Download Name: Class: Date: Label the parts of the solar system. Complete

SHEET
REINFORCEMENT
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
1
Name:
Class:
1
Label the parts of the solar system.
2
Complete these sentences using these words, elliptical, eight, larger, Mars,
gas, natural, Saturn, one, moons, rocky.
The solar system is made up of
Date:
planets and
star, the Sun. It also includes comets,
and asteroids. The Earth's
satellite is the Moon. The planets all move in
orbits. The
planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and
. The
giants are Jupiter,
Uranus and Neptune. Mars is
than
Mercury, and Jupiter is much larger than the Earth.
24
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SHEET
REINFORCEMENT
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
2
Name:
1
2
Class:
Date:
Label the diagram to explain the Earth's rotation.
Rotation refers to the movement of
.
Revolution refers to the movement of
.
Identify the two planes: equatorial and ecliptic.
Label and describe the equinoxes and the solstices
The seasons are caused by the movement of
.
This movement causes
.
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SHEET
REINFORCEMENT
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
3
Name:
1
Write the name of each phase of the Moon.
2
Label the eclipses and the tides: total, partial, solar
eclipse, lunar eclipse, high tide, low tide.
26
Class:
Date:
BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 1. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S. L.
SHEET
4
REINFORCEMENT
AND EXTENSION
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
Name:
1
Class:
Date:
i. When the outline of the Moon looks like the letter D, it is
Complete the summary.
a. The
in the
model proposed that the
Earth
j. In a solar eclipse, the
.
The
phase.
is between
. In a lunar eclipse,
the Sun and the
model
that the Sun
the
.
is between the Sun and the
.
b. Today,scientists believes that the universe came into
k. During the
existence in a very rapid
the length of day and
night are equal. During the
called the Big Bang.
the difference between day and night is greatest.
c. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is
approximately 150
km, and is
2
equal to an
• average distance from the Sun in AU • mass (Earth = 1) • size (radius or diameter) • rotation period in Earth days
. A light year is about
km.
d. The universe is made up of
which
are grouped into
3
.Our galaxy is called the
.
e. The inner solar system contains the rocky planets,
which are
, the
and
Make a table about the planets with these headings.
• orbital period in Earth years • atmospheric composition • average surface temperature • number of satellites.
Based on your table, what criteria are used to classify
planets as inner or outer?
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS
Nebulae
Nebulae are produced when stars explode. The explosion
comes when the fuel that made them shine is exhausted.
Initially, nebulae have a spherical shape, but soon they disperse
in space and mix with other clouds of gas.
belt, and the gas giants, which
are
.
and
f. The four major systems of the Earth are the:
CARINA NEBULA.
Images taken by
the Hubble.
g. The Earth, like other planets, moves in two ways:
on its axis, which takes
4
The Orion Nebula is the only nebula that is visible to
the naked eye. It can be observed clearly with a pair of
binoculars. It is located in the middle of the sword of
the Orion constellation. Find out how to locate this
constellation in the sky.
5
Describe what the pictures of nebula look like to you.
They look like ... They seem … They make me feel ...
6
In groups of three or four, design a mural to explain
how a nebula is formed and how it evolves over time.
Illustrate the process with photos from the Internet.
hours, and revolution around the
which is completed in
days.
h. The Moon takes about
rotate once on its axis, and
days to
days
to orbit the Earth.
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SHEET
REINFORCEMENT
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
5
Name:
Class:
Date:
SUMMARY
The universe
• Components:
– galaxy clusters: – galaxies: – stars: • Units of measurement and approximate distance:
– light year: this is the distance – astronomical unit (AU): this is the distance The solar system
The solar system consists of:
.
The Earth
• Special characteristics:
• The four major systems:
• Movements:
– Rotation on its axis takes .
– Revolution around the Sun takes .
The Moon
• Rotation takes .
• Revolution takes .
• The four most well-known phases: • A solar eclipse occurs when .
• A lunar eclipse occurs when 28
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SHEET
6
REINFORCEMENT
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
INSTRUMENTS FOR ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS
A
B
C
1. The human eye. The Sun, the Moon and its phases,
eclipses, the Earth, five planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars,
Jupiter and Saturn), the stars, comets and our galaxy
were all discovered thanks to this instrument.
Reflector telescopes are the most economical. One
with a diameter of 20 cm enables you to see celestial
bodies in deep space (open clusters, nebulae and some
galaxies), details of the lunar surface and some planets.
2. Binoculars. You can observe Jupiter's satellites,
lunar relief, many nebulae and some open clusters,
the Andromeda galaxy and many comets. Look at the
two numbers separated by an X on the binoculars.
The first number tells you the enlargement; the
second, the diameter of the lenses in millimetres.
4. Cameras. You can capture faint astronomical
images if you use a long exposure, which receives a
great amount of light. They are ideal for taking photos
of constellations (15- to 20-second exposure) or stellar
movements (exposures greater than 20 seconds).
3. Telescopes. Refractor telescopes use lenses to
focus light. Reflector telescopes use a mirror.
Catadioptric telescopes use a lens/mirror combination.
5. Instruments on satellites. Like huge terrestrial
telescopes, these instruments are used for research.
Images from observatories or institutions like NASA
can be found on the Internet.
ACTIVITIES
D
1
E
Answer the questions.
a.What instruments are shown in photos A–C?
b. Look at photos D–G. What does each show?
c. Which instrument do you think was used to capture each object or phenomenon in photos D–G?
d. What difference is there between photo E and the rest?
e. Do you think it was easy to take photo F?
Why? / Why not?
BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 1. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S. L.
F
G
2
Which binoculars provide the largest enlargement? And
the smallest? Which are the largest? And the smallest?
