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B1 topic 1 questions
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Questions
Q1.
The diagram shows the genetic inheritance of cystic fibrosis (CF) in a family.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by the CF recessive allele.
(i) What is an allele?
Put a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A a change in a chromosome
B a characteristic caused by a gene
C an alternative form of a different gene
D an alternative form of the same gene
(ii) Both parents are carriers of the CF allele.
State the term used to describe an individual who is a carrier and has both a dominant and a recessive
allele.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q2.
The peppered moth (Biston betularia) exists in dark and light forms.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
Characteristics such as colour are coded for by alleles.
An allele is
(1)
A a single chromosome
B a single gene
C an alternative form of the same chromosome
D an alternative form of the same gene
(ii) The allele for the dark colour is B and is dominant.
The allele for the light colour is b and is recessive.
Complete the table to show all possible genotypes of dark moths.
(2)
possible genotypes of dark moths
(iii) Complete the Punnett square for a cross between a moth heterozygous for colour and a moth
homozygous recessive for light colour.
(2)
%%%
(iv) Give the ratio of light to dark moths in the Punnett square in (a)(iii).
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q3.
The graph shows the body temperature of 60 people.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
The range in body temperature is
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
0.1
B
1.1
C 11.0
D 11.1
(ii) State the type of variation, shown in the graph, that results in a normal distribution curve.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Calculate the percentage of people with a body temperature of 37.5 °C.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q4.
The photograph shows a bee collecting nectar from a flower.
(a) Nectar is made from glucose produced by plants.
Name the process that plants use to make glucose.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) (i) When the bee collects nectar from the flower, the plant benefits because the pollen sticks to the
bee and is carried
to another flower.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The relationship between the bee and the plant is an example of
(1)
A decomposing
B eutrophication
C mutualism
D parasitism
(ii) Some bees have evolved a new method of collecting nectar from flowers.
They drill a small hole in the base of the flower and collect the nectar through the hole.
This means the pollen does not stick to the bee.
Suggest why this is an advantage to the bees.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Bees can sting people.
State the physical barrier of the human body that would have to be broken by the bee sting.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(d) Honey produced by bees is a natural antiseptic.
Describe how antiseptics can be used, during food preparation, to prevent the spread of infections.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(e) Explain how the human body uses chemical defences to prevent infections.
(3)
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(Total for Question is 10 marks)
Q5.
Fossils of the Cave Bear, shown in the photograph, have been found in Devon.
The Cave Bear was an omnivore. It ate animals, grass and berries.
The Cave Bear is classified as a member of the family Ursidae.
The Cave Bear was assigned the binomial name Ursus spelaeus.
Use words from the box to complete the sentence about the classification of the Cave Bear.
(2)
Ursus refers to the .............................................. that the Cave Bear belongs to and
spelaeus indicates the ........................................... of the Cave Bear.
Q6.
The photograph shows the Californian puffball.
This is a type of fungus.
(i) Which of the following is the correct way of writing the binomial name of the Californian puffball?
Put a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
LYCOPERDON PERLATUM
B
lycoperdon perlatum
C
Lycoperdonperlatum
D
lycoperdonPerlatum
(ii) Which row of the table shows the correct description for a binomial name?
Put a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
(iii) Describe the main characteristics of the cells of organisms in the kingdom Fungi.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(iv) Describe how organisms in the kingdom Fungi feed.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q7.
Both white herring gulls and (Alaskan) lesser black backed gulls are found in Britain.
White herring gulls are unable to breed with (Alaskan) lesser black backed gulls.
White herring gulls can breed with American herring gulls.
American herring gulls can breed with (Alaskan) lesser black backed gulls. white herring gull (Alaskan)
lesser black backed gull
The binomial term for the white herring gull is Larus argentatus.
State the level of classification that Larus in the binomial name refers to.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q8.
Research shows that overweight people may develop Type 2 diabetes.
Body Mass Index (BMI) can be used to identify people who are overweight.
BMI can be calculated using the equation:
(i) Calculate the BMI for a person who has a mass of 77 kilograms and a height of 1.6 metres.
(2)
BMI = ...........................................................
