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Physics Fall Exam Review
Name:___________________________
1. A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is referred to as a ____________ quantity. Give two examples:
_________________________ _________________________ If a quantity has magnitude only it is referred to as a
______________ quantity. Give two examples: _________________________ _________________________
Questions 2-5 refer to the velocity-time graph of a car’s motion:
2. In which section is the car accelerating from rest? ______
3.In which section is the car’s acceleration negative? ______
4.How far does the car travel during section “b”? _________
5.What is the acceleration of the car in each section?
a ________
b ________
c ________
d ________
Questions 6-11 refer to displacement-time (same as
position-time) graph of a carts motion:
6.In which section(s) is the cart accelerating? ______
7.In which section(s) is the cart not moving? ______
8.In which section(s) is the cart moving backwards? __________
9.In which section(s) is the cart’s instantaneous velocity at any
time equal to its average velocity? ___________
10.What is the velocity of the cart in these sections?
11. How far does the cart move in section b-c? _________
a-b __________
c-d __________
e-f __________
f-g __________
e-f? _________
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12. A car increases its speed from 60 to 65 miles per hour in the same time that a bike increases its speed from rest to 5 miles per
hour. In this case, the acceleration is greatest for the _________________________________.
13. A car maintains a speed of 60 miles per hour for 5 hours. How many miles will the car have traveled?
14. A driver is stopped at a red light. When the light turns green, she accelerates at a rate of 2.2 m/s 2 for 6.5 s. How fast is she
driving at the end of the acceleration period?
15. An object initially traveling at 1.0 m/s accelerated to 8.2 m/s in 9.0 seconds. What is its acceleration?
16. A girl drops a stone from a bridge and sees it hit the water 2.4 s later. How far above the water is the bridge?
17. An object is accelerating when _______.
A. its direction changes
B. its velocity changes
C. either or both a & b
D. neither a nor b
18. An object starts from rest and accelerates in a straight line at a constant 6.0 m/s 2. After 3.0 seconds, how far has it traveled?
19. A vector is 24 m/s, 17° N of W. The magnitude of the vector is ________________.
20. The vector addition of two forces of 7 N and 9 N may have _____________________ .
A. a zero value
B. a value less than 2 N
C. a value greater than 16 N
D. a value from 2 N to 16 N
21. A resultant vector is found to be 1880 units, 24.5 o S of W. Calculate the magnitude of the westward component.
22. A man is pushing a baby stroller with a force of 55 N. The handle makes an angle with the road of 23°. What is the vertical
component of this force?
23. An airplane flies southward with a velocity of 922 km/h. There is a brisk tailwind (meaning blowing on the tail of the plane)
with a velocity of 25 km/h. What is the resultant velocity of the plane?
24. What is the resultant of two component vectors of 78.3 units W and 15.2 units N?
25. On earth, the acceleration due to gravity is represented by the symbol ______ and has a value of ___________.
26. If you ignore air resistance, which means an object is in ______________ ______________, all objects fall at a constant
(velocity, speed, acceleration) regardless of their mass.
27. In projectile motion, the rising and falling times of the object are equal if the launching position is (above, below, at the same
height as) the landing position.
28. What angle maximizes the range of a projectile? ____________________________
29. A moving van is moving at a constant velocity. Inside the moving van, a steel ball is dropped from the midpoint of the ceiling
and strikes the floor below. The steel ball strikes the floor ____________________.
A. exactly below the midpoint of the ceiling.
B. ahead of the midpoint of the ceiling.
C. behind the midpoint of the ceiling.
D. not enough information given.
30. A ball is thrown straight up with a speed of 60 m/s. What is the velocity of the ball at the highest point?__________________
What is its acceleration at the highest point? _____________________
31. A pilot drops a bomb from a plane flying horizontally. When the bomb hits the ground, the horizontal location of the plane will
______________.
A. be behind the bomb
B. be over the bomb
C. be in front of the bomb
D. depend on the speed of the plane when the bomb was released
32. A ball rolls off a 2.3 m high table and lands on the floor 1.5 m away from the table.
DATA
A.
