ANTH151 Human Evolution and Diversity Lecture notes
... o Dawning recognition that we are linked to all life, unbroken tree of speciation - Natural Selection o Species have significant inheritable variation o More individuals are born that can survive to reproduce o Variation affects reproductive success o Species adapt to ecological niches over time o V ...
... o Dawning recognition that we are linked to all life, unbroken tree of speciation - Natural Selection o Species have significant inheritable variation o More individuals are born that can survive to reproduce o Variation affects reproductive success o Species adapt to ecological niches over time o V ...
Evolution Notes - Capital High School
... More grasshoppers are born than can survive Individuals vary in color and color is a heritable trait Green grasshoppers have higher fitness in this ...
... More grasshoppers are born than can survive Individuals vary in color and color is a heritable trait Green grasshoppers have higher fitness in this ...
Biol-1406_Ch14.ppt
... continuous actions similar to those at work today: Sedimentation. – Earth must be older than the proposed 6,000 years; thus there is enough time for evolution to occur – modern geologist: 4.5 billion years old. – Problem: mechanism of change? ...
... continuous actions similar to those at work today: Sedimentation. – Earth must be older than the proposed 6,000 years; thus there is enough time for evolution to occur – modern geologist: 4.5 billion years old. – Problem: mechanism of change? ...
Intro to Darwin and Biodiversity
... processes in the living world. There are so many ecosystems because there is so much life. ...
... processes in the living world. There are so many ecosystems because there is so much life. ...
The evolution of populations Change can be rapid
... Stabilizing selection The intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common in the population Disruptive Selection Both extreme phenotypes are favored in a population. Gene Flow The movement of alleles from one population to another. Genetic Drift – A small population can produce changes in ...
... Stabilizing selection The intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common in the population Disruptive Selection Both extreme phenotypes are favored in a population. Gene Flow The movement of alleles from one population to another. Genetic Drift – A small population can produce changes in ...
Biology - Valley Catholic School
... Know some major events that helped shape life on Earth (example: eukaryotic cells first evolve) and their relative order (i.e. which came first) Endosymbiosis Fossils paleontology definition of fossil several types of body fossils and how they are formed several types of trace fossils an ...
... Know some major events that helped shape life on Earth (example: eukaryotic cells first evolve) and their relative order (i.e. which came first) Endosymbiosis Fossils paleontology definition of fossil several types of body fossils and how they are formed several types of trace fossils an ...
Evidence for Evolution
... many of the accepted ideas of the day. Proposed that species shared ancestors instead of rising separately. – Eramus Darwin- Darwin’s grandfather. Proposed that all living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more complex ...
... many of the accepted ideas of the day. Proposed that species shared ancestors instead of rising separately. – Eramus Darwin- Darwin’s grandfather. Proposed that all living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more complex ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
... advantage or disadvantage compared to others in surviving and reproducing. The advantaged offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore, the proportion of individuals that have advantageous characteristics will increase. When an environment changes, the survival value of some inherit ...
... advantage or disadvantage compared to others in surviving and reproducing. The advantaged offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore, the proportion of individuals that have advantageous characteristics will increase. When an environment changes, the survival value of some inherit ...
Biodiversity and Evolution
... of organisms on different islands of the Galapagos (Ex. Finches) Species: a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring Remains of ancient organisms (fossils) ...
... of organisms on different islands of the Galapagos (Ex. Finches) Species: a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring Remains of ancient organisms (fossils) ...
Chapter 15 Study Guide: Darwin`s Theory of Evolution
... 6. How did Wallace influence Darwin? 7. What is the name of the book Darwin published in 1859? 8. Compare artificial selection and natural selection. 9. What is fitness? 12. Explain what is meant by the “struggle for existence” among organisms. 13. How does survival of the fittest play into this con ...
... 6. How did Wallace influence Darwin? 7. What is the name of the book Darwin published in 1859? 8. Compare artificial selection and natural selection. 9. What is fitness? 12. Explain what is meant by the “struggle for existence” among organisms. 13. How does survival of the fittest play into this con ...
ReviewQuestionsforChpt.7
... finches were alike because they descended from the same ancestor. Darwin hypothesized that the island finches were different because they had evolved adaptations for their environments. ...
... finches were alike because they descended from the same ancestor. Darwin hypothesized that the island finches were different because they had evolved adaptations for their environments. ...
evolution_natural_selection_2011
... Evolution as “descent with modification” Evolution refers to the changes that life forms have undergone over long periods of time • Evolution means that all present-day forms of life … ...
