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Taxonomy, Classification, Viruses, and Bacteria Vocabulary TERM B.8A (SS) Taxonomy Binomial Nomenclature B.8B (R) Hierarchical Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Cladogram Dichotomous Key Homology Ancestry B.8C (SS) Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kindgom Animalia unicellular Multicellular Heterotrophic Autotrophic DEFINITION The science of classifying organisms into groups or taxa The system of naming organisms scientifically developed by Carolus Linnaeus; consists of the genus and species names A method of grouping in which terms are arranged from general to specific The highest level of organism classification; contains the greatest amount of species and the highest biodiversity The level of organism classification that is below kingdom and above class The level of organism classification that is below phylum and above order The level of organism classification that is below class and above family The level of organism classification that is below class and above genus The level of organism classification that is below family and above species; the first part of the scientific name The most specific level of organism classification that contains only one type of organism; the second part of the scientific name A branching diagram showing the species divergence at specific points in ancestral history A tool used to determine the classification of an unknown organism through a series of identifying questions Two characteristics that are similar because they originated from a common ancestor An organism’s lineage of descendants Consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that are found in extreme environments Consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that are found in almost every environment on Earth; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. Consists of mainly unicellular organisms that are eukaryotic; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Consists mostly of multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that feed on decaying organic matter Consists of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are autotrophic; high level of biodiversity Consists of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that heterotrophic; live in a variety of environments An organism made up of one cell An organism made up of more than one cell An organism that must consume other organisms for energy An organism that can produce its own energy through the process of photosynthesis Page 1 of 2 Taxonomy, Classification, Viruses, and Bacteria Vocabulary TERM B.4C (R) Virus Genetic Material Immunization Parasite Capsid Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle Influenza Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Host Pathogen Antibiotic Bateriophage Chicken Pox Retrovirus Toxin Vaccine DEFINITION A non-living particle dependent on host cells for replicating the viral DNA DNA, RNA and nucleic acids The process of immunity through introducing small doses of the infection Lives in or on another organism that results in harm to the host organism Protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus Viral reproduction resulting in the lysis (splitting) of the host cell and the production of more virus particles manufactured by the host cell Viral reproduction resulting in viral genetic material being integrated into the host cells genetic material; a long latent period A highly contagious infectious disease caused by a virus A retrovirus that invades T-cells attacking the immune system and resulting in Acquired Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). An organism in which a parasite derives nutrients from Anything capable of causing infectious disease A chemical substance that kills bacteria cells A virus that infects bacteria A common childhood disease caused by the varicella virus A virus that contains reverse transcriptase and RNA A poisonous substance An injection of a killed or weakened pathogen Guiding Questions 1. What benefit is there to categorizing living things? 2. What characteristics of an organism would help categorize them into kingdoms? 3. How does taxonomy illustrate the relatedness of organisms? 4. How are viruses and cells different? Similar? 5. How can bacteria be both helpful and harmful to the human body? Page 2 of 2