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ANTH-544: ANTHROPOLOGY OF TOURISM Sue A. Taylor, Ph.D. Office: Battelle-Tompkins T31 Phone: 202 885-1830 Office Hours: TH. 2:00-5:00 pm and by appointment Email: [email protected] Spring, 2008 T-TH 5:20-6:35pm McKinley 204A COURSE DESCRIPTION: Tourism is an exciting area of study providing an opportunity to discuss this growing global industry as a complex cultural phenomenon. Consideration of the impact of tourism on the natural and social environment examines the costs and benefits to host communities in a variety of locations. Specific topics include the history of travel and tourism, economics and politics of tourism sites, memorialization, the marketing of identity and authenticity, sex tourism, and understanding the basic theoretical concepts in studies of tourism. The course will follow a seminar format with open discussion of readings, guest lectures from individuals in the field, options for independent visits to local tourist destinations, and an opportunity for students to engage in a project or library research related to their own area of interest. OBJECTIVES: Students will: 1. Have an increased awareness of the complex issues surrounding tourism as a global industry. 2. A review the historical and cross-cultural experiences of travelers and tourists. 3. Understand the basic concepts and theories of tourism emerging in this multidisciplinary area of study. 4. Gain a better understanding of the relationship between tourist and their hosts. 5. Recognize the trends in marketing tourism which lead to stereotypical imaging and the production of “authentic” sites and artistic goods which may increase racist ideology, ethnocentrism, or result in either positive or negative consequences for the host community. 6. Recognize the ways gender has contributed positively or negatively to the host communities through employment, sex tourism, and other ways. 7. Critically examine the costs and benefits to tourism for various communities in terms of economic development and transnational socio-political actions. 8. Understand the political decision-making practices in the creation of memorials, monuments, and heritage preservation in the U.S. and abroad through the work of archaeologists and anthropologists. 9. Critically examine trends in ecotourism in terms of the long-range impact of tourism on the natural environment. 10. Situate the study of tourism as a significant contribution to public anthropology and career options for students pursuing graduate degrees in anthropology. REQUIRED TEXTS: Available at the Bookstore. Additional readings will be made available as handouts or e-reserves. 1. Chambers, Erve (2000) Native Tours: The Anthropology of Travel and Tourism. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. 2. Gmelch, Sharon Bohn (2004) Tourist and Tourism: A Reader. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. 3. Kincaid, Jamaica (1988) A Small Place. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. COURSE REQUIREMENTS: Learning involves a commitment of the teacher and the students. You reap the benefits of your efforts and mine. My role is to facilitate the process and enhance this experience. Consequently, the list provides a means of accomplishing the objectives outlined above. These expectations are subject to modification in case of unforeseen circumstances, new developments in the field of study, or changing current events. 1. Attendance and Participation: You are expected to attend class prepared to engage in discussions. Read the assigned material before class. Class time will be devoted to discussing the readings, your questions, and comments. Although the course is planned as a seminar, I will provide additional information, current research, and issues related to tourism. 2. Written Commentaries. Bring to class your written comments, questions, or criticism based on your response to the readings. These will form the basis of discussions and will be collected at the end of the class session. At times, I will provide a question or focus in advance. This exercise will provide a way to find your own voice on tourism. These count as participation and will not be given a letter grade. However, the following marks will provide some feedback for your effort: A single check mark means average; check plus (+) refers to excellent/above average; and, check minus (-) means less than average—needs improvement. These are limited to 1-2 pages. You should focus on the readings for the week. It is one way you can contribute to the class and ensure an active discussion. 