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MICRO
ORGANISMS
Micro organisms are organisms which
can be seen only through microscope. They cannot
be seen with the naked eyes. They are present in
the soil, air, inside and outside our body and on
all things which we use daily.
Based on their shape and structure
microbes are divided into five major groups.
VIRUSES
BACTERIA
PROTOZOANS
ALGAE
FUNGI
VIRUSES:
Viruses are the smallest microbes which
can be seen only through an electron microscope.
Their size ranges from 0.015 to 0.2 micron.
They are very simple in their structure.
Nucleic acid is present in the centre surrounded
by a protein coat. They grow only on other
living cells.
Example: Bacteriophage.
Diseases caused by viruses are common
cold, small pox, polio, influenza, brain fever,
AIDS, mumps, rabies, chicken pox and foot
and mouth disease.
BACTERIA:
The size of the bacteria varies from 0.2 to 1
micron. They move either by cilia or by flagella.
The cell wall of bacteria is made
up of protein and carbohydrates.
Bacteria use the organic matter from the
surroundings as
their sources of energy. Some parasitic bacteria
depend on the
enzymes of other organisms, some others
synthesis the required organic matter on their
own.
Bacteria are of different shapes. Some
are spherical (cocci), some are rod shaped
(bacilli) and others are spring like (spirilli).
Diseases caused by bacteria are:
Diseases
Bacteria
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Typhoid
Leprosy
Plague
Anthrax
Clostridium tetani
Bacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio cholere
Salmonella typhi
Micro bacterium leprae
Yerssinia pestis
Bacillus anthrocis
PROTOZO
ANS:
The size of the protozoans varies from 2 to
200 microns. They are primitive organisms made
up of a single cell. Some are free living and some
are parasites. They move with the help of
pseudopodia,
cilia or flagella.
Examples: Amoeba, Entamoeba, Euglena,
Paramecium and Trypanosoma.
The diseases caused by protozoans
are:
Diseases
Protozoans
Amoebic dysentry Entamoeba
Sleeping sickness Trypanosoma
Malaria
Plasmodium
ALGAE:
The size of the algae varies from 1 micron to
a few meters in length. They are very simple in
structure. They grow in lakes, stagnant water,
water tanks, damp soil, rivers and seas and on
the barks of the trees.
Examples: Nostoc, oscillatoria, azolla, diatoms.
The uses of algae are:
They help in increasing quantity of
Oxygen in water using Carbon-di-oxide
during photosynthesis.
Azolla, nostocs are useful in biological
Nitrogen fixation.
Algae provide the chemicals like agar
and alginic acid.
Brown algae are used to prepare some
medicines, cosmetic materials and fertilizers.
By extracting silica from diatoms
special types of glasses, cups and saucers
are prepared.
Red algae are used as food in China and
Japan.
FUNGI:
Fungi are saprophytes.
Fungi grow on uncovered food kept for a long
time, organic matters, wet wooden pieces, unused
slippers, shoes, belts, body of unhygienic persons
etc.
Examples: Yeast, bread moulds and mushrooms.
The uses of fungi are:
Yeast is used in making some of the
bakery products and in the manufacture of
beer and wine.
Penicillium notatum is used to prepare
the antibiotic penicillin.
Some types of mushrooms are used as food.
The diseases caused by fungi are:
Ring worm and Candidiasis - skin
disease in humans.
White ulcers - clefts of fingers in
humans.
Blast disease – paddy and ragi crops.
Ring spot disease – sugarcane crops.
Black disease – paddy, ragi and wheat
crops.
Rust disease – coffee plants.
Rotten disease – betel plants.
PROJECT BY IX ‘D’ STUDENTS:
Priyanka G. Hanagandi
Meera B.C.
Shruthi R.K.
Namratha S.
Lavanya S.
Swetha N.
Thank you.