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Oceans, Weather and Climate Study Guide “I Can” statement Student Responses 1. What is a low pressure system? Air circulates up counterclockwise 2. What weather is generally associated with low pressure? Precipitation 3. What is a high pressure system? Air circulates down clockwise 4. What type of weather is generally associated with high pressure? Fair weather 5. What is a cold front and what type of weather does it produce? Cold air mass moving into warm air mass, produces precipitation 6. What is a warm front and what type of weather does it produce? Warm air mass moving into cold air mass, produces precipitation 7. What season is responsible for the most severe weather in the US and why? Spring-cold air from the north meets warm moist air from the south 8. What conditions are necessary for a hurricane to form? 1. Warm ocean water 2. Coriolis Effect 9. What seasons do hurricanes form and why? Late summer early fall, that’s when ocean water is warmest 3. Low wind shear 1 10. What time of day would a tornado most likely occur? Why? Afternoon, when the atmosphere heats up most 11. What conditions are needed for a storm to produce hail? Strong updrafts in a cumulonimbus cloud 12. List 3 actions that could be made in order to prevent damage to a house from a flood. 1) sandbags 13. What should you not do if you are outside in a lightning storm? Go underneath anything tall 14. In the event of a tornado, what should you do? Go inside into the basement or an inner room with no windows 2) build house higher up 3) keep things off the floor It lifts, cools, condenses and precipitates 15. What happens to an air mass when it hits a mountain range? 16. How do clouds form? Air rises and cools, condenses on condensation nuclei 17. Describe the process of convection in the atmosphere. Warm air rises, cool air sinks 18. What is adiabatic cooling? As air rises it cools, because of less air pressure 19. What does adiabatic cooling have to do with the creation of clouds? It creates the cooling needed for condensation 2 20. What causes surface currents to move in the ocean? 1) wind 21. What causes deep ocean currents to move in the ocean? Changes in density like salinity and temperature 22. What is the global conveyor belt? How surface currents and deep currents are connected in a path that travels throughout the world’s oceans 23. What is the coriolis effect and what does it have to do with ocean currents? Coriolis effect determines the directions the major gyres move. CW in the northern and CCW in the southern. 24. What can change the density of ocean water? Temperature and salinity 25. What is upwelling? When cold water moves to the surface of the ocean 2) coriolis effect 3) continents 26. What is the thermocline? 27. What is El Nino? When upwelling is reversed off the coast of Peru, with world wide consequences 28. How does living near a large body of water affect the climate? Small range of temperature, more precipitation 29. What is the greenhouse effect? When greenhouse gases like CO2 cause heat to get trapped in the earth’s atmosphere 30. Describe radiation from the sun and how it causes the greenhouse effect. 50% of the sun’s radiation is absorbed by the earth, the heat is then re-radiated to the atmosphere 3 31. What type of radiation is transmitted through the atmosphere? visible 32. What type of radiation is reflected back into space? UV 33. What type of radiation is mostly absorbed and scattered in the atmosphere? visible 34. What major components of the atmosphere absorb and scatter radiation? CO2 Oxygen and Ozone Methane Nitrous Oxide 35. What are examples of greenhouse gases? CO2, methane, water vapor 36. What are possible causes of climate change? Humans activity, plate tectonics, orbital changes, volcanic activity 4 37. What are possible effects of climate change? Higher temps, wilder weather, more droughts, changing precip, less snowpack, melting glaciers, shrinking sea ice, thawing permafrost, increased ocean acidity, warmer oceans, rising sea level 38. What are 3 examples of climate change indicators? Higher temps, wilder weather, more droughts, etc. 39. Identify 3 things that may decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. Snow, ice, glaciers 40. What is the connection between climate change and carbon dioxide emission? As more CO2 is released into the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution, the average global temp has increased 1 degree, causing worldwide climate changes 41. What are 3 ways you can reduce carbon dioxide emissions? Walk or ride a bike instead of using a car, turn off electronics when not using them, recycle. 5