenal medulla produces?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
40. A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is?
aldosterone
41. The pancreatic hormone produced in the beta cells that causes blood sugar to fall is?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
42. The pancreatic hormone produced in the alpha cells that causes blood sugar to rise is?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
43. The ascinar cells or exocrine portion of the pancreas produces?
digestive enzymes
44. The pancreatic islet cells or Islets of Langerhans?
a. contain endocrine cells
b. make up most of the pancreas
c. produce digestive enzymes
d. produce insulin
e. a and d
45. Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin would result in?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
46. When stimulated by FSH, follicle cells in the ovary produce large quantities of?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
47. During pregnancy, the corpus luteum, a structure on the ovary, secretes?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
48. Which statement below is incorrect concerning the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) hormone?
a. ANP is produced in heart cells
b. ANP promotes sodium loss
c. ANP increases aldosterone secretion
d. ANP suppresses ADH secretion
e. ANP reduces blood pressure by decreasing blood volume
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49. Increased numbers of red blood cells would result from increased release of the hormone?
erythropoietin
50. Excessive secretion of growth hormones prior to puberty will cause?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
51. Damage to the superoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would affect which of the following
hormones?
Answer not given. . . You should be able to figure out from the choices given.
52. Diabetes insipidus is caused by decreased levels of which of the following hormones?
ADH
53. Increased blood calcium levels would result in?
a. increased secretion of calcitonin
b. increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
c. increased retention of calcium by the kidneys
d. increased osteoclast activity to release more calcium
e. increased activity of the pituitary gland
54. Damage to the cells of the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex would result in?
a. the disappearance of axillary and pubic hair
b. increased volume of urine formation
c. decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood
d. decreased ability to convert lipids to glucose
e. increased water retention
55. A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in all of the following, except?
a. elevated blood pressure
b. increased retention of sodium ions in the kidneys
c. increased water retention
d. increased urine production
e. increased blood volume
(Questions 56-70)
Choose the best answer from any of the selection choices below. An answer may be used more than once.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
aldosterone
glucagons
growth hormone
leuteinizing hormone
oxytocin
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
prolactin
T4 & T3
TSH
eicosanoid
second messenger
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
sensitization
desensitization
adult GH hypersecretion
insulin
antidiuretic hormone
56. __________ acromegaly
57. __________ cAMP
58. __________ prostaglandins
59. __________ up-regulation
60. __________ down- regulation
61. __________ important anabolic hormone
62. __________ involved in water balance causes kidney to conserve water
63. __________ stimulates milk production
64. __________ stimulates milk letdown
65. __________ increases uterine contraction during birth
66. __________ major metabolic hormone(s)
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67. __________
causes reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys
68. ___________
tropic hormone that stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone
69. ___________
hormone secreted by neurohypophysis
70. ___________
steroid mineralocorticoid hormone
(Questions 71-80)
Choose the best answer from any of the selection choices below. An answer may be used more than once.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
tropic
hypothalamic-hypophyseal
parathyroid
oxytocin
renin-angiotensin
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
c-AMP
non-tropic
exocrine
graves
hypophyseal portal
a.
b.
c.
d
e.
endocrine
diabetes mellitus
parathormone
insulin
calcitonin
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28
10
14
7
15
71. _____________
Type of gland that has no ducts, through which hormones are released into the blood
stream and effects other glands?
72. _____________
Type of gland that has ducts, through which substances are released locally?
73. _____________
Neural pathway between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?
74. _____________
Venous system pathway between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?
75. _____________
Major mechanism for the regulation of aldosterone?
76. _____________
Hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland responsible for increasing plasma calcium
levels?
77. _____________
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium and has an opposing
effect than the parathyroid gland?
78. _____________
A second messenger that is made from ATP by adenylate cyclase involved in amino-acid
hormone cellular activity?
79. _____________
If 20 units of hormone are secreted in the blood, and after 7 minutes, 15 units remain;
after 14 minutes 10 units remain; after 21 minutes 7 units remain; after 28 minutes, 5 units
remain. What is the half-life of this hormone?
80. _____________
Hormone made by the paraventricular neurons of the hypothalamus and functions to
stimulate uterine contraction and breast milk release?
(Questions 81-93)
Choose the best answer from any of the selection choices below. An answer may be used more than once.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
corticosteroids
gene activation
cAMP
oxytocin
glucagon
81. _____________
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
glucocorticoids
positive
second messenger
graves
negative
a.
b.
c.
d
e.