(ii) Scientific research has shown a link between high BMI and the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Describe how the scientific community would validate this research.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
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Q9.
Camels belong to the phylum Chordata.
The drawing shows a dromedary camel that has the binomial name Camelus dromedaries.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The second part of the binomial name, dromedaries, refers to the
(1)
A class
B genus
C order
D species
(ii) State one feature that all members of the phylum Chordata have in common.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Members of the phylum Chordata can be further classified by how they regulate their body
temperature.
Reptiles are poikilothermic and mammals are homeothermic.
Explain how reptiles and mammals regulate their body temperature.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q10.
Describe the causes of variation in a population.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
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Q11.
The diagram shows a cell.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
Structure P is the
(1)
A
chloroplast
B
gene
C
cytoplasm
D
nucleus
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
Structure Q is a
(1)
A
chromosome
B
cell wall
C
cell membrane
D
phenotype
(iii) A gene can exist in alternative forms.
State the genetic term used for an alternative form of the same gene.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
Q12.
Russula silvicola is a multicellular organism that does not have chlorophyll.
State two characteristics of the kingdom Plantae.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q13.
Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in one of the bases coding for an amino acid on chromosome
11.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The part of the cell that contains chromosome 11 is the
(1)
A
cytoplasm
B
cell membrane
C
nucleus
D
cell wall
(Total for question = 1 mark)
Q14.
The diagram shows a chromosome.
(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
(2)
Chromosomes have sections which code for specific characteristics.
Each characteristic is coded for by a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . These exist in alternative forms called . . . . .
...........
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
In a human body cell, chromosomes are found in the
(1)
A cell membrane
B cytoplasm
C DNA
D nucleus
Q15.
Tigers are classified as vertebrates.
The binomial name for the tiger is Panthera tigris.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The word Panthera in the tiger’s binomial name refers to its
(1)
A class
B genus
C order
D species
(ii) State the phylum that includes mammals such as tigers.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q16.
Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes.
State two characteristics of prokaryotes.
(2)
1
........................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
2
........................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q17.
* Describe how scientists classify vertebrates into different groups.
(6)
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Q18.
Fossils of the Cave Bear, shown in the photograph, have been found in Devon.
The Cave Bear was an omnivore. It ate animals, grass and berries.
The Cave Bear is classified as a member of the family Ursidae.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
All organisms in the family Ursidae belong to the kingdom
(1)
A Animalia
B Plantae
C Prokaryotae
D Protoctista
Q19.
The photograph shows the mushroom, Russula silvicola.
Russula silvicola is a multicellular organism that does not have chlorophyll.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Russula silvicola belongs to the kingdom
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A Animalia
B Fungi
C Prokaryotes
D Protoctista
(ii) Russula silvicola is the binomial name of this mushroom.
Draw one straight line from each part of the binomial name to its classification.
(2)
Q20.
All vertebrates have a backbone and are classified into groups.
(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentences about one method of classification.
(2)
Once fertilisation has occurred some vertebrates lay eggs.
Vertebrates that lay eggs are known as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vertebrates that give birth to live young are known as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe two other methods scientists can use to place vertebrates into groups.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q21.
(i) The kingdom Animalia includes vertebrates and invertebrates.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Vertebrates have
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
a supporting rod running the length of their body
B
cells that contain chloroplasts
C
the ability to feed saprophytically
D
the ability to feed autotrophically
(ii) There are several groups of vertebrate.
Which group absorbs oxygen using gills?
Put a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
birds
B
fish
C
mammals
D
reptiles
Q22.
John produced a key to classify organisms into their kingdoms.
The names of the kingdoms are shown in the box.
Use words from the box to complete the key. One has been done for you.
(4)
Q23.
Some organisms can form hybrids.
Explain how a hybrid is formed.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q24.
Classification
(a) Tigers are classified as vertebrates.
The binomial name for the tiger is Panthera tigris.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The word Panthera in the tiger’s binomial name refers to its
(1)
A class
B genus
C order
D species
(ii) State the phylum that includes mammals such as tigers.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes.
State two characteristics of prokaryotes.
