SICB 2009 Annual Meeting Abstracts
... eggs which were frozen for subsequent yolk steroid analyses. Blood samples were collected from all lizards at the end of the study. We found that breeding density had no affect on body condition for either males or females, although body condition declined overall for males. We also found that, cons ...
... eggs which were frozen for subsequent yolk steroid analyses. Blood samples were collected from all lizards at the end of the study. We found that breeding density had no affect on body condition for either males or females, although body condition declined overall for males. We also found that, cons ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... (hereafter “social pairing,” Appendix S1). Some degree of extrapair reproduction commonly occurs in such systems, potentially allowing females to adjust the coefficient of inbreeding (f) of their offspring, and allowing males to accrue additional reproductive success (Reid et al. 2011b, 2015a). Howe ...
... (hereafter “social pairing,” Appendix S1). Some degree of extrapair reproduction commonly occurs in such systems, potentially allowing females to adjust the coefficient of inbreeding (f) of their offspring, and allowing males to accrue additional reproductive success (Reid et al. 2011b, 2015a). Howe ...
SICB 2009 Annual Meeting Abstracts
... eggs which were frozen for subsequent yolk steroid analyses. Blood samples were collected from all lizards at the end of the study. We found that breeding density had no affect on body condition for either males or females, although body condition declined overall for males. We also found that, cons ...
... eggs which were frozen for subsequent yolk steroid analyses. Blood samples were collected from all lizards at the end of the study. We found that breeding density had no affect on body condition for either males or females, although body condition declined overall for males. We also found that, cons ...
B1 topic 1 questions
... (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. Characteristics such as colour are coded for by alleles. An allele is ...
... (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. Characteristics such as colour are coded for by alleles. An allele is ...
Anther evolution: pollen presentation strategies when pollinators differ
... combing their bodies with specially modified groups of leg hairs that effectively sweep pollen into collection organs (scopae or corbiculae), where it has little or no chance of being deposited on a stigma (Rademaker et al. 1997). Hummingbirds, in contrast, tend to preen only between bouts, and they ...
... combing their bodies with specially modified groups of leg hairs that effectively sweep pollen into collection organs (scopae or corbiculae), where it has little or no chance of being deposited on a stigma (Rademaker et al. 1997). Hummingbirds, in contrast, tend to preen only between bouts, and they ...
Gene functional trade-offs and the evolution of pleiotropy
... differentially to organismal fitness. The shape of trade-offs is similarly important in ecological models exploring the evolution of specialists versus generalists (Levins, 1968; Egas et al., 2004; Ravigné et al., 2009; Débarre and Gandon, 2010). Indeed, the topics are intricately related, as gene ...
... differentially to organismal fitness. The shape of trade-offs is similarly important in ecological models exploring the evolution of specialists versus generalists (Levins, 1968; Egas et al., 2004; Ravigné et al., 2009; Débarre and Gandon, 2010). Indeed, the topics are intricately related, as gene ...
Why Don`t Antibiotics Work Like They Used To? (Bend 1
... ● Natural selection leads to adaptation, that is, to a population dominated by organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and physiologically well suited to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. That is, the differential survival and reproduction of organisms in a population that have ...
... ● Natural selection leads to adaptation, that is, to a population dominated by organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and physiologically well suited to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. That is, the differential survival and reproduction of organisms in a population that have ...
Complementation, Genetic Conflict, and the
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
Local adaptation, evolutionary potential and host - MiVEGEC
... Both hosts and parasites are haploid and reproduce asexually. The genetic determinism of infectivity (and resistance) follows the assumptions of a Matching Allele Model (MAM) of interaction (Frank, 1991, 1994; Gandon et al., 1996). Under this model, hosts resist when, at least, one matching between ...
... Both hosts and parasites are haploid and reproduce asexually. The genetic determinism of infectivity (and resistance) follows the assumptions of a Matching Allele Model (MAM) of interaction (Frank, 1991, 1994; Gandon et al., 1996). Under this model, hosts resist when, at least, one matching between ...
Complementation, genetic conflict, and the evolution of sex
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
... divisions (endomitosis), by fusion of meiotic products after the 2 divisions (automixis) or by the suppression of one division (meiotic apomixis). Therefore, I have listed all plausible types including meiotic apomixis in which the second division is skipped, because it is plausible in principle, al ...
Evolution of Ethics in the Island of Doctor Moreau and Heart of
... of divergent facets in Huxley’s work, and the necessity of a closer scholarly examination. Historians such as Peter Bowler argue for a re-classification of Huxley as “pseudo-Darwinian” on the basis that “it now appears that Huxley was interested in selection only as a possible mechanism of evolution ...
... of divergent facets in Huxley’s work, and the necessity of a closer scholarly examination. Historians such as Peter Bowler argue for a re-classification of Huxley as “pseudo-Darwinian” on the basis that “it now appears that Huxley was interested in selection only as a possible mechanism of evolution ...
Why Natural Selection cannot Explain Rationality
... there are two definitions of rationality, the “technical” and the “action” definitions [Khalil, 2007a]. The technical definition is about consistency [Kreps, 1990], which involves two major axioms: Are the agent’s preferences well-ordered (the transitivity axiom) and do they cover all the bundles or ...
... there are two definitions of rationality, the “technical” and the “action” definitions [Khalil, 2007a]. The technical definition is about consistency [Kreps, 1990], which involves two major axioms: Are the agent’s preferences well-ordered (the transitivity axiom) and do they cover all the bundles or ...
