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Conceptual Physics
Final Review
Day 1 Conceptual Physics STAR Review
Read all key terms. Underline all words you are unfamiliar with. Then go back and create a flash card for each
term. Use the term in a sentence, define it, or draw a picture for the term.
Vocabulary
1. accuracy
2. precision
3. dependent variable
4. independent variable
5. experiment
6. hypothesis
7. model
8. observation
9. scientific law
10. scientific theory
11. unit
12. standard
13. x-axis
14. y-axis
15. slope
16. scalar
17. vector
18. magnitude
19. relative
20. frame of reference
21. distance
22. time
23. direction
24. position
25. rate
26. instantaneous speed
27. average speed
28. displacement
29. velocity
30. acceleration
31. free fall
32. vector
33. scalar quantity
34. vector quantity
35. satellite
36. projectile
37. resultant
38. parabolic path
39. horizontal component
40. vertical component
41. range
42. inertia
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
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55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
mass
force
net force
balanced forces
friction
static equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
gravity
weight
Newton's 1st Law of
motion
Newton's 2nd Law of
motion
Newton's 3rd Law of
motion
air resistance
weightlessness
terminal velocity
normal force
fluid
action force
reaction force
momentum
impulse
elastic collision
inelastic collision
system
law of conservation of
momentum
energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
gravitational potential
energy
work
mechanical energy
law of conservation of
energy
efficiency
fulcrum
lever
machine
79. mechanical advantage
80. pulley
81. inclined plane
82. lever arm
83. temperature
84. thermal energy
85. heat
86. conduction
87. convection
88. radiation
89. conductor
90. insulator
91. solid
92. liquid
93. gas
94. condensation
95. evaporation
96. sublimation
97. boiling/vaporization
98. freezing
99. melting
100. kinetic theory of
matter
101. thermal equilibrium
102. oscillation
103. vibration
104. pendulum
105. period
106.
frequency
107. natural frequency
108. wave
109. medium
110. reflection
111. refraction
112. interference
113. transverse wave
114. crest
115. trough
116. wavelength
117. amplitude
118. longitudinal wave
119. compression wave
120. compression
121. expansion
122. sound
123. intensity
124. loudness
125. volume
126.
pitch
127. resonance
128. forced vibration
129. Doppler effect
Chapter 1
1. Distinguish between hypothesis and theory.
2. Compare and contrast fact, law and principle.
3. What is the scientific method?
4. What type of basic things is science about?
5. Which other sciences are built upon the ideas in physics?
6. What are the steps of the scientific method?
7. Define scientific fact.
8. Define scientific theory.
9. Define scientific hypothesis
130. beats
131. standing wave
132. node
133. anti-node
Day 2 Conceptual Physics STAR Review
Chapter 2
10. Why is motion considered relative, and what does that mean?
11. Define speed. What is the difference between instantaneous and average speed?
12. What is the equation for speed? What are some possible units for speed?
13. Differentiate between speed and velocity.
14. Define constant velocity. When does an object have constant velocity?
15. Define acceleration. What is the equation for acceleration?
16. How are velocity and acceleration related?
17. Give an example of an object traveling at a constant velocity and accelerating.
18. What are the three ways an object can accelerate?
19. If an object travels at the same speed and the same direction, is the object accelerating?
20. What is free fall and how does it relate to gravity?
21. If an object is in free fall, its _____________________ is constant.
22. What is the value for the acceleration due to gravity?
23. If a ball is thrown up at 10 m/s, what will be the speed of the ball when it’s caught back at the original
point of the throw?
24. If you throw a ball straight up, what is the ball’s instantaneous speed at the top of its path?
25. If you throw a ball straight up, what is the ball’s acceleration at the top of its path?
26. How do you calculate the time an object will take to travel a given distance in freefall?
27. How do you calculate the distance an object travels while in freefall?
Chapter 3
29. What is a scalar? Give three examples of scalar quantities.
30. What is a vector? Give three examples of vector quantities.
31. Explain how to determine the resultant of two vectors (a) in opposite directions (b) in the same direction,
and (c) perpendicular to each other.
32. What is the maximum resultant for a 5-unit vector and a 2-unit vector? the minimum resultant? Draw each
set of vectors and the resultant.
