Download A2.2.1HowManyChambers

Activity 2.2.1: How Many Chambers Does It Have?
Procedure
At the completion of this activity, you should be able to:
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Identify the major structures in the human heart.
Identify the location of the major structures in the human heart.
Diagram the pathway the blood takes as it travels through the heart.
Describe the advantages the four-chambered structure of the heart provides for
blood flow and oxygen delivery.
1. Find diagrams of the human heart that show the ventral (front) and dorsal (back)
views of the organ and the direction of the flow of blood through it. Use the
Internet or other resources provided by your teacher. The websites listed below
may be useful resources for you.
o Yale University; Cardiothoracic Imaging: Gross Anatomy of the
Heart at: http://www.yale.edu/imaging/anatomy/ant_heart_2/
o Yale University, Cardiothoracic Imaging: Oblique View of the Heart
at: http://www.yale.edu/imaging/anatomy/oblique_heart/
2. Write the following titles on separate sheets of paper: Ventral View, Dorsal View,
Interior View, and Blood Flow. You will make four different drawings of the heart
as described below. The titles indicate the different views of the heart you will be
drawing.
3. Notice the column labeled Ventral View in the chart below. The items listed in this
column should be included and labeled on your drawing of the ventral view of the
heart.
4. Make your drawing of the ventral view of the heart using the diagrams you found
as resources.
5. Notice the column labeled Dorsal View in the chart below. The items listed in this
column should be included and labeled on your drawing of the dorsal view of the
heart.
6. Make your drawing of the dorsal view of the heart using the diagrams you found
as resources.
7. Notice the column labeled Interior View in the chart below. The items listed in this
column should be included and labeled on your drawing of the interior view of the
heart.
8. Make your drawing of the interior view of the heart using the diagrams you found
as resources.
9. Notice the column labeled Blood Flow in the chart below. The items listed in this
column should be included and labeled on your drawing of the blood flow through
the heart.
10. Make your drawing showing the direction the blood flows through the heart. Use
arrows to clearly show the blood flow pattern.
11. Show your completed drawings to your teacher before proceeding to the next
step.
12. List in your Laboratory Journal all the structures you labeled on the four drawings
(use each term once). Construct your list so you will have room next to each term
to write a sentence or two.
13. Research, using the Internet or other given resources, the specific function of
each of the structures you listed. Next to the name of each structure, write one or
two sentences that describe the specific function of that structure.
Views of the Heart and Structures to Label for Each Drawing:
Ventral View
(Exterior)
Brachiocephalic
artery
Aorta
Brachiocephalic
artery
Blood Flow
Pattern
Pulmonary vein
(Right and left)
Aorta
Brachiocephalic
Artery
Superior vena cava
Left atrium
Right pulmonary
vein
Right atrium
Aorta
Left pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Aortic semilunar
valve
Mitral (bicuspid)
valve
Aortic semilunar
valve
Pulmonary Artery
Right ventricle
Pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
Coronary artery
Coronary artery
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Left ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid)
valve
Tricuspid valve
Inferior vena cava
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Right ventricle
Pulmonary vein
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
Right atrium
Pulmonary artery
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Myocardium
Superior vena cava
Tricuspid valve
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Dorsal View
(Exterior)
Interior View
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
Conclusion
1. In most of the body the arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins carry unoxygenated blood. The exception to this pattern is the heart. Explain how and why
specific arteries and veins of the heart are different from the pattern seen in the rest of
the body.
2. Describe and explain the mechanisms in place to prevent the blood from flowing in the
wrong direction through the heart
3. Propose suggestions of things that could affect specific heart structures that in turn
cause a malfunction in the flow of blood through the heart or the body?
4. Amphibians have a three-chambered heart; there is only one ventricle. Their blood is
pumped to their lungs from the ventricle, returned to the same ventricle from the lungs,
and then pumped to their body cells. Explain how and why the four-chambered design of
the mammalian heart is an improvement over the three-chambered design.