How long does it take the ball to reach the floor?
Equation:
B.
Plug in with circled answer:
How fast was the ball rolling when it fell from the table?
Equation:
Plug in with circled answer:
33. For an object moving along a trajectory, the horizontal velocity of the object _?_ as the position changes.
A.
increases
B.
is constant
C.
decreases
34. Use the following diagram of a horizontal projectile to answer the following questions:
a. What happens to the horizontal velocity (vx) as the object falls?
b. What happens to the vertical velocity (vy) as the object falls?
c. vx and vy are completely __________________ of each other.
35. Use the following diagram of a projectile launched at an angle to answer the following questions:
a.
b.
c.
vx and vy are completely ____________ of each other.
What value does the vy have at the highest point in the
trajectory? __________________
What value does the acceleration due to gravity have
throughout the trajectory? _____________________
36. Two meatballs roll over the edge of a table. One meatball has a speed of 1 m/s, the other has a speed of 4 m/s. If they leave
the table at the same time, then which meatball will hit the ground first? Assume no air resistance.
A. the faster one
B. the slower one
37. Bullet G is dropped, from rest, at the same time that another bullet H is fired horizontally from a rifle. If both bullets leave
from the same height above the ground, then _____________.
A. bullet G hits the ground before bullet H does.
B. both bullets hit the ground at the same time.
C. bullet H hits the ground before bullet G does.
D. not enough information is given to compare when they hit.
E. both hit at the same time
38. Projectiles are objects that are given an initial velocity and then move only under the influence of __________.
39. The weakest of the four fundamental forces in nature is the _____________________ force.
40. A box decelerates as it moves to the right along a horizontal surface, as shown in the diagram below.
Draw a vector representing the force of friction on the box:
41. A certain force of F gives a mass M an acceleration of a. Therefore, force F will give a mass of 2M an acceleration of_______.
A. 2a
B. a
C. a/2
D. a/4
42. If the force of gravity on a balloon is 3000 N, and the lift force provided by the atmosphere is 3300 N, in which direction is the
net force acting? ______________________________
43. A child’s toy is suspended from the ceiling by means of a string. The earth pulls downward on the toy with its weight force
of 8 N. If this is the "action force", what is the "reaction force"?
A. The string pulling upward on the toy with an 8 N force
B. The ceiling pulls upward on the string with an 8 N force.
C. The string pulls downward on the ceiling with an 8 N force.
D. The toy pulls upward on the earth with an 8 N force.
44. A measure of the amount of matter in an object is its (mass, weight), which is a quantitative measurement of the object’s
__________________________ (a ___________________ to a change in the motion of an object).
45. According to Newton's _______ Law of Motion, an object with no net, external force acting on it remains at rest or in motion
with a _________________ velocity. This law is also called the Law of ______________________. Simply put, an object
tends to keep doing what it’s doing unless a net, external force acts on it.
46. Newton's second law of motion tells us that as the net, external force on an object increases, the acceleration of the object
_______________. This is also called the Law of _______________________. All objects ___________________ in the
direction of the ____________, external ___________________.
47. For every action force, the reaction force is ______________________ in magnitude but ____________________ in direction.
This is Newton’s ________________ Law, the Law of ___________________________. In baseball, a player hits a ball with
a bat. The physics student knows that the action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. What is the reaction force?
______________________________________________
48. An object sits on a frictionless surface. A 16 N force is applied to the object, and it accelerates at 2.0 m/s2. What is the mass of
the object?
49. Assume that you are driving down a straight road at constant speed. A small ball is tied on the end of a string hanging from the
rear view mirror. Which way will the ball swing when you apply the brakes? ____________________________
50. Which of the following is true of a system in translational equilibrium?
A. The acceleration is zero.
B. The net force is zero.
C. The system is not moving.
D. A and B only.
E. A, B, and C.
51. What is the net force acting on a 135 kg mass that is accelerated at 2.1 m/s 2?
52. Compare and contrast mass and weight:
53. What is the mass of an object that weighs 150 N on earth?
54. What is the weight of a 75 kg man on Earth?
What is the mass of the man on the moon?