Peta: 20 x 80; Ganon: 8 x 30; Cegex: 10 x 20; Fujixi: 7 x 50.
3
What would you use to observe Saturn's rings, a nebula, a
constellation, stellar movement, lunar craters, a galaxy, a
distant comet and a solar eclipse?
4
Find Van Gogh's Starry night on the Internet. Describe how
he showed stars.
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SHEET
7
EXTENSION
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
ORIENTATION IN THE NIGHT SKY
The most important requirement for finding your
way with the stars is a clear night sky with little or
no light pollution.
Remember:
– Some celestial bodies are only visible at certain
times during the year.
This will make it possible to locate some of the most
important constellations and stars.
– Use sky maps to find objects in the night sky and
FINDING POLARIS, THE NORTH STAR
a compass to locate north.
FINDING POLARIS (IN AUTUMN–WINTER)
To find north without a compass, find the Big Dipper and
then the Little Dipper. Polaris, the North Star, is located at
the end of the handle of the Little Dipper.
In autumn and winter, the constellation shaped like a W,
Cassiopeia, can orient your search. Cassiopeia and the
Big Dipper are equidistant from Polaris.
Big Dipper
Polaris
Polaris
Cassiopeia
Big Dipper
Little Dipper
Little Dipper
FINDING CEPHEUS
FINDING LEO
Polaris
Leo
Cepheus
Little Dipper
Big Dipper
Big Dipper
ACTIVITIES
1
If you cannot distinguish a star with the naked eye or you
want to see it more clearly, what instruments can you
use to observe the night sky?
3
The distance between Alcor and Mizar, two stars in the
handle of the Big Dipper, is one quarter of a light year.
Calculate this distance in kilometres.
2
Find the names of the two outer stars in the bowl of the
Big Dipper.
4
The constellation Leo is visible in the skies of the
northern hemisphere from December to May. What is
the name of the brightest star in this constellation? What
part of the lion is marked by the brightest star?
30
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EXTENSION
SHEET
8
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
BUILD AN EARTH–MOON MODEL
Materials
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Build a model of the Earth–Moon system to
observe how eclipses occur.
• Two balls made of wood, Styrofoam or modelling clay. One
should be 1 cm in diameter. Calculate the diameter of the
other ball according to the directions below.
• A wooden strip.
• Nails, screws or glue.
PROCEDURE
Perform the calculations
Build the model
1
The diameter of the Moon and the Earth have a ratio of
1:4. That is, the Earth has a diameter four times that of
the Moon.
2
The distance between the Earth and the Moon is 30
times the diameter of the Earth.
3
1
Take two balls, one that is 1 cm in diameter and the
other the size based on the calculations you have
made. Paint or colour the ball representing the Earth
blue.
2
Mark two points on the strip of wood separated by the
distance you have calculated. Hold the balls at those
points. Attach one of the balls at each point. Use nails,
screws, strong glue like superglue or contact adhesive.
If you have a ball 1 cm in diameter representing the
Moon, calculate the diameter of the ball that will
represent the Earth, and the length of the strip of wood
you need to situate the two bodies at the proper
distance.
A ball 1 cm in diameter to
represent the Moon
A ball to represent the Earth
A strip of wood
G
FG
5 cm
FG
F
ACTIVITIES
1
Calculate the diameter of the large ball and the distance
between the two balls.
2
The same model can be used to simulate solar and lunar
eclipses. Take the model outside on a sunny day. One end
of the strip of wood should face in the direction of the
Sun. To do this, observe the shadow of the model on the
ground. The shadows of the two balls should coincide.
b. T o reproduce a lunar eclipse, turn the strip around and
make the ball of the Moon fall within the shadow of the
ball of the Earth.
3
Think of other phenomena that could be reproduced
with the model using a flashlight to change the direction
of the sunlight more easily. For example, try to
reproduce the phases of the Moon.
a. T o reproduce a solar eclipse, the shadow of the Moon
should be on the Earth. The shadow produces a small dark
spot on the ball of the Earth, where the eclipse is occurring.
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1
ASSESSMENT
Name:
1
Class:
Date:
Identify the planets in the picture. Name the planet between Mars and Saturn and list its main characteristics.
2
What two types of movement do all planets have? What natural phenomena do they cause?
3
What are asteroids? Where are they found?
4
Which planet does each sentence refer to? Write the name.
a. It has the most satellites. b. Its surface is covered with impact craters. c. It has living things. d. It had oceans in the distant past. e. It rotates in the opposite direction of the other planets. 5
Tick the false sentences. Then correct them.
a.The Earth revolves around the Sun along the ecliptic plane.
b.Venus and Neptune are gas giants.
c.Equinoxes are the dates when the length of day and night are equal: 12 hours.
d.The Kuiper Belt is made up primarily of asteroids.
e.The astronomer Hubble proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.
32
BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 1. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S. L.
1. THE UNIVERSE AND OUR PLANET
Name:
6
Class:
Date:
Answer the questions.
a. Why did the ancient Greeks believe that the Earth was the centre of the universe?
b. Direct observation shows that the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. How can
you use this information to explain that the Earth rotates around the Sun and not vice versa?
7
On 3 July, would it be day or night at the North Pole? And at the South Pole?
Why do the Poles have six months of night and six months of day?
8
Label the two types of eclipses. Write solar or lunar. Explain what causes each one.
A. B. 9
If you made a model of the solar system, what size would Mars be if the Earth were a ball
with a radius of 5 cm? Facts: The radius of the Earth is 6 370 km; the radius of Mars is 3 397 km.
10 Answer the questions.
a. What is a constellation?
b. What significance did some ancient cultures give to constellations?
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