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Series and Parallel PhET A Quantitative Investigation Introduction Most electrical circuits, such as in a ipod or cell phone, contain many electrical components connected together in multiple circuits. This investigation introduces two ways to connect multiple devices in a circuit. 1. Open the following program file: http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/index.php 2. Select Circuit Construction Kit (DC only) - Run Now Series Circuit Directions: 1. Make a simple (one loop) circuit with one light-bulb. Measure the voltage across the lightbulb with the voltmeter and the current through it with a non-contact ammeter. Record your answers below. Voltage: ______________ Current: ________________ 2. Make a simple (one loop) circuit with two light-bulbs daisy-chained in series. Measure the voltage across i) both light-bulbs and ii) one of the light-bulbs, with the voltmeter, and the current through both with a non-contact ammeter. Record your answers below. i) Voltage across both bulbs: ________________ ii) Voltage across one of the bulbs in series: _______________ Current through the bulbs: ________________ Compare the voltage across one bulb when one its own to the voltage across both bulbs when in series. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the voltage across one bulb when on its own to the voltage across one of the bulbs when in series. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the current through one bulb when on its own to the current flowing through two bulbs in series. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Make a simple (one loop) circuit with three light-bulbs daisy-chained in series. Measure the voltage across i) all three light-bulbs and ii) one of the light-bulbs, with the voltmeter, and the current through all three with a non-contact ammeter. Record your answers below. i) Voltage across three bulbs: ________________ ii) Voltage across one of the bulbs in series: _______________ Current through the bulbs: ________________ Compare the voltage across one bulb when one its own to the voltage across all three bulbs when in series. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the voltage across one bulb when on its own to the voltage across one of the bulbs when in series. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the current through one bulb when on its own to the current flowing through three bulbs in series. ______________________________________________________________________________ If you add together the voltages across each bulb in series, what should they give? ___________ What conservation law does this obey? ______________________________________________ If each of the bulbs in series had different amounts of resistance would they share the battery voltage equally? If not, which one would have a greater potential difference across it? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What happens to the current flowing out of the battery as more bulbs are added in series? ______________________________________________________________________ Does the overall resistance of the circuit increase or decrease as more resistors are added in series? Explain! It ___________________ because __________________________________________________ Parallel Circuit Directions: 1. Make a two loop circuit with two light-bulbs in parallel branches. Measure i) the voltage across one of the light-bulbs, with the voltmeter, and the current through it with a noncontact ammeter. ii) Measure the current coming out of the battery. Record your answers below. i) Voltage across one of the light bulbs: ________________ Current through one of the light bulbs: ________________ ii) Current coming out of the battery: _______________ Compare the voltage across one bulb when one its own to the voltage across a bulb when in parallel with another. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the current through one bulb when on its own to the current through one of the bulbs when in parallel. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the current through one bulb when on its own to the current flowing out of the battery with two bulbs in parallel. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Make a three loop circuit with three light-bulbs in parallel branches. Measure i) the voltage across one of the light-bulbs, with the voltmeter, and the current through it with a noncontact ammeter. ii) Measure the current coming out of the battery. Record your answers below. i) Voltage across one of the light bulbs: ________________ Current through one of the light bulbs: ________________ ii) Current coming out of the battery: _______________ Compare the voltage across one bulb when one its own to the voltage across a bulb when in parallel with another. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the current through one bulb when on its own to the current through one of the bulbs when in parallel. ______________________________________________________________________________ Compare the current through one bulb when on its own to the current flowing out of the battery with two bulbs in parallel. ______________________________________________________________________________ If you add together the currents for each bulb in parallel, what should they give? ___________ What conservation law does this obey? ______________________________________________ If each of the bulbs in parallel had different amounts of resistance would they each have the same current? If not, which one would have a greater current through it? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What happens to the current flowing out of the battery as more bulbs are added in parallel? ______________________________________________________________________ Does the overall resistance of the circuit increase or decrease as more resistors are added in parallel? Explain! It ___________________ because __________________________________________________ Current flowing into your home comes in through a mains wire and then is distributed throughout the house via the circuit breaker box. Considering the way the house is wired, in parallel, what role does the breaker box play, other than redistribute current? When answering this question think about what happens when you plug another appliance into an outlet in your home! Also think about what happens when too much current flows through a wire. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________