55. In the strobe diagram below, the ball is moving from left to right. Which statement best describes the motion?
o
o
o
o
o
o o o oo
The ball is_____________.
A. moving with a constant velocity. B. speeding up. C. slowing down.
D. not accelerating.
56. A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are negligible, the force required to keep
the puck sliding at constant velocity is
A.
zero
B.
a force equal to the weight of the puck
C.
the weight of the puck divided by the mass of the puck
D.
the mass of the puck multiplied by 9.8 m/s2
57. Use the free body diagram below to answer the following questions.
a.
What is the relationship between FN and FW?__________________
b.
What is the relationship between Ff (fk)and Fa?_________________
c.
Which of Newton’s laws applies to this object?_________________
d.
Describe the motion of this object:___________________________
58. Static friction is ( <, =, > ) kinetic (sliding) friction for two surfaces in contact.
59. Compared to an object’s motion, in which direction does friction act?
60. Newton’s Law of ____________________ ___________________ states that every object in the universe is attracted to every
other object in the universe. The Universal Gravitation constant is represented by the symbol ___________.
61. Doubling the distance between two bodies, leaving all other factors the same, results in _________ the force of attraction
between them.
62. Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that varies (directly, inversely) with the product of the
masses.
63. As the distance between two bodies increases, the force of attraction between the bodies ____________________.
64. An object weighing 40 N on the earth's surface would weigh only 10 N when its distance from the center of the earth is ____.
A. doubled
B. halved
C. tripled
D. quadrupled
65. Centripetal forces always act in which direction?
A. towards the center
B. away from the center
C. around the circle
D. tangent to the circle
66. If a stopper on a string is being swung above your head in a horizontal circle and the string breaks, how would the stopper
move?
67. A cord 0.65 m long exerts a centripetal force of 23 N on a whirling 1.0 kg mass tied to the end of the cord. What is the velocity
of the whirling mass?
68. Sue whirls a yo-yo in a horizontal circle. The yo-yo has a mass of 0.20 kg and is attached to a string 0.80 m long. If the yo-yo
moves with a speed of 5.0 m/s, what force does the string exert on the yo-yo?
69. _________________________ is the centripetal force keeping satellites in orbit around the earth.
70. Astronauts feel weightless as they orbit the earth, but if they were truly weightless, they wouldn’t “fall” toward the earth!
(True, False).
71. As they round a curve, passengers in a car often feel as though they are being “pulled out” by what is called a
_____________________ force. What they are actually experiencing is their own __________________.
72. For an object to be rotationally stable its center of gravity must be __________________________ its base of support.
73. A point at which all the weight of an object appears to be concentrated is called the _________________________________.
74. Rotational inertia depends on mass and the ___________________________ of the mass.
75. The boy in the picture is playing see-saw with _?_.
A. an invisible friend
B. the center of gravity of the board
C. He's not ...... This is impossible
76. A water faucet is turned on when a force of 2.0 N is exerted on the handle, at a distance of 0.060 m from the pivot point. How
much torque must be produced to turn the handle?
77. A uniform meter stick, supported at the 40.0 cm mark, is balanced when a 1.5 N weight is hung at the 0.0 cm mark. What is
the weight of the meter stick?
78. Calculate the net torque of the system below.
SHOW WORK BELOW!
8.0m
3.2 N
5.6 N
2.0 N
1.0m
5.0m
6.8 N
79. A loading ramp is a typical example of a(n) _______________________.
80. A machine can
A.
multiply energy and force.
B.
multiply neither energy nor force.
C.
multiply force but not energy.
D.
multiply energy but not force.
