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Protein Synthesis (Chapter 12 cont)
1. What are proteins?
2. Proteins are made up of __________ __________.
3. What are enzymes?
4. Where are proteins made in cells?
5. List the three types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) as well as their functions.
6. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA in a T-chart below.
Transcription
7. Where does transcription occur?
8. In the first part of transcription, the enzyme ______ ______________
binds to the ____________, which is the piece of DNA that signals the
beginning of the instructions for a protein.
9. How is mRNA formed?
10. What is a codon?
11. Write the mRNA strand for this sequence of DNA: C A T
12. Write the mRNA strand for this sequence of DNA: A T T
G C C
G C A
13. What is splicing?
14. _________ are pieces of mRNA that are removed while _______ are pieces of
mRNA that are expressed. Meaning, they will appear in the edited mRNA.
15. Why is mRNA edited?
16. Where does the mRNA strand go once transcription is complete?
Translation
17. Draw and label a diagram of tRNA.
18. What is an anti-codon?
19. Where does translation occur?
20. Why are there only about 20 amino
acids?
21. Using the amino acid chart, identify
the amino acid for the anti-codons
G U C
U G A
Enzymes
22. Describe the levels of organization for a protein:
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
23. What does it mean to denature an enzyme?
24. Why are enzymes so important?
25. What is a substrate?
26. Draw a diagram illustrating how an enzyme works. Label the enzyme, substrate,
and binding site.