Download SBI 3U – Genetic Continuity

SBI 3U – Genetic Continuity
Name: _______________________
Test Review
Test – Monday, March 6th
Topics Covered:
 Cell cycle
 Cell division: Mitosis, Meiosis
 Formation of gametes
 Non-disjunction disorders
 Mendel and his Pea Plants
 Mutations
 Biotechnology
Terms you should know:
 Mitosis
 Meiosis
 Interphase
 Prophase
 Metaphase
 Anaphase
 Telophase
 Cytokinesis
 Centriole (centrosome)
 Crossing over
 Somatic cell
 Gametes
 Diploid
 Haploid
 Fertilization
 Zygote
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Dominant and Recessive traits
Punnett squares: mono- and dihybrid crosses
Multiple alleles
Incomplete dominance, Codominance
Sex-linked traits
Pedigrees
Oocytes
Spermatocyes
Polar bodies
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Sister chromatids
Homologous chromosomes
Tetrad
Centromere
Spindle fibers
Trisomy
Down syndrome
Turner syndrome
Trait
Allele
Genotype
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Phenotype
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Sex-linkage
Pure-bred
Hybrid
Pedigree chart
Stem cell
Gene therapy
Cloning
Karyotype chart
1. Indicate which process the following cells use to reproduce:
a) Brain cells
____________________
b) Fat cells
____________________
c) cells of a zygote
____________________
d) sperm-producing cells of the testes
____________________
2. The figure below shows a cell with 36 chromosomes undergoing meiosis.
a) How many chromosomes would be in each
cell during stage B?
___________________________
b) How many chromosomes would be in each
cell during stage c?
___________________________
c) In which stage(s) would you find a cell with
a diploid chromosome number?
___________________________
d) In which stage(s) would you find a cell with
a haploid chromosome number?
___________________________
3. The figure below shows plant and animal cells during cell division. Identify each cell as either
a plant or an animal cell. Identify the phases of cell division.
a) ________________ , __________________
b) ________________ , __________________
c) ________________ , __________________
d) ________________ , __________________
4. Suggest reasons why skin cells, blood cells and the cells that line the digestive tract
reproduce more often than other types of cells such as muscle cells.
5. Compare and contrast the stages of prophase and metaphase for mitosis and metaphase I and
II. Draw diagrams to illustrate your answer.
6. A microscopic water animal called daphnia can be reproduced because male gametes are not
required. Indicate the sex of the offspring produced. Explain your answer.
7. For Labrador retrievers, black fur colour is dominant over yellow.
a) What would be the genotype of a homozygous black dog? A heterozygous black dog?
b) Could the heterozygous black god have the same genotype as a dog with yellow fur?
Explain.
8. For each of the following situations, create a Punnett square using the Mendel Pea Plant
handout or look on page 138 of your text. Determine the following information:
- parent phenotype
- parent genotype
- parent gametes
- F1 generation phenotypes
- F1 generation genotypes
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Two heterozygous tall parents are crossed.
A heterozygous tall plan is crossed with a dwarf plant.
Two plants that are heterozygous for purple flowers are crossed.
A plant that is homozygous for green pods is crossed with a plant that has yellow pods.
A plant that is homozygous for round seeds is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous
for round seeds.
9. In guinea pigs, the allele for a black coat (B) is dominant over the allele for a white coat (b),
and short hair length (H) is dominant over long (h). A black guinea pig was crossed with a
white guinea pig. All F1 offspring have black coats.
a) Describe how you can determine whether or not the black parent is homozygous or
heterozygous for the condition. Indicate the letter you will use to represent an allele.
b) If 10 offspring were produced, indicate how many you would expect to have black coat
colour, if the black parent were heterozygous.
Indicated the genotypes and phenotypes that would result from the following crosses:
c) A guinea pig that is homozygous for black and heterozygous for short hair is crossed with
a white, long-haired guinea pig.
d) A guinea pig that is heterozygous for black and for short hair is crossed with a white,
long-haired guinea pig
e) A guinea pig that is homozygous for black and for long hair is crossed with a guinea pig
that is heterozygous for black and for short hair.
10. In fruit flies, the Red allele (E1) for eye colour is dominant to all others. The Apricot allele
(E2) is recessive to E1 and dominant to the Honey (E3) and White (E4) alleles. Honey is
recessive to E1 and E2 and dominant to the white allele (E4), which is recessive to all others.
Two fruit flies are crossed, and they have 137 apricot-eyed, 65 honey-eyed and 72 whiteeyed offspring. Determine the phenotypes and genotypes of the parents.
11. Suppose you have two rose plants, both with pink flowers. You cross the two plants and are
surprised to find that, while most of the offspring are pink, some are red and some are white.
You decide that you like the red flowers and would like to make more. What cross would you
perform to produce the most red-flowered plants?
12. Two pea plants are crossbred. Using a Punnett square and probability analysis, you predict
that 75% (3/4) of the offspring will be tall. However, less than 25% grow to be tall. What
other factors can affect phenotype? How much trust should be put on probability
calculations?
13. Explain how it is possible to produce a trisomic XXX female.
14. In humans, the recessive allele that causes a form of red-green colour-blindness (c) is found
on the X chromosome.
a) Identify the F1 generation from a colour-blind father and a mother who is
homozygous for colour vision.
b) Identify the F1 generation from a father who has colour vision and a mother who is
heterozygous for colour vision.
c) Use a Punnett square to identify parents that could produce a daughter who is
colour-blind
15. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary disorder characterized by the
deterioration and weakening of the skeletal muscles. By the time the child reaches
approximately three years of age, the symptoms become more pronounced. The Pedigree
chart shows a family in which the gene is
present.
a) Is DMD dominant or recessive? Explain.
b) Is the defective gene located on a sex
chromosome? Explain.
c) For generation I, provide the probable
genotypes of the parents 1 and 2.
d) Inheriting a defective gene is often
described as a matter of chance. For
parents 3 and 4 in generation II, compare
the theoretical probability of passing on
the gene to the actual result shown.