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BIO 104 Heart homework revised s08 NAME ___________________________________________Use this sheet for answers WRITE NEATLY 1. Fill-in in the spaces provided The heart is cone-shaped and located within the (1) cavity. The apex (1) ____________________ of the heart rests on the (2). The (3, 4, 5) vessels empty blood into the (2) ____________________ right atrium. The pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries carry (3) ____________________ blood to the (6). The four pulmonary veins empty into the (7) chamber. (4) ____________________ The (8) chambers can be thought of as receiving chambers and (5) ____________________ the (9) as sending chambers. The branches off the ascending aorta which (6) ____________________ supply the muscles of the heart are the (10) arteries. The (11) trunk is the first (7) ____________________ branch off the arch of the aorta. The function of the pericardial fluid (8) ____________________ is to decrease (12) during heart activity. The myocardium of the heart (9) ____________________ is composed of (13) tissue. (10) ____________________ (11) ____________________(12) ____________________ (13) ____________________ 2. Fill in the spaces provided. Contraction of ventricles is called (1) and relaxation called (2). (1)____________________ The first heart sound (lub) occurs due to closure of the (3) valves (2) ____________________ and the closure of the (4) valves is the second sound (dup). (3) ____________________ When the atria contract the (5) valves are open and (6) valves closed.(4) _________________ When the ventricles contract the (7) valves are open and (8) closed. (5) ___________________ Abnormal heart sounds, or (9), may indicate valve problems. (7) ____________________ (6) ____________________ (8) ____________________ (9) ____________________ 3. Fill in blood flow through the heart: The superior vena cava, __________________, and _____________ carry deoxygenated blood to the __________ chamber of the heart. Blood then flows through the _________ valve to the _______(chamber). When this chamber contracts, blood flows through the _______________ valve to the pulmonary _________ (vessel) and pulmonary arteries to the lungs. Blood becomes oxygenated at the lungs. From the lungs, blood flows through the 4 _________________ (vessels) to the __________________ (chamber). This massive chamber contracts and sends oxygenated blood through the _________ valve to the aorta and its branches. 4. Where (be specific) are the following structures located? Tricuspid valve ________________________________________________________________________ Aortic valve ________________________________________________________________________ Left ventricle________________________________________________________________________ Bicuspid valve ________________________________________________________________________ Papillary muscle________________________________________________________________________ Fibrous pericardium __________________________________________________________________ SA node ________________________________________________________________________ Interatrial septum______________________________________________________________________ Coronary sinus________________________________________________________________________ Endocardium ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Oxygenated (O) or deoxygenated (D) blood ? _____ pulmonary arteries _____ left ventricle _____ aorta _____ coronary arteries _____ cardiac veins _____pulmonary veins _____ right side of the heart _____ superior vena cava _____ bicuspid valve Arteries USUALLY carry oxygenated blood. List 1 that is an exception ________________ Veins USUALLY carry deoxygenated blood. List 1 that is an exception ________________ 6. Match __________ heart rate X stroke volume A. preload __________ expressed in beats per minute B. heart rate __________ ml blood in ventricles after atrial systole C. systole __________ expressed in ml/minute D. cardiac output __________ contraction pumps blood out of chamber E. end systolic volume (ESV) __________ 50 ml blood left in ventricle F. stroke volume __________ relaxation of a heart chamber G. end diastolic volume (EDV) __________ percent of EDV that is stroke volume H. ejection fraction _________ stretching of ventricles during diastole I. diastole 7. What do the following stand for: a. CO_________________________________________ b. SV _________________________________________ c. EDV _________________________________________ d. ESV _________________________________________ e. HR _________________________________________ Which 3 of the above are expressed in units of milliliters? ________________________ Which 1 of the above is expressed in units of milliliters per minute? _________________ Which 1 of the above can also be expressed as an ejection fraction? ____________________ Which 1 of the above is expressed in beats per minute? _________________________________________ 8. If the normal cardiac output is 5250 ml/min and the stroke volume is lowered to 50 ml/beat, how much of an increase in heart rate is required to maintain the CO? 9. Which term does not belong in each of the following. 1. AV valves closed AV valves open Ventricular systole Semilunar valves open 2. Bicuspid valve Mitral valve Left AV valve Right AV valve 3. Foramen ovale Interatrial septum Interventricular septum 4. Electrical activity of the ventricles QRS wave P wave Fossa ovalis AV node 5. Right side of heart Left side of heart Superior vena cava Pulmonary trunk 6. Chordae tendinae Pulmonary valve Papillary muscles AV valve 7. Ventricular systole AV valves open Blood flow through aorta SL valves open 10. Starling's Law of the Heart states that the more the muscle cells in the ventricles are stretched, the greater force of the contraction. How does the rate of venous blood return affect ventricular systole and stroke volume 11. Will the following increase, or decrease, cardiac output? a. caffeine e. greater pre-load b. digitalis f. exercise c. parasympathetic impulse g. greater ESV d. beta blocker drugs h. epinephrine i. decrease in ESV j. nicotine k. greater venous return to RA