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Regular Psychology
Final Review
Chapter 1 – P.7
1. What is Physiological needs? p 7
2. What is Cognitive? p 7
3. What is the definition of Psychology? p 9
What are the 4 goals of Psychology? p 10-11
4. What is the difference between a “Hypothesis” and a “Theory”? p 11
5. What is the difference between a “Basic” science and an “Applied” science?
p 11
6. What is “Scientific Method”? p 12
7. In the 5th/6th century, what did the Greeks decide about human behavior? p 15
8. What did Rene Descartes reason about the body and mind? p 15
9. Who established the first laboratory in Germany, in 1879? p 15
10. What made Wundt a “Structuralist”? p 15
11. What was Introspection? p 16
12. Who was the first person to teach Psychology in the U.S.? p 16
13. What did “Functionalist” believe? p 16
14. What is “Heredity”? p 16
15. What questions did Sir Francis Galton’s book, “Inquiries into Human
Faculty and Its Development” raise? p 16
16.What did Gestalt Psychologist study? p 17
17.What did Sigmund Freud study? p 18
18. What is Ivan Pavlov known for? p 19
19. What is a Behaviorist? p 20
20. What is a Humanist? p 20
21. What is a Psychobiologist? p 21
22. What is the difference between a Psychologist and Psychiatrist? p 25
23.What is a clinical psychologist? p 25
24.What is a counseling psychologist? p 25
Chapter 2 - P.34
25. To begin research, you must first begin by doing what? p 36
26. What is a sample? p 36
27. What are the 7 Methods of Research? p 37-39
28. What is a Naturalistic Observation? p 37
29. What is a Case Study? p 37
30. What is a Survey? p 38
31. In a Cross-Sectional Study, how do researchers organize the individuals? p 38
32. Why would a researcher choose an Experiment over other methods? p 39
33. What is a Hypothesis? p 40
34. What is a Control Group? p 40
35. What is a Variable? p 40
36. What is the Experimental Group? p 40
37. What is interesting about the Milgram Experiment? p 43
38. What is a Placebo Effect? p 45
39. What is Statistics? p 48
40. What is the Normal Curve? p 51
41. What is Standard Deviation? p 52
42. What is Inferential Statistics? p 53
Chapter 3 – P.61
43. What does a developmental Psychologist study? p 61
44.What is the grasping reflex? p 62
45. Why is the “rooting reflex” important? p 62
46. What is the average birth weight of a baby? p 63
47. Be able to match the age with skill on the Physical and Motor development
skills on P. 64.
48. A baby’s first real words refer to what? p 66
49. What is telegraphic speech? p 67
50. What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation? p 71
51. How does the hiding of a toy, in Object Permanence, effect a 1-6 month old,
7-12 month old, 12-18, 18-24? p 71
52. What is Egocentric? p 73
53. What is the difference between authoritative, democratic, and permissive
parenting styles? p 79
54. What is Child Abuse? p 80
55. What is Socialization? p 81
56. Be able to match Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development – Stages to
definitions.
57. What is Moral Development that Lawrence Kohlberg studied? p 84
Chapter 4 – P. 93
58. Birthdays at age 1, 13, 16, 18, 21 are known as what in growing up? P.94
59. What is the difference between G. Stanley Hall’s theory of adolescence and
Margaret Mead’s? page 94
60. What is Puberty? page 95
61. How is puberty different for boys and girls? page 95-96
62. What is Menarche? page 96
63. What types of questions have been raised by sexual awareness and activity of
today’s teens? P.99
64. What is Rationalization? page 102
65. Dr. David Elkind, in 1984, came up with 6 problems Adolescents develop
because of immaturity and abstract thought process, what are they? P.103
66. What is an Identity Crisis? pg 105
67. What is the biggest Developmental Task of an adolescent, in relation to their
family? pg 110
68. Why do teens turn to their peers for advice? pg 110
69. What is a Clique? pg 111
70. What is Conformity? pg 111
71. What is the “Illusion of Invulnerability”? pg 113
72. What is the most common factor in Teenage Suicide? pg 113-114
73. What is gender role? pg 117
Chapter 5 P.129
74. Why do we age? pg 130
75. What is Menopause? pg 131
76. What % marriages end in divorce? pg 132
77. Is there Sex After 40? pg 132
What is the Midlife Transition? P.135
What is the Empty Nest Syndrome? P.136
78. What is the Decremental Model of Aging? pg 138
79. Is there Sex After 65? pg 140
80. What is Senile Dementia? pg 142
81. Why is discussing “Hospice” difficult? pg 147
Chapter 6 – P.155
82. What is the Central Nervous System? pg 156
83. What are Neurons? pg 157
84. What is the Synapse? pg 157
85. What are the Neurotransmitters? pg 158
86. What is the difference between the Somatic Nervous System and the
Autonomic Nervous System? pg 158
87. What is the job of the Thalamus? pg 161
88. What is the Midbrain? pg 161
89.What is the Hindbrain? pg 160
90. What is the Occipital Lobe? pg 162
91. What are the 3 functions of the Left side of the brain? pg 163
What are the 3 functions of the Right side of the brain? pg 163
92. What is an EEG? pg 165
93. What is a CAT? pg 167
Chapter 7 –P.182
94.What is Sleep? pg 184
95.What do we mean when we discuss altered states of consciousness? pg 184
96. Until recently, studying sleep has been extremely difficult. What enabled us to
now be able to study sleep? pg 184
97.What are the 4 beliefs as to why we sleep? pg 184
98. In Stage I, people who are awakened say they were, “Just drifting”. How
long does this period last and what type of brain waves are present?
pg 185
99.In Stage II, what do we do, and how long does this phase last? pg 185
100.