33. What is the resultant velocity of a boat going across a river the boat's speedometer reads 4 m/s West and
the river is flowing 3 m/s South? Draw your solution and then use the Pythagorean Theorem to verify the
magnitude.
34. Define projectile. Give some examples of projectiles.
35. Draw the path of a projectile. Label the horizontal and vertical velocities at a point going up, at a point
going down, and at the top of the path.
36. How are a projectile’s horizontal velocity and vertical velocity related?
37. Which component (horizontal or vertical) of a projectile's velocity does not change if we ignore the air ?
38. At what point in it's flight does a projectile have its minimum resultant speed?
39. Find the resultant speed of a projectile with a horizontal speed of 5 m/s and a vertical speed of 30 m/s.
How long will this projectile stay in the air?
40. Identify the relationship of different launch angles with a projectiles range (the horizontal distance
traveled.)
41. Explain how a satellite orbiting the earth is actually just “falling around the earth.”
42. About how fast does an object need to travel horizontally in order to orbit the earth?
Day 3 Conceptual Physics STAR Review
Chapters 4-6
43. What did Galileo say about inertia? What experiment did he demonstrate to describe inertia?
44. What is inertia?
45. What is Newton’s first law of motion? Does it apply to objects at rest, moving objects, or both?
46. Once an object is moving through frictionless space, how much force is needed to keep it going?
47. How is mass related to inertia?
48. How do you calculate weight?
49. What is the difference between mass and weight?
50. What is the difference between mass and volume?
51. Your mass is 59 Kg, calculate your weight on earth and moon? Would you weigh more on the earth or on the
moon?
52. What is friction?
53. What is meant by net force? Draw and label the free body diagram of the four forces acting on a
block sliding across the floor if there is friction involved.
54. How do you calculate the net force if two forces act on the same object in the same direction?
55. How do you calculate the net force of if two forces act on the same object in opposite directions?
56. What is equilibrium and how does one achieve equilibrium?
57. An object weighs 25 N on the earth. A second object weighs 25 N on the moon. Which has the greater
mass?
58. What produces acceleration?
59. How is acceleration related to net force?
60. How is acceleration related to mass?
61. If an object moves with a constant velocity, what is the acceleration of the object? What is the net force
acting on the object?
62. What is terminal velocity? How is it achieved? What is the acceleration of the object that has reached
terminal velocity?
63. In the absence of air resistance, which will hit the ground first if dropped from the same height, a feather
or a brick?
64. In the presence of air resistance, which will hit the ground first if dropped from the same height, a
feather or a brick?
65. A constant force applied to a constant mass produces a constant ___________________________.
66. If an object moves with a constant velocity (_______________ acceleration), how is the applied force
related to the force of friction?
67. What is pressure?
68. How is pressure related to force?
69. How is pressure related to area?
70. A woman hangs from a bar using both of her arms. If she weighs 3000 N, how much force does each arm
support?
71. Forces always occur in _________________.
72. A bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compare the force of the bug on the car to the
force of the car on the bug.
73. A bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compare the deceleration of the bug to the
deceleration of the car.
74. What propels a rocket in the vacuum of space?
75. Two people pull on a rope in a tug-of-war. Each pulls with 600 N of force. What is the tension in the rope?
76. How much (in Newton’s) does a 55 kg box of books weigh?
77. A person weighs 300 N. What is the mass of the person?
78. If you push with 25 N on a 5 kg box across a frictionless surface, how fast will the box accelerate?
79. If you push with 25 N on a 5 kg box and there is a 10 N force of friction, how fast will the box accelerate?
80. A certain net force gives a 10 kg object an acceleration of 9 m/s 2. What acceleration would the same force
give a 30 kg object?
Which law? First, Second, or Third?
____ 1.
A frog leaping upward off his lily pad is pulled downward by gravity and lands on another lily pad instead
of continuing on in a straight line.
____ 2.
As the fuel in a rocket ignites, the force of the gas expansion and explosion pushes out the back of the
rocket and pushes the rocket forward.
____ 3.
When you are standing up in a subway train and the train suddenly stops, your body continues forward.
____ 4.
After you start up your motorcycle, as you give it more gas, it goes faster.
____ 5.
A pitched baseball goes faster than one that is gently thrown.
____ 6.
A swimmer pushes water back with her arms, but her body moves forward.
____ 7.
As an ice skater pushes harder with his leg muscles, he begins to move faster.
