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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ENDOGENOUS FINANCIAL AND TRADE OPENNESS Joshua Aizenman Ilan Noy
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... financial and commercial integrations of developing countries and recurring financial instability and crises. These developments have led to contentious debates regarding the desirability of financial openness. Prominent economists have concluded that the gains from financial integration are illusiv ...
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... their clients in making an investment decision. While Morningstar has obtained data, statistics and information from sources it believes to be reliable, Morningstar does not perform an audit or seeks independent verification of any of the data, statistics, and information it receives. The quantitati ...
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... Unsecured short-term borrowings, net Other secured financings (short-term), net Proceeds from issuance of other secured financings (long-term) Repayment of other secured financings (long-term), including the current portion Proceeds from issuance of unsecured long-term borrowings Repayment of unsecu ...
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Financial economics

Financial economics is the branch of economics characterized by a ""concentration on monetary activities"", in which ""money of one type or another is likely to appear on both sides of a trade"". Its concern is thus the interrelation of financial variables, such as prices, interest rates and shares, as opposed to those concerning the real economy. It has two main areas of focus: asset pricing (or ""investment theory"") and corporate finance; the first being the perspective of providers of capital and the second of users of capital.The subject is concerned with ""the allocation and deployment of economic resources, both spatially and across time, in an uncertain environment"". It therefore centers on decision making under uncertainty in the context of the financial markets, and the resultant economic and financial models and principles, and is concerned with deriving testable or policy implications from acceptable assumptions. It is built on the foundations of microeconomics and decision theory.Financial econometrics is the branch of financial economics that uses econometric techniques to parameterise these relationships. Mathematical finance is related in that it will derive and extend the mathematical or numerical models suggested by financial economics. Note though that the emphasis there is mathematical consistency, as opposed to compatibility with economic theory.Financial economics is usually taught at the postgraduate level; see Master of Financial Economics. Recently, specialist undergraduate degrees are offered in the discipline.Note that this article provides an overview and survey of the field: for derivations and more technical discussion, see the specific articles linked.
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