Biology - Fairfield Area School District
... Unit Essential Question(s): 1. What is cell theory? 2. What is the structure and function of eukaryote organelles? 3. What is the structure and function of the cell membrane? 4. What are the similarities and differences between diffusion and osmosis? 5. How does the cell use active transport, endocy ...
... Unit Essential Question(s): 1. What is cell theory? 2. What is the structure and function of eukaryote organelles? 3. What is the structure and function of the cell membrane? 4. What are the similarities and differences between diffusion and osmosis? 5. How does the cell use active transport, endocy ...
The Elusive Clone – In Search of Its True Nature and Identity
... are the conditions that have to be matched? Chapter 8 deals with the phenomena of geographic parthenogenesis and presents a new theory on how hybridisation could have caused the patterns in both plants and animals. The third part of the book deals with more philosophical questions, which have noneth ...
... are the conditions that have to be matched? Chapter 8 deals with the phenomena of geographic parthenogenesis and presents a new theory on how hybridisation could have caused the patterns in both plants and animals. The third part of the book deals with more philosophical questions, which have noneth ...
Cultural selection
... a beneficial trait or ability by learning, is able to transmit this acquired trait to its offspring (Lamarck 1809). The idea that acquired traits can be inherited is called lamarckism after him. Half a century later the english biologist Charles Darwin published the famous book "On the origin of Spe ...
... a beneficial trait or ability by learning, is able to transmit this acquired trait to its offspring (Lamarck 1809). The idea that acquired traits can be inherited is called lamarckism after him. Half a century later the english biologist Charles Darwin published the famous book "On the origin of Spe ...
Darwin - Fleming College
... suite the capture of the bird’s prevalent food source, whether it be seeds, insects or fish Surmised that the birds had descended from a single parent species, rather than each springing up independently Thus acknowledge idea of evolution ...
... suite the capture of the bird’s prevalent food source, whether it be seeds, insects or fish Surmised that the birds had descended from a single parent species, rather than each springing up independently Thus acknowledge idea of evolution ...
The Peppered moth: decline of a Darwinian disciple
... ‘A while back creationists on the lists I subscribe to, and elsewhere in the “real” world and cyberspace, began crowing over the death of the peppered moth as “an example of evolution”. The references cited are a book review by Jerry Coyne in Nature of Michael Majerus’s Melanism: Evolution in Action ...
... ‘A while back creationists on the lists I subscribe to, and elsewhere in the “real” world and cyberspace, began crowing over the death of the peppered moth as “an example of evolution”. The references cited are a book review by Jerry Coyne in Nature of Michael Majerus’s Melanism: Evolution in Action ...
Evolutionary Dynamics of Nitrogen Fixation in the Legume–Rhizobia
... The stabilization of host–symbiont mutualism against the emergence of parasitic individuals is pivotal to the evolution of cooperation. One of the most famous symbioses occurs between legumes and their colonizing rhizobia, in which rhizobia extract nutrients (or benefits) from legume plants while su ...
... The stabilization of host–symbiont mutualism against the emergence of parasitic individuals is pivotal to the evolution of cooperation. One of the most famous symbioses occurs between legumes and their colonizing rhizobia, in which rhizobia extract nutrients (or benefits) from legume plants while su ...
Biology Unit B1 - Topic 1
... Explain how organisms are adapted to their environment and how some organisms have characteristics that enable them to survive in extreme environments, including deep-sea hydrothermal vents and polar regions Demonstrate an understanding of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection including: ...
... Explain how organisms are adapted to their environment and how some organisms have characteristics that enable them to survive in extreme environments, including deep-sea hydrothermal vents and polar regions Demonstrate an understanding of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection including: ...
Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts
... evolutionary consequences, it is essential to consider how plasticity is manifested if we are to understand the contribution of plasticity to phenotypic evolution. Most morphological traits are developmentally plastic, irreversible, and generally considered to be costly, at least when the resultant ...
... evolutionary consequences, it is essential to consider how plasticity is manifested if we are to understand the contribution of plasticity to phenotypic evolution. Most morphological traits are developmentally plastic, irreversible, and generally considered to be costly, at least when the resultant ...
Simulation 1: Big Claws vs. Small Claws The Crabolution activity
... E. Prior knowledge that students need to understand this lesson - with an assessment to determine what they already know (if appropriate). ...
... E. Prior knowledge that students need to understand this lesson - with an assessment to determine what they already know (if appropriate). ...
Why We Take Risks - University of Oregon
... miss the point, Zahavi said. And Darwin was narrow-minded to call it evolution by sexual selection, because handicap displays, or signals, aren't just about winning mates; they're also about scaring off rivals. He should have called it evolution by signal selection. Having entered Amotz Zahavi's up ...
... miss the point, Zahavi said. And Darwin was narrow-minded to call it evolution by sexual selection, because handicap displays, or signals, aren't just about winning mates; they're also about scaring off rivals. He should have called it evolution by signal selection. Having entered Amotz Zahavi's up ...
here - Imedea
... to test the hypotheses addressed here of fitness benefits associated with early emergence. Thus, for each experiment we numbered cohorts from 1 (the most precocious) to n (the latest). The effect size selected for the meta-analyses was the Fisher’s z transformation of the Pearson’s productmoment cor ...
... to test the hypotheses addressed here of fitness benefits associated with early emergence. Thus, for each experiment we numbered cohorts from 1 (the most precocious) to n (the latest). The effect size selected for the meta-analyses was the Fisher’s z transformation of the Pearson’s productmoment cor ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.