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Transcript
NAME:________________ DATE:____________________ THE FOUNDING: The Romans have two _legends__ to explain the founding of their city and its people. The older story tells about ____Romulus________________ and ____Remus__________, twins who were raised by a ___she-wolf____. The twins were supposedly the son of __Mars_________, the Roman god of war. When the twins got older they established a city on the ___Tiber_________ River, but fought over who should rule. Romulus __killed___ Remus and named the city __Rome_________. The other legend is about ___Aeneas______, a ____Trojan______ prince and son of ____Venus_, the goddess of love. This legend is created to explain the ___origins_____ of the Romans. It was written by the poet __Virgil_____ at the orders of Emperor Augustus. According to legend, Aeneas will move the Trojans to Italy. On the way he makes enemies with ___Dido__ the Queen of Carthage. He settles in Latium, the land of the _Latins___ and his descendants will be __Romulus____ and _Remus____. GEOGRAPHY: Rome is found in the middle of the Italian __peninsula__. The city was built on _7_ hills so it was difficult for enemies to _attack__ the city. The __Tiber__ River flows through Rome so the people could have fresh water and trade __goods__ could be brought to Rome on the river. The city was also miles away from the __Tyrrhenian_ Sea so enemy ships could not attack, but still close enough for _trade__. Because of its location the Latins were not the only people to settle near Italy, the Greeks, ___Carthaginians__ from Africa, and the __Etruscans____ from Etruria also had settled near Italy. THE ETRUSCANS: Italy’s first civilized people often called the “people of the _sea_.” They lived just north of Rome in the land of _Etruria__ and probably came from __Lydia___ in Asia Minor. The Etruscans definitely had contact with the __Greeks_, we know this because the fought in a formation like a _phalanx_. The Etruscans had knowledge and many skills that the Romans would take. The Etruscans lived in small city-states that each had its own __kings___ and were protected by _walls_. The Etruscans eventually conquered __Rome_ and the Romans and even the island of __Corsica___. In fact Rome originally was a _monarchy__ ruled by Etruscan kings. Rome had _7_ kings in total until the people revolted in _510_ B.C.E. and established the ___REPUBLIC____. ETRUSCAN INTRODUCTIONS: The Romans got their __alphabet_ from the Etruscans, which has many letters similar to __Greeks___. The Romans also took their ___religion__ from the Etruscans as each had a __polytheistic___ religion with many gods who took the form of __humans__. The Etruscans and later the Romans would believe heavily on the information from a ___soothsayer____ and their ability to read __omens__. Romans even got __shoes__from the Etruscans, which made them have better footing in battle. CATACOMBS: Although we can not translate Etruscan we know much about them because of catacombs, which were burial tombs beneath the __ground__. cemetery outside the city walls called a __necropolis___. Each Etruscan city had a From these tombs we have found numerous pieces of Etruscan art including their __bronze_________ and gold jewelry. The Etruscans also drew ___frescoes___ that give us insight into their daily lives. ENGINEERING: The Etruscans greatly improved Rome changing it from a small village with houses with straw covered roofs into a __walled__ city with paved streets. The Etruscans had the technology to drain a swamp below the Palatine hill and built the __forum__, the city’s public square. Because of their ability to use the __arch_ the Etruscans were able to make major construction improvements including a ___sewage___ system known as the __Cloaca____ __Maxima__ (“Great Sewer”). ETRUSCAN TRADITIONS: Many Etruscan social practices and customs were continued by the Romans. For example the Romans would give victorious ___generals__ a ___triumph____ when they returned from war. The Romans got their ___gladiator___ games from the Etruscans who had _slaves_ fight to the death at funerals. Etruscan women like Roman women were allowed to own __property___ (very different from the __Greeks__). And the Romans would borrow their __social__ order, or how people were broken into different classes based on the Etruscan classes. Roman rulers even kept the Etruscan symbol of power, the __fasces___, which were a bundle of rods around an _ax___. Roman rulers were protected by bodyguards who carried fasces around.