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Standard #: SC.912.L.16.9
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Explain how and why the genetic code is universal and is common to almost all organisms.
Subject Area: Science
Grade: 912
Body of Knowledge: Life Science
Standard: Heredity and Reproduction A. DNA stores and transmits genetic information. Genes are sets of instructions encoded in the
structure of DNA.
B. Genetic information is passed from generation to generation by DNA in all organisms and
accounts for similarities in related individuals.
C. Manipulation of DNA in organisms has led to commercial production of biological molecules on
a large scale and genetically modified organisms.
D. Reproduction is characteristic of living things and is essential for the survival of species.
Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08
Content Complexity Rating: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 05/08
Status: State Board Approved
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Course Number
2000310:
2002425:
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Course Title
Biology 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond
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Related Access Points
Independent
Access Point Number
SC.912.L.16.In.3
Access Point Title
Recognize that a substance called DNA carries genetic information
in all organisms, and changes (mutations) in DNA can be helpful or
harmful to an organism.
Supported
Access Point Number
SC.912.L.16.Su.2
Access Point Title
Recognize that all organisms have a substance called DNA with
unique information.
Participatory
Access Point Number
SC.912.L.16.Pa.2
Access Point Title
Recognize similarities in characteristics of plants and animals of the
same type (species).
Related Resources
Lesson Plan
Name
Bird Brains - Evolutionary
Relationships
CRACKING THE
CODE/CLONING PAPER
PLASMID
Personal DNA Testing
Suspect Strawberry, DNA
testing?
Description
Students will compare the sequence of amino acids in a gene shared
between humans and six other organisms and infer evolutionary
relationships among the species.
This is an activity where students "crack" the genetic code. They
will "read" and "write" a message. They will also participate in
"cloning" a plasmid.
A lesson with multi-media components from PBS/NOVA that
focuses on DNA testing, including techniques, purposes, and
considerations for biotechnology and human decisions regarding
health. Students will learn about single nucleotide polymorphisms,
how they are used in science, and how they are being used in the
medical field. Students will apply this knowledge by looking at a
mock data set and probabilities to inform medical
recommendations.
This lesson uses the scientific method to extract DNA from food
sources, other than strawberries, to support that DNA is common to
almost all organisms.
Text Resource
Name
Description
This informational text resource is intended to support reading in
the content area. This article provides some of the newest and most
exciting information relating to the DNA in living things. It is a
Chemists Expand Nature's
synopsis of a recent experiment in which scientists were able to
Genetic Alphabet
successfully add two new "letters" into DNA and have the cell
replicate these new bases. This could lead to advances in genetics,
medicine, and various other fields of study.
This informational text resource is intended to support reading in
the content area. The text discusses the evolution of the eye across
different types of organisms. Eyes have evolved independently
Humans and Squid Evolved several times (such as in squid vs. humans), though all animals with
Same Eyes Using Same Genes eyes share the Pax6 gene, which is responsible for organizing the
formation of a simple eye. The evolution of the Pax6 gene,
particularly in how its RNA product is spliced, is responsible for
the diversity of eye types, such as the camera eye in squid.
Virtual Manipulative
Name
DNA-The Double Helix
Description
In this interactive game, the students will understand how a DNA
molecule is built up, how the copies of the DNA molecule made
and what is the meaning of base-pairing. The job of the students in
this game is to first make exact copies of a double-stranded DNA
molecule by correctly matching the base pairs to each strand, and to
then determine which organism the DNA belongs to.
Original Tutorial
Name
The Universal Genetic Code
Description
Learn how to better understand the composition of DNA, the
purpose of the information in DNA, why the DNA sequence is
considered a universal code, and what might happen if mistakes
appear in the code.
Student Resources
Name
Description
Learn how to better understand the composition of DNA, the purpose of the
The Universal Genetic
information in DNA, why the DNA sequence is considered a universal
Code
code, and what might happen if mistakes appear in the code.