ANP
diabetes mellitus
parathormone
insulin
cushings
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
GH
ADP
TH
TSH
T3-T4
An autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies which act like TSH and
leads to increased basal metabolic rate, weight loss, sweating, etc?
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Dr. Vince Scialli
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82. _____________
Physiologic doses of this hormone cause gluconeogenesis. Pharmacologic doses
depress the immune system?
83. _____________
Hormone produced by the heart that lowers blood pressure?
84. _____________
Name the mechanism systems for steroid hormone action?
85. _____________
Name the mechanism systems for amino acid hormone action?
86. _____________
Name a type of hormone feedback mechanism that causes the continued release of a
specific hormone to a physical stimuli.
87. _____________
Name a hormone that continues to be released from the posterior pituitary in response to
the feedback mechanism in question 86?
88. _____________
Name a type of hormone feedback mechanism that causes an inhibition in the release of a
specific hormone.
89. _____________
Name a hormone produced and secreted from the adrenal cortex?
90. _____________
The pancreas produces and secretes two (2) hormones needed in maintaining proper
levels of blood sugar. Name the hormone that is released in response to low blood sugar
(which raises blood sugar).
91. _____________
The pancreas produces and secretes two (2) hormones needed in maintaining proper
levels of blood sugar. Name the hormone that is released in response to high blood
sugar (which lowers blood sugar)?
92. _____________
What is the condition caused by excessive clinical administration of cortisone or
glucocorticoids characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, losses of muscle and bone
protein, water and salt retention, resulting in “mooned faced”?
93. _____________
Name a common clinical condition caused by hyposecretion or hypoactivity of insulin,
characterized high blood sugar, nausea, ketone bodies and glucoseuria?
(Questions 94-)
Fill in the missing information
94. What are the three (3) “P’s” that characterize, and are cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus syndrome?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
95. Name three (3) major types of stimuli that result in the manufacture and release of
hormones?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
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Dr. Vince Scialli
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96. Name three (3) types of hormones produced and secreted from the adrenal cortex?
One type controls sodium reabsorption, one type helps resist stress, and one type are sex hormones. Name in
order of the hints.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
97. The adrenal medulla secretes two (2) catecholamines into the blood stream in response to sympathetic nervous
system stimulation, especially in stress. Name them both?
_______________________________
_______________________________
98. What are three (3) effects of catecholamine release into the blood stream as a response to short-term stress or
fight-or-flight?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
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Be able to fill in any of the boxes in the table below if one box one each line were to be left blank. There are
10 empty boxes. Place your answers in the blanks listed below that correspond to the empty box. A sample
is given below
GLAND
Anterior Pituitary
HORMONE
ACTH
Posterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary
Oxytocin
Growth Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
FSH
Anterior Pituitary
TARGET ORGAN(s)
Adrenal Gland
Uterus/Mammaries
Most Tissue Cells
Ovaries/Testis
Prolactin
Mammaries
Anterior Pituitary
LH
Anterior Pituitary
TSH
Ovaries
Testes
Thyroid
ADH
Kidneys
Posterior Pituitary
GLAND
Anterior Pituitary
HORMONE
99
TARGET ORGAN(s)
Adrenal Gland
100
Most Tissue Cells
Posterior Pituitary
101
Oxytocin
Growth Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
FSH
102
Prolactin
104
103
Estrogen
Testosterone
None
Estrogen/Progesterone
Testosterone
Thyroid Hormone
Calcitonin
None
SECOND HORMONE(s)
Corticosteroids, Aldosterone
Androgen
None
None
Estrogen
Testosterone
None
105
Anterior Pituitary
LH
Anterior Pituitary
TSH
106
ADH
108
107
SECOND HORMONE(s)
Corticosteroids, Aldosterone
Androgen
None
None
Ovaries
Testes
Thyroid Hormone
Calcitonin
None
Select the choice listed below that corresponds to the blank box number for in table above:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
FSH
posterior pituitary
anterior pituitary
adrenal gland
kidneys
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
oxytocin
hypothalamus
LH
TSH
ADH
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9
thyroid gland
gonads
most tissue
uterus & mammaries
mammaries only
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ACTH
sex hormones
none
prolactin
TH/T3-T4