3. You deserve a break! Be a tourist for a day (or part of a day). Visit a tourist destination site in the metropolitan DC area (or as part of trip you are planning outside the region). Prepare a written report about the experience. This can be a group or individual fieldtrip but each student in a group is responsible for submitting a separate report based on their own experience and observations. Any of the following sites are acceptable: a monument, memorial, museum, festival, shop or craft store, nightspot, restaurant, performance, or other tourist attraction. You might consider taking a ride on one of city bus tours, a trip to Mount Vernon, Falling Water, Baltimore Harbor, or other sites. Submit a report 3-5 pages in a pocket folder with space to include brochures, photos, map, or other materials collected. A guideline will be provided. This can be an visit to a site selected for a more in-depth study, in response to a question you have about tourism, a guided tour, your task of being a guide to a visitor to the city, or simply a place you want to explore. This can be done at any time during the semester. However, the deadline for submitting the report is April 10. 4. A Mid-Term Essay will be scheduled based on your readings, handouts, films, and class lectures/discussions. 2 5. Fieldwork or Library Project: This is based on a field project of limited scope, a library research paper, review of the literature, or position paper on an issue related to tourism. Guidelines for each option will be provided. Suggestions include, the travel industry, issues related to a museum, memorial, or controversy over the National Mall, ecotourism, a cultural heritage project, domestic and transnational development projects, festivals, commodification of culture, ethnic tourism, theme parks or imagined communities, gender and tourism, or another topic related to tourism. Graduate students with an interest in a specific locale or a topic where tourism may be a factor can elect a project that will be useful to their future research. I will provide details and dates for submitting your idea and a brief prospectus for the proposed project. A final written report is required. Complete citation of resources is expected (see comments on plagiarism). Library or field experiences must be approved. I will ask for a tentative topic by the fourth week of classes and the deadline for submitting your prospectus is March 6 6. Presentation of the final paper/project at the end of the semester. Presentations are limited to 15 minutes. The format for presentation is optional. If special equipment is required, this must be reserved in advance. GRADES: The grade allocation depends on the completion of all requirements. Participation and commentaries 20% Tourist For a Day Report 20% Mid-term Essay Exam 30% Final Paper & Presentation 30% Total……………………………100% An Incomplete “I” grade will be issued only in consultation with the student when the situation warrants such action. A contractual agreement is required in accordance with American University Policy. Evaluation of Written Work: Written work will be evaluated for content, grammar, spelling, organization, clarity, originality, and creativity. The following criteria are used in evaluating written work. (Note: plus and minus distinctions are not included here ). A = Excellent. The student's work shows mastery of the subject, understanding of the concepts and information and the ability to integrate the information across areas. The work shows creativity and innovative thinking. B = Good. The student’s work shows mastery of the subject and understanding of the concepts and information presented and communicates them in his or her own words. The work is solid, but not innovative or creative. C = Satisfactory. The student's work in general shows understanding of basic concepts and information, but has occasional lapses. The work shows satisfactory but incomplete mastery of the subject. D = Poor. The student's work shows enough understanding of the subject to be just barely adequate. The work shows major gaps in understanding. F = Unsatisfactory. The student's work is unacceptable. 3 Academic Integrity Code: Academic dishonesty is unacceptable in this class. Allegations of violations will be handled according to the Academic Integrity Code of American University This “includes, but is not limited to, plagiarism, inappropriate collaboration, dishonesty in examinations (in-class or take-home), dishonesty in papers, work done for one course and submitted to another, deliberate falsification of data, interference with other students’ work, and copyright violations” (Academic Regulation American University Washington: Office of The Registrar, American University). Special Needs and Emergencies: You must inform me of any special needs or circumstances that may affect your ability to complete coursework as assigned. I recognize different learning styles and abilities and ensure that students with special needs have equal access to course materials and instruction. Contact the Disability Support Services for further assistance. In case of an emergency, notify me as soon as practical. Documentation may be requested. Other Comments: Cell phones must be turned off or put on vibrate during class. Cell phones, laptops, I-Pods, CD players or other electronic devices cannot be utilized during inclass examinations. You will not be allowed to leave the room once the exam has started. Extra time will not be allowed for late comers. Makeup examinations are not given, except in emergencies. Documentation may be required. COURSE SCHEDULE Week 1: Introduction 1/15 Introductions and over-view of the course 1/17 Why Study Tourism? Read: Gmelch: Chapter 1 Week 2: Tourists and Tourism: Theoretical Orientations 1/22 Read: Chambers: Preface and Chapter 1 Smith, Valene L., ed. (1989) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Read: Pp. 1-17, 37-51. 