Download Section 2 Guided Notes "Building a Muslim Empire" File

Chapter 10 Muslim Civilizations
Section 2 Guided Notes
Building A Muslim Empire
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Muhammad’s death leaves Muslim community uncertain on what to do
Early Challenges
o Who would be his successor?
 ___________________ (father-in-law) was chosen to be the first _________
o Some Arab tribal leaders refused to follow Abu Bakr
 After some battles Bakr unites Muslims
 Converted remaining _________ tribes to Islam
o Win military victories over the _______________ and the ______________
Divisions Emerge Within Islam
o Muslims disagreed on who should succeed Muhammad
 Split between ____________ and ____________ Muslims
o Shiites felt _______ (Muhammad’s son-in-law) should be his successor
 True successors are descendents of ________ and Muhammad’s
______________
 Descendants are called _____________
o Sunnis believed any good Muslim could lead the community
 Fought among themselves on who could be defined as a “_________” Muslim
 Compromised on a pious Muslim from Muhammad’s tribe
 Majority of Muslims today are _______________
 Believe inspiration comes from the example of Muhammad recorded
by his early followers
o The Sunni and Shiite split in Islam is similar to the split between the
_________________ and the __________________ Christians
o Sunni and Shiites
 Similar
 Believe in the same _________
 Look to ________ for guidance
 Follow Five Pillars
 Different
 Religious practices
 _________
 Daily life
o _______ percent of Muslims today are ___________
o A third tradition of Islam emerged with the ______________
 Known as Muslim mystics
 Sought communication with God through _________________, fasting, and
other rituals
 Believed to have _________________________
Umayyad Caliphs Build an Empire
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o After the death of ________, a powerful ___________ clan set up the Umayyad
caliphate
 Umayyads > __________ Muslims
 Expanded influence over parts of North Africa, Spain, and France
 Besieged __________________ but failed to take it
o Reasons for Success
 Weakness of the ______________ and _______________ empires
 Seen as liberators
 The Arabs’ bold, efficient ______________ methods
 Camel and horse cavalry
 Common faith of Islam
 Orderly system of __________________
o Treatment of Conquered People
 Special __________ on non-Muslims
 “________________________” allowed to practice own faith and laws
 Prohibited the ______________ and _______________ of conquered lands
 Many non-Muslims converted to Islam
 No religious _______________
 Turks and Mongols help spread Islam
o Umayyad Caliphate Declines
 Had trouble governing large territories
 Economic tensions > no more conquests
 Muslims criticized caliph’s luxurious _______________
Rise of the Abbasids
o Abu al-Abbas (descendent of Muhammad’s __________) founded the Abbasid
dynasty
 Created empire based on the _____________ of all Muslims
 Empire reached its greatest _________________ and _______________
 Islam became a more ________________ religion > no more discrimination
among non-Muslims
 Moved capital from Damascus to ________________
 Created a more sophisticated ____________________ and encouraged
learning
o Under the Abbasids Baghdad exceeded _______________________ in size & wealth
 City had beautiful markets, gardens, palaces, and mosques
 Architecture > domes and ____________ > slender towers of the
mosque
o Surviving members of ______________ caliphate fled to Spain
 Est. a independent Muslim state
 Center of learning > city of _______________
 Muslim rule in Spain endured until 1492
Muslim Empire Declines
o Independent _________________ ruled states of the empire
o Seljuk Turks convert to Islam and control the _________________________
 Threatened Byzantine empire > leads to crusades
o Mongols invade > later adopt Islam > conquered Muslim and non-Muslim lands