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Science Outline
Mr.Bostick
Grade 5
Beverly Vista
UNIT C
Chapter 2: Atoms and Elements
Lesson 1: Atoms and Elements
Atoms and Elements
The Atomic Theory:
 Origins of the Atomic Theory:
o 400 B.C.: ______________________ , Greek philosopher
 “Matter is made of tiny _______________ that cannot be
________________
o 1800s: John ______________________, English Chemist
 Developed Atomic Theory
 Atomic Theory: All matter is made up of tiny particles called
__________________
Structure of an Atom:
 3 subatomic particles of an atom:
o __________________, __________________, and __________________
o Protons and Neutrons are inside the ______________________
o Electrons: circle the nucleus at fixed ______________________
 Orbits: paths in which ______________________ move
 Orbits: also called __________________ __________________
 Why are orbits also called energy levels?
o Distance from the __________________ depends
on the _________________ of the electrons in them
 Low energy electrons: close to the nucleus
 High energy electrons: far from the nucleus
o Nucleus: contains most of the atom’s ____________________
o Protons, Neutrons and Electrons:
 Mass:
 Protons are 2000 times _________________ of Electrons
 Protons have the same mass as __________________
 Charges:
 Protons are ____________________ charged
 Neutrons are ____________________ charged
 Electrons are ____________________
 Protons and Electrons have equally powerful charges
o The ________________ between positive
___________________ and negative
___________________ holds the atom together
o Does an atom with more Protons than Electrons
hold a positive or negative in charge?
o Neutral atom: atom with equal Proton and Electron
charges
Elements
 Element: substance made up of one kind of ____________________
o Ex: gold
 Each Element has an _________________ _________________
o Atomic Number: number of ________________ in 1 atom of an element
o Each atom of an element has a specific number of ________________ in
its nucleus
 EX: All Hydrogen has 1 proton in its nucleus. Therefore, its
atomic number is always 1.
 How many protons does an element with an atomic number
of 94 have? What is this element?
 Most matter contains only a few kinds of elements
o Ex: hamburgers, gasoline and paper are all made up of:
________________, ________________ and ________________
o If these share the same basic elements, why can you eat a hamburger but
you cannot eat gasoline?
 Because their atoms are ________________ differently

Molecule: 2 or more atoms ________________ together
o Atoms linked only to each other exist in a ________________
________________
Fun Facts about Common Elements:
o Oxygen: colorless ________________
 Makes up 20 % of ________________ ________________
 Most common element in Earth’s ________________
 Frequently combines with other elements to make metal
________________ and ________________
o Sodium: soft, silver-colored ________________
 Combines easily with ________________ to form salts
 EX: ________________ ________________: table salt
o Aluminum: silver-colored metal ________________
 Never found as a pure substance in nature.
 Why? Because it easily combines with ________________
rd
 3 most common element in ________________
________________
o Silicon: dark, nonmetal ________________
 2nd most common element in ________________
________________
 Combines mainly with ________________ to form a mineral
found in sand on the beach
Fun Facts about Common Elements continued…
o Chlorine: greenish, yellow ________________ with a sharp odor
 2.5 times as dense as ________________
 Combines easily with ________________ to form salts
 EX: ________________ ________________: table salt
o Iron: silver-white ________________ ________________
 Found in human ________________
 Carries Oxygen to cells
 Used to make ________________
Metals
 ¾ of all elements are metals
 All metals except Mercury are ________________ at room temperature
 5 Properties of Metals:
o Gray or silver ________________ (shininess)
o Highly ________________ (able to be hammered into thin sheets)
o Highly ________________ (ability to be formed into wires)
o Conduct ________________
 Why are metals conductive?
 Their outer electrons can move from atom to atom
 Movement of electrons promotes the conduction of
electricity
o Conduct ________________