1/24 Read: Gmelch: Chapter 2. Suggested Readings: Urry, John (1990) The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. Rojek, Chris and John Urry, eds. (2000, orig. 1997) Touring Transformations of Travel and Theory. New York: Routledge. Bring comments and questions to class. These will be used in discussion. Submit the written commentary for this weeks reading on 1/24. Week 3: The Tourist Experience 1/29 Read: Gmelch: Chapters 3 and 4. 1/31 Read: Gmelch: Chapter 5 and 6. 4 Week 4: Marketing Culture and Identity 2/5 Read: Gmelch: Chapter 7 and 8 2/7 Read: Gmelch: Chapter 9, 10, and 11 Students will share their own travel experiences in light of the readings. Feel free to bring souvenirs, photos, postcards, or other objects for “show and tell.” Consider your experience in light of the meanings the material objects hold for you and for the people who made them. Comment on marketing. Why do you have a particular object, photo, etc.? If you have not discussed a topic for a project/paper, I will ask for your intentions at this time. Nothing is required for submission. Remember all topics must be approved. Week 5: When Tourist and Locals Meet 2/12 Read: Kincaid: A Small Place Bring your comments/response to Kincaid’s book. These will be used in class discussion and submitted at the end of the session. 2/14 Read: Gmelch: Chapters: 12 Week 6: Social Consequences of Tourism 2/19 Read: Gmelch: Chapters: 13, 14 and 15 2/21 Read: Gmelch: Chapters: 16 and 17 Week 7: “Authenticity,” Re-Making Culture and Identity 2/26 Museums, Art, Crafts, and Festivals Selected hand-outs. 2/28 Mid-term Essay Week 8: Anthropologists and Archaeologists Working in Cultural Conservation and Heritage Preservation. 3/4 Conserving Place: Prince William Forest Park 1900-1945 3/6 Read: Selections from Coleman, Simon and Mike Crang, eds. (2002) Tourism: Between Place and Performance. New York: Berghahn Books. MARCH 9-16 SPRING BREAK Week 10: Economics, Politics, and Sex Tourism 3/18 Read: Chambers: Chapter 2 3/20 Read: Gmelch: Chapters 18 and 19 Read: Del Casino, Jr., Vincent and Stephen P, Hanna, eds. (2003) Mapping Identities, Reading Maps: The Politics of Representation in Bangkok’s Sex Tourism Industry. In Mapping Tourism. Pp. 161-185. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Week 11: Memory and Memorialization 3/25 The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Commemoration and Reconcilliation: Politics and the Use of Public Space DVD: Maya Lin: A Clear Strong Vision. A Docudrama. 83 min. 5 Suggested Reading: Sturken, Marita. (2007) Tourism and Sacred Ground. In Tourist of History: Memory, Kitsch, and Consumerism from Oklahoma City to Ground Zero. Pp.165218. Durham: Duke University Press. 3/27 No Class Meeting. Society for Applied Anthropology Meetings in Memphis, TN. Assignment: Momuments and Memorials (Submit a written commentary on your visit for credit. This will count as your Tourist Day Report if you like, or extra credit). (1)Visit the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, The Korean War Memorial, The World War I Memorial, the World War II Memorial, The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, or other monuments and memorials on the National Mall or other monuments or memorials in the Metropolitan Washington DC area. (2) The African American Civil War Memorial at Vermont Avenue and U Street at 10th St. (Vermont Ave. exit at the U Street Metro) (3) The Holocaust Museum, The Anacostia Museum, and other Smithsonian Institution Museums. (4) If you are attending the SFAA meetings, I suggest a tour of the Civil Rights Memorial in Memphis. If you prefer visit the Elvis Presley Tour of Memphis or visit Graceland or other attractions in Memphis. Suggested Reading: Carr, David (2006) A Place Not A Place: Reflection and Possibility in Museums and Libraries. Lanham: AltaMira Press Week 12: EcoTourism 4/1 Read: Chambers. Chapter 3. 4/3 Read: Gmelch: Chapter 24 Selected Handouts Suggested Reading: Gore, Al (2006) An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Week 13: The Tourist Industry and the Impact of Tourism 4/8 Read: Gmelch: Chapters 20 , 21, 22 4/10 Read: Gmelch: Chapters 23, 25 Week 14: Final Thoughts and The Future of Tourism Research in Anthropology 4/15 Read: Gmelch: Chapters 26 and 27 Read: Chambers Chapter 4 4/ 17 Student Presentations Week 15: 4/22- 24 Student Presentations Deadline for submitting the final paper is 5:30pmThursday April 24 Week 16: 4/29 Study Day No Class 6