____ 8.
When Harry, age 5, and his dad are skipping pebbles on a pond, the pebbles that Harry’s dad throws go
farther and faster than his do.
____ 9.
When you paddle a canoe, the canoe goes forward.
____ 10.
When you pull a cloth quickly from under food dishes.
____ 11.
A little girl who has been pulling a sled behind her in the snow is crying because when she stopped to tie
her hat on, the sled kept moving and hit her on the back of her legs.
____ 12.
Under same force the bowling ball moves slower than a marble down incline plane.
____ 13.
When you spin a bucket of water the water wants to continue moving.
____ 14.
When you spin a bucket of water the water wants to continue moving but the back of the bucket pushes
on the water as the water pushes the back.
____ 15.
Balloon moves in one direction as the air blows out the opposite direction.
____ 16.
Two buses with same mass one going at 55 mi/h and another moving 80 mi/h, the fast bus will exert
more force than slow bus.
____ 17.
Flicking a paper from under a penny and the penny falls down.
____ 18.
You standing on the scale and the scale pushes back on you.
Day 4 Conceptual Physics STAR Review
Chapters 7
81. Distinguish between mass and momentum. Which is inertia and which is inertia in motion?
82. Which has the greater mass, a heavy truck at rest or a rolling skateboard?
83. Distinguish between impact and impulse. Which designates a force and which multiplies force and time?
84. When the force of impact on an object is extended in time, does the impulse increase or decrease?
85. Distinguish between impulse and momentum. Which is force times time and which is inertia in motion?
86. Does impulse equal momentum, or a change in momentum?
87. For a constant force, suppose the duration of impact on an object is doubled.
a. How much is the impulse increased?
b. How much is the resulting change in momentum increased?
88. In a car crash, why is it advantageous for an occupant to extend the time during which the collision takes
place?
89. If the time of impact in a collision is extended by four times, how much does the force of impact change?
90. Why is it advantageous for a boxer to ride with a punch? Why should he avoid moving into an oncoming
punch?
91. You are standing on a skateboard.
a. When you throw a ball, do you experience an impulse?
b. Do you experience an impulse when you catch a ball of the same speed?
c. Do you experience an impulse when you catch it and then throw it out again?
d. Which impulse is greatest?
92. Why is more impulse delivered during a collision when bouncing occurs than during one when it doesn’t?
93. In terms of momentum conservation, why dies a cannon recoil when fired?
94. What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved?
95. Distinguish between an elastic and an inelastic collision.
96. Imagine that you are hovering next to the space shuttle in earth orbit. Your buddy of equal mass, who is
moving at 4 km/hr with respect to the shuttle, bumps into you. If he holds onto you, how fast do you both
move with respect to the ship?
97. Is momentum conserved for colliding objects that are moving at angles to one another? Explain.
98. What is the momentum of an 66 lbs bowling ball rolling at 2 m/sec?
a. If the bowling ball rolls into a pillow and stops in 0.5 sec, calculate the average force it exerts on
the pillow.
b. What average force does the pillow exert on the ball?
99. What is the momentum of a 100 lbs carton that slides at 4 m/sec across an icy surface? The sliding carton
skids onto a rough surface and stops in 3 sec. Calculate the force of friction it encounters.
Chapter 8
100. A force sets an object in motion. When the force is multiplied by the time of its application, we call the
quantity impulse, which changes the momentum of that object. What do we call the quantity
(force)(distance) and what quantity can this change?
101. Work is required to lift a barbell. How many times more work is required to lift the barbell three times as
high?
102. Which requires more work, lifting a 10 kg load a vertical distance of 2 m or lifting a 5 kg load a vertical
distance of 4 m?
103. How many joules of work are done on an object when a force of 10 N pushes it a distance of 10 m?
104. How is power increased?
105. In which situation is more power required: Slowly lifting a book bag full of books up the stairs or quickly
lifting the same book bag full of books up the same stairs?
106. How much power is required to do 100 J of work on an object in a time of 0.5 sec? How much power is
required if the same work is done in 1 sec?
107. What are the two main forms of mechanical energy?
108. If you do 100 J of work to elevate a bucket of water, what is the gravitational potential energy relative
to its starting position? What would the gravitational potential energy be if the bucket were raised twice
as high?
