Download AP Ecology Review Questions 51-56

Ecology Unit Review Questions Ch 51- 56
Ch 51- Animal Behavior
1. How do behavioral ecologists define behavior?
2. Compare/contrast proximate vs. ultimate questions of behavior?
3. Define the following terms:
b. Fixed action pattern
c. Sign stimulus
d. Imprinting
e. Sensitive period
f. Innate behavior
4. Compare and contrast and give specific examples of kinesis and taxis.
5. What is the relationship between migration and genetic control?
6. Describe and give three different examples of animal signals and communication.
7. What evidence is there that mating and parental behavior can be under genetic influence?
8. Define the following terms:
a. Learning
b. Habituation
c. Spatial learning
d. Cognitive map
e. Associative learning
f. Classical conditioning
g. Operant conditioning
9. Provide 2 different examples of the relationship between behavioral trait and natural selection. Why
does this relationship “make sense”?
10. The statement can be made that “there are risks and benefits” to everything.” How does this relate to
the optimal foraging theory?
11. What is generally the most important factor in the evolution of mating systems and why does this
“make sense’?
12. What is agonistic behavior?
13. Define the following terms:
a. Altruism
b. Inclusive fitness
c. Coefficient of relatedness
Ch 52 –intro to ecology & biosphere
1. Explain the importance of temperature, water, light, soil, and wind to living organisms (G.1.1 &2)
2. Describe how environmental changes may produce behavioral, physiological, morphological, or
adaptive responses in organisms
3. Describe the characteristics of the major biomes
a.
tropical forest
b.
savanna
c.
desert
d.
chaparral or shrubland
e.
temperate grassland
f.
temperate forest
g.
taiga
h.
tundra
4. Compare and contrast the types of freshwater communities
5. Explain the role of dissolved oxygen in water systems; where are high & low levels found and how it
changes seasonally.
Ch 53 Rev. (population ecology)
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Explain how ecologists measure species density using capture/release or random sampling
Describe conditions which may result in clumped dispersion, random dispersion, and uniform
dispersion of populations
Explain how age structure, generation time, and sex structure of populations can affect population
growth (especially human populations- demographic transistion)
Describe the characteristics of populations which exhibit Type I, Type II, and
Type III survivorship curves
Explain how carrying capacity & how it affects population growth
Compare/Contrast & list how density independent.- vs dependent factors affect
population growth
Explain how predation can affect life history through natural selection
Distinguish between r-selected and K-selected populations
Explain how a stressful environment may alter the standard R-selection and K-selection characteristics
Ch 54 REV
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List 4 properties of a community and explain the importance of each
Explain how interspecific competition may affect community structure
Describe the competitive exclusion principle (G.1.7)
Distinguish between an organism's fundamental niche and realized niche (G.1.8)
Explain how resource partitioning can affect species diversity
Describe the defense mechanisms evolved by plants to reduce predation by herbivores
Explain how cryptic coloration and aposematic coloration aid an animal in avoiding predators
Distinguish between Batesian mimicry and Mullerian mimicry
Describe how predators use mimicry to obtain prey
Explain the role of predators in community structure
Distinguish among parasitism, mutualism, and commensalisms
Distinguish between primary succession and secondary succession
Ch 55 Rev
1.
Explain the importance of autotrophic organisms with respect to energy flow
and nutrient cycling
2. List and describe the importance of the 4 consumer levels found in ecosystems
3. Explain the difference between gross & net primary productivity (G.2.1)
4. Explain why productivity declines at each trophic level & list factors that can limit productivity
6. Distinguish between energy pyramids and biomass pyramids (know units for IB exam!)
6. Draw out
a. the hydrologic (water) cycle
b. carbon cycle (show photosynthesis and cellular respiration on land & water
c. nitrogen cycle note the importance of nitrogen fixation to living organisms – explain
assimilation, fixation, ammonification, denitrifying, nitrifying
d. phosphorus is recycled locally inmost ecosystems
8. Explain why the soil in tropical forests contains lower levels of nutrients than soil in temperate forests
9. Describe how agricultural practices can interfere with nitrogen cycling
10. Describe how deforestation can affect nutrient cycling within an ecosystem
11. Explain how "cultural eutrophication" can alter freshwater ecosystems.
12. Explain why toxic compounds usually have the greatest effect on top-level carnivores
13. List & Describe human interferences that might alter the biosphere
Ch 56 Conservation Biology
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Describe the importance & major threats to biodiversity
Describe the 3 basic concepts upon which the field of biodiversity is based
Define the term : "biodiversity hot spot"
Describe how the biodiversity crisis extends throughout the hierarchy of
biological organization
5. Describe how habitat fragmentation affects population dynamics
6. Define "source habitat" and "sink habitat" and how these concepts relate to conservation habitats
7. Describe how population viability analysis and estimates of minimum viability size and effective
population size are used to evaluate the chances of a species persisting or becoming extinct
8. Describe how edges and corridors influence landscape biodiversity
9. Discuss why nature reserves are important to preserving biodiversity and why conservation efforts will
involve working in landscapes dominated by humans
10. Describe why restoring degraded areas is an important part of conservation biology and how
bioremediation and augmentation play a role in restoration efforts