Download Notes from A Journey Through North Carolina

Notes from A Journey Through North Carolina
Rumblings of War (p. 332)
 National Socialist [Workers’] Party (Nazi)/Hitler in Germany
 Benito Mussolini and Fascist Party in Italy
 Japan—plotting to take over Asia
 Germany, Italy, Japan=Axis Powers
 Italy—invaded Ethiopia
 Germany supported Franco to overthrow the Spanish government and also
occupied Austria and part of Czechoslovakia
 Japan took over much of China
 US=isolationism=staying out of other nations’ conflicts
Blitzkrieg (p. 333)
 Swift movement in taking over nations in Europe
o Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, France
The United States Prepares for Combat (p. 333)
 Congress issued peacetime draft
 Expanded Ft. Bragg, Camp Davis (army)
 Camp Lejeune, Cherry Point (marines)
 Factories began making military supplies to sell to Britain
Trouble in Asia (p. 333)
 European colonies in Asia vulnerable to Japan
 US Pacific fleet bases—Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Hawaii
The United States Goes to War (p. 334)
 December 7, 1941 “ A date which will live in infamy”—Japanese planes
attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
 Much of Pacific fleet destroyed, 2,400 people killed
 Other bases also suffered destruction by Japanese forces
 Congress declared war on Japan the next day; then Germany and Italy declared
war on the US
 US, Britain, Soviet Union=Allied powers
 350,000 North Carolinians including 7,000 women served in armed forces during
war
War in Europe (p. 334)
 Germany focused on Eastern Europe for coal and oil fields=fuel for German tanks,
planes, submarines
 Soviet Union took most of the fighting
Battles of the US Coast (p. 336)
 Germany had a powerful submarine fleet which patrolled for oil tankers and other
supply ships

Many strikes off NC coast—debris, oil slicks, dead bodies on the shore
Life on the Home Front (pp. 336-7)
 Ration stamps=stamps to buy certain goods such as sugar, meat, gasoline,
rubber, shoes
 “victory gardens”
 Scrap metal drives
 War bonds
 Families with members serving in war flew white flags with blue stars for each
member serving in war (gold stars stitched over blue when soldiers died)
 More than 7,000 NC men and women died in combat
War Ends the Depression (pp. 338-9)
 Congress increased the income tax
 Jobs in armed forces, factories manufacturing war supplies
 Ft. Bragg expanded (5,000 to 70,000 soldiers)—building programs employed
many NC people
 More people, more traffic, more land/housing sales, private industry flourished—
ships, aircraft, chemical, electronics
Prisoners of War (p. 339)
 NC had 17 POW (prisoners of war) Camps with 10,000 prisoners
 Geneva Convention—governs treatment of war prisoners
 POWs put to work on farms, cutting timber, etc.
“Rosie the Riveter” (p. 340)
 Women filled men’s jobs in factories in traditional “male” jobs
 NC—1/2 manufacturing jobs held by women
 Served in armed forces=WAC (Women’s Army Corps), WAVES (Women
Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Sevice), WASPs (Women’s Air Force Service
Pilots)
 No combat, instead nurses, radio operators, administrators, pilots
African Americans and the War (p. 342)
 Tuskegee Airmen—all-black flight training program at Tuskegee Institute
 Blacks allowed in Marine Corps for the first time (since Rev. War)
 Separate training facilities and regiments
Persistent Racism (p. 343)
 Racism in armed forces and in general public
Japanese Internment (p. 343)
 Fear of Japanese sabotaging or spying
 Lost jobs, homes, businesses, possessions when moved to internment camps in the
rural areas
 US government apologized in 1988 for it
The Tide Turns in Europe (p. 344)
 Stalingrad
 North Africa
 July 1943—Italy fell to Allied troops
D-Day (Doomsday) (p. 344)
 June 6, 1944
 Troops crossed English Channel to Normandy
 Largest land/water operation ever attempted (amphibious)
 2,500 Allied soldiers were killed
 Liberation of France
 V-E Day—May 8th
The Holocaust (p. 345)
The War in Asia (pp. 346-7)
 Key military victory at Midway Island in June 1942
 Island hopping—controlling Pacific islands (one at a time)
The Atomic Bomb (p. 347)
 Manhattan Project
 Oak Ridge, TN
 Testing in New Mexico
 August 6,1945—Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima from the Enola Gay
 Fat Man on Nagasaki on Aug. 9th
 Atomic bombs instead of invading Japan
 V-J Day—Sept. 2—unconditional surrender by Japan