(2)
1
........................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
2
........................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Explain why it is difficult to classify some living organisms.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
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*(d) Describe how scientists classify vertebrates into different groups.
(6)
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Q25.
The photograph shows a single-celled bacterium.
(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Bacteria are classified into the kingdom
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A animalia
B plantae
C fungi
D prokaryota
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Bacteria do not contain
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A a cell membrane
B a cell wall
C a nucleus
D chromosomes
(b) Viruses are not classified into any kingdom.
Describe what a virus does after it has entered its host.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) All vertebrates have a backbone and are classified into groups.
(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentences about one method of classification.
(2)
Once fertilisation has occurred some vertebrates lay eggs.
Vertebrates that lay eggs are known as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vertebrates that give birth to live young are known as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe two other methods scientists can use to place vertebrates into groups.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question is 8 marks)
Q26.
Classification
(a) Camels belong to the phylum Chordata.
The drawing shows a dromedary camel that has the binomial name Camelus dromedaries.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The second part of the binomial name, dromedaries, refers to the
(1)
A class
B genus
C order
D species
(ii) State one feature that all members of the phylum Chordata have in common.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Members of the phylum Chordata can be further classified by how they regulate their body
temperature.
Reptiles are poikilothermic and mammals are homeothermic.
Explain how reptiles and mammals regulate their body temperature.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) Scientists classify organisms into five different kingdoms.
Draw one straight line from each description to its correct kingdom.
(2)
(c) Viruses are not classified into any of the five kingdoms.
Suggest reasons for this.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q27.
The photograph shows the mushroom, Russula silvicola.
Russula silvicola is a multicellular organism that does not have chlorophyll.
(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Russula silvicola belongs to the kingdom
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A Animalia
B Fungi
C Prokaryotes
D Protoctista
(ii) Russula silvicola is the binomial name of this mushroom.
Draw one straight line from each part of the binomial name to its classification.
(2)
(b) State two characteristics of the kingdom Plantae.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) (i) Vertebrates belong to the kingdom Animalia.
Use words from the box to complete the following sentence.
(2)
Vertebrates are members of the phylum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and most have a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
running the length of the body.
(ii) State the structures that vertebrate organisms use to absorb oxygen from their surroundings.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question is 10 marks)
Q28.
Scientists classify organisms into five different kingdoms.
Draw one straight line from each description to its correct kingdom.
(2)
Q29.
Viruses are not classified into any of the five kingdoms.
Suggest reasons for this.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
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Q30.
The graph shows the variation in height.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
The range in heights of the students is due to
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A environmental influences only
B genetic influences only
C environmental and genetic influences
D neither environmental nor genetic influences
(ii) Describe the variation in height of these students, as shown in the graph.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
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Q31.
(a) Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder.
Two parents, Paul and Sue, each have the same genotype Ff for cystic fibrosis.
(i) Complete the Punnett square to show the possible genotypes of the offspring of Paul and Sue.
(1)
(ii) State the probability that Paul and Sue will have a child with cystic fibrosis.
(1)
...........................................................
(b) Explain why a person can be underweight due to cystic fibrosis.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
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Q32.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disorder.
Matthew and Selina both have the genotype Ff.
They are carriers of this disorder.
The diagram shows how CF was passed down from Matthew and Selina to their children.
(i) State the percentage of the male children with CF.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the genotypes of Chris and Megan for cystic fibrosis.
(2)
Chris ..................................................................................................................................
Megan ................................................................................................................................
(iii) Explain why Matthew and Selina, who do not have cystic fibrosis, can have a child with cystic fibrosis.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................................
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(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q33.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by the inheritance of two recessive alleles.
Describe the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
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Q34.
The diagram shows the genetic inheritance of cystic fibrosis (CF) in a family.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by the CF recessive allele.
Describe how cystic fibrosis can cause problems with the absorption of food and oxygen in a person with
this disorder.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
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Q35.
The diagram shows the genetic inheritance of cystic fibrosis (CF) in a family.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by the CF recessive allele.
(i) Complete the Punnett square to show how cystic fibrosis is inherited if both parents are carriers (Bb).
(2)
(ii) Give the percentage chance of a child being a carrier of CF when both parents are carriers of CF.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q36.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by recessive alleles.