109. A boulder is raised above the ground so that its potential energy relative to the ground is 200 J. Then it
is dropped. What is its kinetic energy just before it hits the ground?
110. Suppose an automobile has 2000 J of kinetic energy. When it moves at twice the speed, what will be its
kinetic energy? What’s its kinetic energy at three times the speed?
111. What will be the kinetic energy of an arrow having a potential energy of 50 J after it is shot from a bow?
112. What does it mean to say that in any system, the total energy score stays the same?
113. In what sense is energy from coal actually solar energy?
114. How does the amount of work done on an automobile by its engine relate to the energy content of the
gasoline?
115. In what two ways can a machine alter an input force?
116. What does it mean to say that a machine has a certain mechanical advantage?
117. Draw and describe each of the six simple machines. Be sure to include effort force and distance as well as
resistance force and distance. Categorize them as lever or inclined plane.
118. Can a machine increase the amount of energy available.
119. What is the maximum efficiency possible for each type of simple machine?
Day 5 Conceptual Physics STAR Review
Chapters 21, 22, 23, and 24 - Heat
120. Why are there negative numbers on the Celsius temperature scale but no negative numbers on the Kelvin
temperature scale?
121. When you touch a cold surface, does cold travel from the surface to your hand or does thermal energy
travel from your hand to the surface? Explain.
122. Why can’t you determine if you are running a high temperature by touching your own forehead?
123. Which has a greater amount of internal energy, a titanic iceberg or a cup of hot tea? Explain.
124. When you step out of a swimming pool on a hot, dry day in the Southwest, you feel quite chilly, while you
don’t feel as chilly here in the humid Southeast. Why?
125. The human body can maintain its customary temperature of 37 ºC on a day when the temperature is above
40 ºC. How is this done? (more detailed than just “sweat”! How does sweating cool you?)
126. A great amount of water vapor changes state to become liquid water droplets in the clouds that form a
thunderstorm. Is this a release of energy or absorbing of energy?
127. Melting ice causes the temperature of the surrounding air to ____________? Explain how your answer
can be true.
128. It is possible to boil water in a paper cup. Use the heating curve of water to help explain how this is
possible.
129. Why is it that you can safely hold your bare hand in a hot oven for a few seconds, but if you momentarily
touch the metal insides you’ll burn yourself?
130. Turn an incandescent lamp on and off quickly while you are standing near it. You feel its heat but find
that when you touch the bulb, it is not hot. Explain why you felt the heat from it.
131. Heat cannot readily escape a thermos bottle, so hot things inside stay hot. Will cold things inside a thermos
bottle likewise stay cold? Explain.
132. Your friend is holding the bottom of a large test tube filled with water. Strangely, your friend decides to
place the top half of the test tube over a flame and boil the water in the top half of the tube. Why should
you not be real worried about your friend’s hand being burnt?
Chapters 25 and 26 - Waves and Sound
133. Draw and label a transverse wave.
134. Draw and label a longitudinal wave.
135. Compare and contrast transverse and longitudinal waves.
136. Distinguish between the period and the frequency of a vibration or a wave. How do they relate to one
another?
137. Does the medium in which a wave travels move along with the wave itself? Defend your answer with an
example.
138. How does the speed of a wave relate to its frequency and wavelength?
139. As the frequency of sound is increased, does the wavelength increase or decrease? Give a mathematical
example.
140. How far, in terms of wavelength, does a wave travel in one period?
141. What is the period of a pendulum?
142. If you triple the frequency of a vibrating object, what will happen to its period?
143. While watching ocean waves at the dock of the bay, Otis notices that 10 waves pass beneath him in 30
seconds. He also notices that the crests of successive waves exactly coincide with the posts of the dock
that are 5 meters apart. What are the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of the ocean waves?
144. What types of materials can transmit sound waves? Where does sound travel faster?
145. What happens to the speed of sound in air as the air temperature increases?
146. When a wave source moves toward a receiver, does the receiver encounter an increase in wave frequency,
wave speed, or both?
147. Would it be correct to say that the Doppler Effect is the apparent change in the speed of a wave due to
motion of the source?
148. Distinguish between constructive interference and destructive interference.
149. Is interference a property of only some types of waves or of all types of waves?
150. What causes the refraction of a wave?
151. What happens when a wave is reflected?
152. What causes the diffraction of a wave?
153. Where on a standing wave is the node?