... Evolution as “descent with modification” Evolution refers to the changes that life forms have undergone over long periods of time • Evolution means that all present-day forms of life … ...
Evolution
... DNA analysis has confirmed that a bear shot in the Canadian Arctic last month is a halfpolar bear, half-grizzly hybrid. While the two bear species have interbred in zoos, this is the first evidence of a wild polar bear-grizzly offspring. Wildlife officials seized the bear after noticing its white f ...
... DNA analysis has confirmed that a bear shot in the Canadian Arctic last month is a halfpolar bear, half-grizzly hybrid. While the two bear species have interbred in zoos, this is the first evidence of a wild polar bear-grizzly offspring. Wildlife officials seized the bear after noticing its white f ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
... organisms on Earth descended from a common ancestor. – The structures and functions of all living organisms are encoded in the same basic nucleic molecules, DNA and RNA. – Similarities in amino acid sequences between various organisms also suggest common descent – The fossil record also shows cases ...
... organisms on Earth descended from a common ancestor. – The structures and functions of all living organisms are encoded in the same basic nucleic molecules, DNA and RNA. – Similarities in amino acid sequences between various organisms also suggest common descent – The fossil record also shows cases ...
Evolutiom- change over time, is the process by which modern
... Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Each unique organism has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. These organisms pass their he ...
... Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Each unique organism has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. These organisms pass their he ...
evo ppt
... Inference 2: Survival in the struggle for existence is not random, but depends in part on the heritable characteristics of individuals. Individuals who inherit characteristics most fit for their environment are likely to leave more offspring than less fit individuals. ...
... Inference 2: Survival in the struggle for existence is not random, but depends in part on the heritable characteristics of individuals. Individuals who inherit characteristics most fit for their environment are likely to leave more offspring than less fit individuals. ...
Evolution and Natural Selection
... organisms on Earth descended from a common ancestor. – The structures and functions of all living organisms are encoded in the same basic nucleic molecules, DNA and RNA. – Similarities in amino acid sequences between various organisms also suggest common descent – The fossil record also shows cases ...
... organisms on Earth descended from a common ancestor. – The structures and functions of all living organisms are encoded in the same basic nucleic molecules, DNA and RNA. – Similarities in amino acid sequences between various organisms also suggest common descent – The fossil record also shows cases ...
Evolution and Darwin - Iowa State University
... _____1st to state evolutionary change but had the wrong mechanism. Hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse and through the inheritance of acquired traits. _____First scientist to carry out a thorough study of the living world, developed an early classification system, established the ...
... _____1st to state evolutionary change but had the wrong mechanism. Hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse and through the inheritance of acquired traits. _____First scientist to carry out a thorough study of the living world, developed an early classification system, established the ...
What is Evolution?
... 1. Organisms can change over generations. 2. Individuals with certain heritable traits produce more surviving offspring than others. 3. The result of natural selection is ...
... 1. Organisms can change over generations. 2. Individuals with certain heritable traits produce more surviving offspring than others. 3. The result of natural selection is ...
b) Directional Selection
... from a small sample of a population separated from the rest of the original population. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is more common among the Amish and can be traced back to a single family who helped establish the colony in 1744. ...
... from a small sample of a population separated from the rest of the original population. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is more common among the Amish and can be traced back to a single family who helped establish the colony in 1744. ...
Ch 15 Student Lecture Notes
... Vestigial parts are parts that the organism no longer _______, such as a human appendix. Pg. 385 some skinks have vestigial legs. ...
... Vestigial parts are parts that the organism no longer _______, such as a human appendix. Pg. 385 some skinks have vestigial legs. ...
Worksheet 1.1
... 4) The phylum Chordata has three main subgroups, name them: ___________, ____________, ____________. 5) ___________ is the retention of larval characteristics into adulthood. 6) _____________ is defined as the discipline in charge of providing names for groups of organisms and establishing rules by ...
... 4) The phylum Chordata has three main subgroups, name them: ___________, ____________, ____________. 5) ___________ is the retention of larval characteristics into adulthood. 6) _____________ is defined as the discipline in charge of providing names for groups of organisms and establishing rules by ...
Evolution Power Point
... Same way a baseball player calculates batting average Add up all of the alleles/by total # alleles Genetic Equilibrium Frequency of alleles remains the same over generations ...
... Same way a baseball player calculates batting average Add up all of the alleles/by total # alleles Genetic Equilibrium Frequency of alleles remains the same over generations ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.