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Summer School Quiz # 1 Reformation to Enlightenment 1 **** Please don’t write on this test. **** Protestant Reformation 1. Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses were a call for a) b) c) d) religious revolt against the German princes reforms within the Roman Catholic Church greater papal authority crusades to spread Christianity 2. In Western Europe, a major immediate effect of the Reformation was a 5. Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because a) the Pope’s right to sell indulgences was strengthened b) Luther soon became the leader of Germany c) the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew d) the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states a) renewed domination of the Catholic Church over 6. The Protestant Reformation and the European the German states Renaissance were similar in that both b) greater tolerance of religions other than Christianity c) decrease in educational opportunities for the a) discouraged the growth of strong monarchs middle class b) encouraged people to question tradition d) decline in religious unity and in the power of the c) were led by the military Catholic Church d) supported the return of the Roman Empire 3. The Protestant Reformation represents a turning point in European history because it a) b) c) d) allowed religious reformers to escape persecution standardized all religious writings ended religious unity in Western Europe forced most of Europe’s monarchs to become Protestants 7. Which was a major result of the Reformation? a) new Christian denominations emerged b) religious teachings were no longer allowed in the universities c) the Crusades were organized d) the power of the Pope was strengthened 8. During the Renaissance, which development contributed 4. “Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... most to the Protestant Reformation? my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will hot recant anything, for to go against conscience is a) interest in Ancient Greece and Rome neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.” b) advances in mathematics and science —Martin Luther, Diet of Worms (1517) c) questioning of traditional authority d) attention to realism and detail When Martin Luther said “my conscience is captive to the Word of God,” he was referring to his belief in Absolutism a) the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies b) imprisoning those who disagreed with Church teachings c) maintaining the unity of the Church d) the need for nepotism 9. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by a) b) c) d) abolishing all social class distinctions becoming constitutional monarchs preventing wars with neighboring nations introducing western ideas and customs Summer School Quiz # 1 Reformation to Enlightenment 2 10. Which type of government is shown in the cartoon? **** Please don’t write on this test. **** 13. “…The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.” —Bishop Jacques Bossuet This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the a) existed during the b) Age of Absolutism c) Renaissance d) Industrial Revolution 14. According to the European policy of mercantilism, colonies should a) b) c) d) a socialist republic an absolute monarchy a communist dictatorship a democracy a) benefit the mother country b) trade openly with various countries c) be left alone to manage their own affairs d) attempt to gain independence as soon as possible 11. A DEO REX, A REGE LEX—“the king is from God, and 15. One cause of the English Civil war was law is from the king.” — James I a) the abolition of slavery b) the whipping of Puritans by Charles I This quotation best reflects the concept of c) that Parliament became too powerful a) constitutional monarchy d) Peasants were treated unfairly b) separation of powers c) equal representation 16. Which of these options is not an effect of the English d) divine right rule Civil War? 12. “…The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.” —Bishop Jacques Bossuet Which person would most agree with this statement? a) John Locke b) Karl Marx c) Elizabeth II d) Louis XIV a) Charles I was beheaded b) the English Bill of Rights c) Oliver Cromwell becomes Leader of England d) Signing of the Magna Carta Scientific Revolution 17. Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Johannes Kepler promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on a) b) c) d) the experiences of past civilizations experimentation and observation emotions and feelings the teachings of the Catholic Church Summer School Quiz # 1 Reformation to Enlightenment 3 18. One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they (a) encouraged the spread of new ideas (b) strengthened traditional institutions (c) led to the Protestant Reformation (d) rejected Renaissance individualism 19. Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler are all directly associated with the (a) Industrial Revolution (b) English Revolution (c) Scientific Revolution (d) Agricultural Revolution **** Please don’t write on this test. **** 23. Which scientist came up with the Laws of Planetary Motions? a) Sir Isaac Newton b) Galileo Galilei c) Johannes Kepler d) Nicolaus Copernicus Enlightenment 24. Which statement expresses an idea of the Enlightenment? a) The king is sacred and answers only to God. 20. During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one b) History is a continuous struggle between social similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was classes. that they c) Those who are the most fit will survive and succeed. d) All individuals have natural rights. a) relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers b) favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving 25. According to John Locke, the chief role of government economic conditions was to c) received support from the Catholic Church d) examined natural laws governing the universe a) protect natural rights c) fight territorial wars b) ensure the wealth of citizens d) redistribute land 21. Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and 26. One way in which Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau René Descartes? are similar is that they were a) The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened. b) The scientific method was used to solve problems. c) Funding to education was increased by the English government. d) Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed. 22. Which institution was directly challenged by many of the discoveries found during the Scientific Revolution? a) b) c) d) Absolute Monarchs Muslims The Roman Catholic Church The League of Nations a) philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment b) chief ministers during the French Revolution c) leaders of the Italian unification movement d) supporters of the Counter Reformation 27. “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of a) b) c) d) Niccolo Machiavelli Charles Darwin Charlemagne John Locke Summer School Quiz # 1 Reformation to Enlightenment 4 28. Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in a) changing the relationship between people and their government b) supporting the divine right theory c) debating the role of the church in society d) promoting increased power for European monarchs 29. The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of a) b) c) d) socialism imperialism the natural rights of man the divine right monarchies 30. --Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains. --Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property. --Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong. During which period in European history would the ideas in these statements have been expressed? a) b) c) d) Pax Romana Age of Exploration Enlightenment Age of Imperialism **** Please don’t write on this test. ****