81. A high jumper weighs 650 Newtons. What work does the jumper perform in jumping over a bar 1.8 meters high?
82. A student lifts a physics book that weighs 20 N a distance of 1 m. How much work did the student do on the book?
If the student now carries the book across the room, how much work does the student do on the book?
83. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be _________________ nor ________________; it may,
however, change ___________________.
84. An 80.0 kg climber climbs 8848 m to the top of Mount Everest. What is the climber's potential energy?
85. A ball drops some distance and loses 30 Joules of gravitational potential energy. Ignoring air resistance, how much kinetic
energy did the ball gain?
86. An object with a mass of 10.0 kg is moving at a speed of 2.0 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy in joules.
87. As a rock is rolling down the cliff, the potential energy is ______.
A. decreasing while the kinetic energy is increasing
B. increasing while the kinetic energy is decreasing
C. decreasing while the kinetic energy is decreasing as well
D. not changing and always remains the same
88. A 1800 kg car is parked at the top of a hill 4.7 m high.
A. What is the gravitational potential energy of the car?
B. The car's brakes fail and it rolls down the hill. At the bottom of the hill, what is the potential energy of the car?
C. At the bottom of the hill, what is the kinetic energy of the car?
D. What is the velocity of the car when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
89. If both the mass and the velocity of a ball are tripled, the kinetic energy of the ball is increased by a factor of ___________.
90. Power is defined as __________________________________.
91. A girl weighing 425 N climbs a flight of stairs 14 m high in 43 seconds. What is her power output?
92. A mover slides a refrigerator weighing 680 N uniformly across the floor a distance of 6.1 m. The force of friction between the
refrigerator and the floor is 250 N. How much work has the mover done?
93. A pulley system lifts a 1345N weight a distance of 0.975 m. The person using the ststem pulls the rope a distance of 3.90m,
exerting a force of 375 N.
A. What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the system?
B. What is the mechanical advantage of the system?
C. What is the efficiency of the system?
94. In the game of pool, the white cue ball hits the #5 ball and stops, while the #5 ball moves away with the same velocity that the
cue ball had originally. This type of collision is (elastic, inelastic).
95. A 4 kg ball is thrown at 2 m/s. The ball’s momentum is ________________.
96. A bug hits your windshield as you’re driving down Dogwood Road. Splat. Tell if the following statements are true or false:
The forces of impact on the bug and on the car are the same. ______________
The impulses on the bug and on the car are the same. ________________
The changes in speed of the bug and of the car are the same. ________________
The changes in momentum of the bug and of the car are the same. ______________
97. Two identical cars moving at the same velocity crash, finally coming to a stop. One crashes into a hay stack, the other into a
brick wall.
Which experiences the greater impulse?___________________
Which experience the greater change in momentum?____________________
Why would crashing into the hay stack damage the car less based on the Impulse-Momentum change theorem?
98. The greatest change in momentum will be produced by
A. a large force acting over a long time
B. a small force acting over a short time
C. a large force acting over a short time
99. Anthony and Sissy are participating in the "Roll-a-Rama" skating dance championship. While 70.0 kg Anthony skates at
3.0 m/s, 60.0 kg Sissy skates in the same direction with a velocity of 5.0 m/s. When she jumps onto his back, how fast does
the pair roll together?
100. A glider with a mass of 0.355 kg moves along a friction-free air track with a velocity of 0.095 m/s. It collides with a second
glider with a mass of 0.710 kg moving in the same direction at a speed of 0.045 m/s. After the collision, the first glider
continues in the same direction with a velocity of 0.035 m/s. What is the velocity of the second glider after the collision?
101. When the Brookwood High School kicker kicks a long field goal, he follows through to
A. look good to the cheerleaders.
B. increase the time of contact with the ball.
C decrease the momentum of the ball.
A. decrease the force on his toes.
102. A system is said to be closed if
A. no net external force acts on it
B. the momentum of each object in the system remains constant
C. objects cannot enter or leave the system
D. objects can enter, but not leave, the system
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