The diagram shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in a family.
(i) State the number of offspring in generation III who will have the disorder cystic fibrosis.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
In generation III, individual 3 is
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A a carrier of the cystic fibrosis allele
B heterozygous for cystic fibrosis
C homozygous dominant for cystic fibrosis
D homozygous recessive for cystic fibrosis
(iii) Explain why both individuals in generation II must be heterozygous for cystic fibrosis.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
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Q37.
Scientists investigated one aspect of diet on the growth of six people.
When the six people were babies, they had different masses of calcium in their diets.
The height of each person was recorded when they were 10 and 18 years old.
The results are shown in the table.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The person with the most growth between 10 and 18 years had a daily diet containing
(1)
A
300 mg calcium per day
B
700 mg calcium per day
C
900 mg calcium per day
D 1100 mg calcium per day
(ii) Calculate the average rate of growth per year between the age of 10 and 18 for person 3.
(2)
answer = ......................................................cm per year
(iii) Describe the effect of the mass of calcium in the diet of a baby on their height at the age of 10
and 18.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
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(iv) Height can be illustrated by a normal distribution curve.
Give the name of this type of variation.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q38.
Classification
Fossils of the Cave Bear, shown in the photograph, have been found in Devon.
The Cave Bear was an omnivore. It ate animals, grass and berries.
The Cave Bear is classified as a member of the family Ursidae.
(a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
All organisms in the family Ursidae belong to the kingdom
(1)
A Animalia
B Plantae
C Prokaryotae
D Protoctista
(b) The Cave Bear was assigned the binomial name Ursus spelaeus.
Use words from the box to complete the sentence about the classification of the Cave Bear.
(2)
Ursus refers to the .............................................. that the Cave Bear belongs to and
spelaeus indicates the ........................................... of the Cave Bear.
(c) All organisms from the family Ursidae are vertebrates.
Using the information in the photograph, explain why scientists classified the Cave Bear as a vertebrate.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(d) It is thought that the Cave Bear may have become extinct due to human activities.
Suggest how natural selection can result in the extinction of a species.
(3)
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Q39.
Classification
(a) All the organisms in the diagram belong to one Kingdom.
(i) Which Kingdom do these organisms belong to?
Place a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
Animalia
B
Fungi
C
Protoctista
D
Prokaryotes
(ii) In which structure are the chromosomes of these organisms found?
Place a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
cilia
B
chloroplast
C
flagellum
D
nucleus
(iii) Suggest one reason why both Euglena and Chlamydomonas could be placed into the Kingdom
Plantae.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) (i) Euglena is unusual because it is both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Explain how this helps Euglena to survive.
(3)
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(ii) A scientist discovered a new species of Euglena in boiling acidic mud in Costa Rica.
Explain how this discovery could be validated by the scientific community.
(2)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q40.
Classification
(a) The diagram shows a unicellular freshwater organism called Euglena.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
Using the information above, Euglena is placed in the kingdom
(1)
A Animalia
B Prokaryota
C Plantae
D Protoctista
(ii) State the function of the nucleus in the Euglena.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Describe the function of chloroplasts in the Euglena.
(2)
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(iv) Explain why Euglena is a difficult organism to classify.
(2)
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(b) Explain why viruses have not been classified in any of the five kingdoms.
(2)
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Mark Scheme
Q1.
Question
Number
(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
Question
Number
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
(ii)
heterozygous
Accept recognisable
spelling
(1)
Question
Number
(i)
Question
Number
(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
(1)
D
Q2.
Question
Number
(iii)
Question
Number
(iv)
D
Answer
Accept any two of
the genotypes in any
order
Acceptable answers
(2)
Mark
1 mark for correct
parental gametes 1
mark for correct
offspring
Answer
Acceptable answers
(2)
Mark
2:2
e.c.f
(1)
Answer
Acceptable
answers
Mark
Answer
Q3.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
B – 1.1
continuous (data /
variation)
18
⁄60 (1) 0.3 × 100 =
30(%) (1) Or 0.33 ×
100 = 33(%) (1)
(1)
(1)
correct answer 2
marks
(2)
Q4.