In Stage III, what type of waves are present in the brain? pg 185
101.
In Stage IV, what type of brain waves is present? pg 184
102.
After you have gone through Stages I-IV, you begin to rapidly move
your eyes, what is this sleep called? pg 186
103.
When does dreaming actually take place? pg 186
104.
About how often do you cycle in and out of REM sleep? pg 186
105.
Humans spend 1/3 of their lives in sleep – so how much do we get at
different ages: pg 186
106.
What is the Circadian Rhythm? pg 186
107.
What is Insomnia? pg 187
108.
What is Sleep Apnea? pg 187
109.
What is Narcolepsy? pg 188
110.
What are “Dreams”? pg 188
111.
What did Sigmund Freud believe about dreams? pg 189
112.
What is “Hypnosis”? pg 191
113.
What is Biofeedback? pg 194
114.
What plant do we get Marijuana from? pg 198
115.
What are the effects of Opiates? pg 201
116.
How does alcohol affect the body? pg 201
Chapter 8 – P.207
117.
What is Sensation? pg 208
118.
What is Perception? pg 208
119.
What is Absolute Threshold? pg 209
120.
What are the 7 Human Senses? pg 210
121.
What is Weber’s Law? pg 211
122.
What is Stroop’s Effect? pg 213
123.
What does part of the eye does light images go through first? pg 215
124.
Where do images reflect on at the back of the eye? pg 215
125.
What sends an image to the brain? pg 215
126.
What are the 2 parts of the Retina? pg 215
127.
What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum? pg 217
128.
What is Nearsightedness? pg 218
129.
What is Farsightedness? pg 218
130.
What is Decibels? pg 219
131.
What is Pitch? pg 219
132.
What is Deafness? pg 219
133.
What gives us Balance? pg 220
134.
What gives us Taste? pg 220
135.
What gives us Smell? pg 220
136.
What is a subliminal message? pg 226
Chapter 9 – P.241
141. What is classical conditioning? pg 241
142. What is operant conditioning? pg 250
143. How is a conditioned response acquired? pg 242
144. How can humans benefit from classical conditioning? pg 242
145. What is it called when people are systematically paid to act accordingly? pg 251
146. What is the essential concept of programmed instruction based on? pg 255
147. Name the disadvantages of using punishment to change behavior. pg 256
148. What is a schedule that doesn’t require that a fixed, or set number, of
responses be made for each reinforcement? pg 254
149. Which behavior modification technique would be the most useful in changing
aggressive behavior? pg 255
Chapter 10 – P.273
150. What is Memory? pg 274
151. What is Short Term Memory? pg 276
152. What are the 3 processes of Memory? pg 275/278
153. What is Maintenance Rehearsal? pg 276
154. What is Chunking? pg 277
155. What are Schemas? pg 284
156. What is Amnesia? pg 286
157. What are Mneumonic Devices? pg 288
Chapter 11 – P.295
158. What is happening when you let your mind wander when pondering a
problem? pg 297
159. What is recombination? pg 301
160. What is the AHA! factor? pg 301
161. What are you practicing when you conduct an experiment to see how many
uses there are for a toothpick? pg 301
162. What is the first step in trying to solve a problem? pg 298
Chapter 12 - P.313
137.
What is Motivation? pg 314
138.
What are Instincts? pg 314
139.
What are Needs? pg 314
140.
What is Drive? pg 315
141.
What are Incentives? pg 316
142.
What is the difference between Extrinsic Motivation and Intrinsic Motivation:?
pg 316
143.
What does the Lateral Hypothalamus do? pg 320
144.
What is the function of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus do? pg 321
145.
What is Obesity? pg 322
146.
What part of Obesity is hereditary? pg 322
147.
Who would have more fear of Success, men or women? pg 323
148.
What are the 5 levels of Maslow’s Hierachy? pg 327
149.
What are Emotions? pg 329
150.
How does emotion play a part in making decisions? pg 330
151.
What is primary site for the display of emotions? pg 330
152.
What is the James-Lange Theory? pg 332
Chapter 16 – P.447
153.
What is hysteria?
154.
What does the American Psychiatric Association use to classify abnormal
behavior? pg 451
155.
What is Neurosis? pg 451/453
156.
What is a Phobia? pg 456
157.
What is a Panic Disorder? pg 457
158.
What are some signs of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? pg 458
159.
What is Somatoform Disorders? pg 461
160.
What are Conversion Disorders? pg 461
161.
What is Dissociative Disorders? pg 462
162.
What is Dissociative Identity Disorders? pg 462
163.
What is Schizophrenia? pg 466
164.
What is a delusion? pg 466
165.
What is an addiction? pg 476
166.
How do you develop a tolerance to a drug? pg 476
167.
What is alcoholism? pg 477
172. What is an extreme fear of crowds an example of? pg 457
173. What is the standard system for classifying abnormal behavior? pg 452
Chapter 17 – P.485
174. What is the use of many different methods of therapy by some psychologists
is known as? pg 487
175. When Little Albert was taught that furry animals are to be afraid of, John
Watson never taught him that they are not something to be afraid. Watson
did not do what part of therapy?
176. What is talking about everything that comes to mind called? pg 494
177. What is the drug is used to bring manic-depressive patients to a state of
equilibrium? pg 508
178. What type for therapy was used on patients who had a mental breakdown in
the 1950’s? pg 510
179. Mental health professionals who have been trained to deal with the problems
of others include counselors, clinicians, psychiatrists and social workers
practice what type of Psychology? pg 489
180. Why is Psychosurgery controversial? pg 510