Answer
(a)
(b)(i)
(b)(ii)
(c)
(d)
(e)
photosynthesis (1)
C - mutualism
A suggestion
including two of the
following:
 bees do not have
the burden of
carrying pollen (1)
 bees use less
energy (1)
 bee able to fly /
move more easily /
aerodynamic /
quicker (1)
 more nectar
collected (1)
 avoiding
predators (1)
skin (1)
A description
including two of the
following:
 can be used to
wash hands (1)
 can be used for
cleaning surfaces (1)
 to kill / destroy
the pathogens /
bacteria (1)
A explanation
including three of the
following:
 acid (1)
 (in the) stomach
(1)
 lysozymes (1)
 (in) tears / eyes
(1)
 kill / destroy
microorganisms /
pathogens (1)
Acceptable
answers
Mark
(1)
(1)
Ignore non specific
references to
'survival of the fittest'
Accept "bees are
lighter" Ignore:
"pollen does not stick
to the bee"
(2)
dermis / epidermis
Accept: cleaning
equipment Ignore
"get rid of bacteria"
"wipes away
bacteria" "prevent
the spread of
infections"
(1)
(2)
2 marks max for
listing the chemical
defence method
and site (mp1 – 4)
Ignore "get rid of
bacteria"
(3)
Q5.
Question
Number
Answer
 genus (1)
 species (1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
(2)
Q6.
Q7.
Question
Number
Answer
Genus
Q8.
Acceptable answers
Mark
(1)
Q9.
Answer
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
D species
Any one from the
following points
 supporting rod
(1)
 notochord (1)
 spinal cord (1)
An explanation to
include two of the
following points
 reptiles use their
environment (1)
 mammals
maintain body
temperature from
within (1)
Acceptable
answers
Mark
(1)
backbone /
vertebrae / spine
they are all
vertebrates
(1)
use the sun /
shade
thermoregulatory
mechanism / named
thermoregulatory
mechanism e.g.
sweat / shiver /
insulation from fur
 reptiles are cold
blooded (cannot
control) AND
mammals are warm
blooded (can control)
(1)
(2)
Q10.
Answer
A description to
include two of the
following: genetic
(variation) (1) due to
mutation (1) due to
sexual reproduction /
interbreeding /
hybridisation (1)
environmental
(variation) (1)
Q11.
Acceptable
answers
Mark
Accept references to
different genes/DNA
Accept named
environmental
change e.g.change
in climate
(2)
Q12.
Answer
Any two of the
following
photosynthesise (1)
they feed
autotrophically (1)
have chlorophyll (1)
have cell walls
(containing cellulose)
(1) multicellular (1)
Q13.
Q14.
Acceptable
answers
Mark
makes own food
have chloroplasts
(2)
Answer
(i)
(ii)
gene (1) alleles (1)
Note: these MUST
be in the correct
order
D nucleus
Acceptable
answers
Mark
(2)
(1)
Q15.
Question
Number
(i)
Question
Number
(ii)
Answer
B
Answer
chordata
Acceptable answers
Mark
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
chordates accept
any reasonable
spelling of the term
(1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
Q16.
Question
Number
Answer
Any two of the
following
• unicellular (1) • do
not have nucleus /
DNA in cytoplasm (1)
• circular DNA /
plasmids (1)
(2)
Q17.
Question
Number
QWC
Indicative Content
*
Mark
A description
including some of
the following
• physical external
characteristics of
vertebrates such as
fur/ feathers / smooth
skin • vertebrates
can be classed
further through how
they absorb oxygen
• fish have gills to
absorb oxygen from
the water they swim
in • mammals
/reptiles / birds all
have lungs to absorb
oxygen • young
amphibians have
gills but adult
amphibians have
lungs / diffuse
oxygen through
moist skin
• vertebrates can
be classed further
based on their
reproductive method
• external
fertilisation in fish
(water fertilisation
usually) • internal
fertilisation in
mammals /birds
• lay eggs in bird
vertebrates /
oviparous or whether
they give birth to live
young in mammalian
vertebrates /
viviparous
• vertebrates can
be classed further
based on their
thermoregulation
• reptiles will use
poikilothermic
processes to
regulate their body
temperature
• mammals/birds
will use
homeothermic
processes to
(6)
regulate their body
Level
1
0
1-2
2
3-4
3
5-6
Question
Number
Answer
temperature
No rewardable content
• a limited description of one or more
method of the classification of vertebrates
probably limited to physical external
characteristics • the answer communicates
ideas using simple language and uses
limited scientific terminology • spelling,
punctuation and grammar are used with
limited accuracy
• a simple description of two or more
methods of classification of vertebrates of
which one must be thermoregulation,
fertilisation, reproduction or oxygen
absorption • the answer communicates
ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately • spelling, punctuation and
grammar are used with some accuracy
• a detailed description of two or more
methods of the classification of vertebrates
including either oxygen absorption methods,
thermoregulation, fertilisation, reproductive
methods with correct scientific terms
included • the answer communicates ideas
clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately • spelling,
punctuation and grammar are used with few
errors
Q18.
A
Acceptable answers
Mark
(1)
Q19.
Answer
(i)
B
Acceptable
answers
Fungi
Mark
(1)
Answer
Mark
(ii)
(2)
Q20.
Answer
Acceptable
answers
(i)
(ii)
Q21.
Mark
(2)
 oviparous (1)
 viviparous (1)
Answers MUST be in
this order
A description to
include any two of
the following points
 oxygen
absorption (1)
 reproduction (1)
 thermoregulation
(1)
gill use / lung use /
skin use internal /
external
homeothermic /
poikilothermic / cold
blooded / warm
blooded
(2)
Q22.
Q23.
Q24.
Question
Number
(a)(i)
Question
Number
(a)(ii)
Question
Number
(b)
Question
Number
(c)
Question
Number
QWC
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
chordates accept
any reasonable
spelling of the term
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
Any two of the
following
• unicellular (1) • do
not have nucleus /
DNA in cytoplasm (1)
• circular DNA /
plasmids (1)
Answer
Acceptable answers
(2)
Mark
B
Answer
chordata
Answer
an explanation
linking two of the
following • there are
variations within a
species • some
organisms have
similar features /
features that are
common to more
than one group /
species / kingdom(1)
• some closely
related species can
interbreed / breed
with each other (1)
• hybrids can be
produced (1)
allow references to
specific organisms
such as the duck
billed platypus /
axolotl / kiwi
Indicative Content
*(d)
(2)
Mark
A description
including some of
the following
• physical external
characteristics of
vertebrates such as
fur/ feathers / smooth
skin • vertebrates
can be classed
further through how
they absorb oxygen
• fish have gills to
absorb oxygen from
the water they swim
in • mammals
/reptiles / birds all
have lungs to absorb
oxygen • young
(6)
Level
1
0
1-2
2
3-4
3
5-6
amphibians have
gills but adult
amphibians have
lungs / diffuse
oxygen through
moist skin
• vertebrates can
be classed further
based on their
reproductive method
• external
fertilisation in fish
(water fertilisation
usually) • internal
fertilisation in
mammals /birds
• lay eggs in bird
vertebrates /
oviparous or whether
they give birth to live
young in mammalian
vertebrates /
viviparous
• vertebrates can
be classed further
based on their
thermoregulation
• reptiles will use
poikilothermic
processes to
regulate their body
temperature
• mammals/birds
will use
homeothermic
processes to
regulate their body
temperature
No rewardable content
• a limited description of one or more
method of the classification of vertebrates
probably limited to physical external
characteristics • the answer communicates
ideas using simple language and uses
limited scientific terminology • spelling,
punctuation and grammar are used with
limited accuracy
• a simple description of two or more
methods of classification of vertebrates of
which one must be thermoregulation,
fertilisation, reproduction or oxygen
absorption • the answer communicates
ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately • spelling, punctuation and
grammar are used with some accuracy
• a detailed description of two or more
methods of the classification of vertebrates
including either oxygen absorption methods,
thermoregulation, fertilisation, reproductive
methods with correct scientific terms
included • the answer communicates ideas
clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately • spelling,
punctuation and grammar are used with few
errors
Q25.
Answer
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(b)
D - prokaryota
C – a nucleus
A description to
include two of the
following points
 It enters /
attaches to a cell (1)
 causes / spreads
disease / infection
(1)
 makes copies of
itself (1)
 changes the way
the cell works /
changes the (cell)
DNA (1)
Acceptable
answers
(1)
(1)
(2)
allow named cells
allow "takes over the
cell" Ignore "illness"
multiplies /
reproduces
(c) (i)
(c) (ii)
Mark
(2)
 oviparous (1)
 viviparous (1)
Answers MUST be in
this order
A description to
include any two of
the following points
 oxygen
absorption (1)
 reproduction (1)
 thermoregulation
(1)
gill use / lung use /
skin use internal /
external
homeothermic /
poikilothermic / cold
blooded / warm
blooded
(2)
Q26.
Answer
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)
D species
Any one from the
following points
 supporting rod
(1)
 notochord (1)
 spinal cord (1)
An explanation to
include two of the
following points
 reptiles use their
environment (1)
 mammals
maintain body
temperature from
within (1)
Acceptable
answers
Mark
(1)
backbone /
vertebrae / spine
they are all
vertebrates
(1)
use the sun /
shade
thermoregulatory
mechanism / named
thermoregulatory
mechanism e.g.
sweat / shiver /
insulation from fur
 reptiles are cold
blooded (cannot
control) AND
mammals are warm
blooded (can control)
(1)
(2)
(b)
(c)
One mark for each
correct line drawn
from each left hand
box
Deduct each mark if
more than one line is
drawn from the left
hand box
An explanation
linking two of the
following points
 viruses are nonliving (1)
 viruses are not
made up of cells (1)
 viruses do not
possess any cell
organelles (1)
 viruses rely upon
a host to exist (1)
(2)
viruses are not alive
do not have cells a
named process
relying on host
dependence
(2)
Q27.
Answer
a(i)
B
Acceptable
answers
Fungi
Mark
(1)
Answer
Mark
a(ii)
(2)
Answer
(b)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)
Any two of the
following
photosynthesise (1)
they feed
autotrophically (1)
have chlorophyll (1)
have cell walls
(containing cellulose)
(1) multicellular (1)
Chordata (1)
backbone (1)
lungs (1) gills (1)
skin (1)
Acceptable
answers
Mark
makes own food
have chloroplasts
(2)
Answers must be in
this order
(2)
(3)
Q28.
Answer
Acceptable
answers
One mark for each
correct line drawn
from each left hand
box
Deduct each mark if
more than one line is
drawn from the left
hand box
Mark
(2)
Q29.
Answer
An explanation
linking two of the
following points
 viruses are nonliving (1)
 viruses are not
made up of cells (1)
 viruses do not
possess any cell
organelles (1)
 viruses rely upon
a host to exist (1)
Acceptable
answers
Mark
viruses are not alive
do not have cells a
named process
relying on host
dependence
(2)
Q30.
Question
Number
(i)
Question
Number
(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
C
Answer
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
A description
including the
following points:
• continuous
variation / data (1)
• normal distribution
curve (1) • correct
interpretation of data
from the graph (1)
bell shaped curve
e.g most common
height range 150 –
154
(3)
Q31.
Q32.
Q33.
Answer
A description
including the
following points
 reference to
mucus (1)
 location
described e.g. lungs
/ pancreas /
reproductive system
(1)
 consequence
described e.g.
breathing difficulty /
infection / weight
loss due to blocking
of enzymes /
difficulty with
digestion or
absorption / infertility
(1)
Acceptable
answers
Accept three
symptoms described
(3)
Ignore: references
to symptoms of
sickle cell
Mark
Accept – airways for
lungs
Accept fertility
problems for
infertility
Symptoms may
include diabetes (1)
malnutrition (1)
incontinence in
females (1)
sinusitis (1)
nasal polyps (1)
arthritis (1)
(3)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description
including three of
the following points:
 cystic fibrosis
causes thick / sticky
mucus (in the
digestive system and
the lungs) (1)
 this can coat the
lining of the lungs
(and reduce oxygen
absorption across
the lungs)(1)
 because the
surface area of the
lungs are reduced
(1)
 (the mucus can
reduce food
absorption) by
blocking the
pancreas (where
enzymes are
produced) (1)
mucus builds up
clog the lungs
Ignore references to
throat damage to
intestine Accept
other correct
description of CF
problem related to
absorption of food
and oxygen
Q34.
Question
Number
(3)
 the enzymes
cannot then break
down the foods to be
absorbed (1)
Q35.
Question
Number
(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Accept male
gametes are
reversed e.g. bB
correct father
gametes (1) correctly
completed Punnett
square (1)
Question
Number
(ii)
Mark
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
Accept “fifty per
cent”
Do not accept
ratios/fractions
(1)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
2 / two
Answer
(offspring) 2 and 3
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
D
Answer
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
An explanation
linking two of the
following points:
• two of the offspring
from generation II
had CF (1) • the
children with cystic
fibrosis must have
inherited 1 recessive
allele from each
parent / children
must have 2
recessive alleles (1)
• both parents must
have 1 recessive
allele / be carriers of
the CF allele (1)
ORA if homozygous
dominant then no CF
offspring Ignore:
references to genes
ORA if homozygous
recessive offspring
(2)
would have CF
50%
Q36.
Question
Number
(i)
Question
Number
(ii)
Question
Number
(iii)
Q37.
Question
Number
(i)
Question
Number
(ii)
Question
Number
(iii)
Question
Number
(iv)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
D
Answer
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
substitution (1) (163
– 99)= 64
evaluation (1) (64) ÷
8=8
Answer
give two marks for
bald answer
Acceptable answers
(2)
Mark
A description
including three of
the following points
• at age 10 as the
mass of calcium
increased there is
little variation in
height (1) • at age
18 / when older /
later in life as the
mass of calcium
increased height
increases (1) • the
effect of calcium
appears to be
between 10- 18
(rather than at a
younger age) (1)
• correct
manipulation of data
(1)
Answer
‘as calcium
increases, height
increases’ give 1
mark
Acceptable answers
(3)
Mark
continuous
(variation)
(Allow ‘continues’ as
spelling error)
(1)
Q38.
Question
Number
(a)
Answer
Question
Number
(b)
Answer
Acceptable answers
(1)
A
Acceptable answers
 genus (1)
 species (1)
Question
Number
(c)
Question
Number
(d)
Mark
Mark
(2)
Answer
Acceptable answers
An explanation
including the
following points:
 the Cave Bear
has a backbone (1)
 this is
characteristic of
vertebrates (1)
Accept vertebrae /
spine / supporting
rod for backbone
Ignore spinal cord
Accept member of
chordata
Answer
Acceptable answers
An explanation
including the
following points:
 competition for
resources (such as
food / shelter) / other
organisms were
better at competing
for resources (1)
 increased
number of predators
(1)
 if there was
environmental
change the species
may not have been
able to adapt (1)
Accept humans
used caves eq
Accept humans as
predator/hunter
Accept humans
changing the
environment and
other species unable
to adapt
Mark
(2)
Mark
(3)
Q39.
Q40.
Question
Number
(a)(i)
Question
Number
(a)(ii)
Question
Number
(a)(iii)
Question
Number
(a)(iv)
Question
Number
(b)
Answer
D
Answer
controlling the cell's
activities / contains
chromosomes / DNA
Answer
A description
including two of the
following points • a
chloroplast
/chlorophyll captures
energy from sunlight
(1) • into glucose
(1) • by
photosynthesis (1)
Answer
An explanation
linking two of the
following points
• Euglena contains
chloroplasts (1)
• which could place
it onto the plant
kingdom (1)
• Euglena has
(flagella) capable of
movement (1)
• which could place
it onto the animal
kingdom (1)
Answer
An explanation
linking the two
following points
• viruses are
regarded as non–
living (1) • because
viruses do not have
a cell structure
(organelles) /viruses
do not convert food
into energy(1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
Acceptable answers
(1)
Mark
Ignore references to
feeding on sunlight
Acceptable answers
(2)
Mark
Acceptable answers
(2)
Mark
(2)