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More on the MASS GAP and YANG-MILLS
More on the MASS GAP and YANG-MILLS

... new quantum numbers, allowing for more degrees of freedom in the math and the fields, and thereby allowing for new and better explanations of the various phenomena. We have been warned not to try to visualize these motions, but those warnings have turned out to be the worst of all possible advice. O ...
Coupling Charged Particles to the Electromagnetic Field
Coupling Charged Particles to the Electromagnetic Field

... In this light, one can understand the Dirac quantization condition for electric charge. We have seen that if monopoles exist, they are described by singular field configurations. This singularity is seemingly a gauge artifact. It can be chosen, for example, to lie in different directions by making ...
Bose-Einstein spin condensates: revisiting the Einstein
Bose-Einstein spin condensates: revisiting the Einstein

Approximation Methods
Approximation Methods

The illusion of the Heisenberg limit - Faculty of Physics University of
The illusion of the Heisenberg limit - Faculty of Physics University of

Quantum gravity and consciousness, the most
Quantum gravity and consciousness, the most

... In the process of fundamental physical research, some new discoveries appear which were not even imagined before. A part of those discoveries is dropping by time, but even in the next 100 years it will not drop to zero. Even a calculation for dependency of this part over time was found. Presentatio ...
The Hydrogen Atom Fractal Spectra, the Missing Dark Energy of the
The Hydrogen Atom Fractal Spectra, the Missing Dark Energy of the

... to energy (E) via the speed of light (c) does not distinguish between measurable real ordinary energy E(O) and missing dark energy of the cosmos E(D) which cannot be detected or measured directly using any of present day technology [17,18]. The simple explanation for this unparalleled challenge to t ...
Contents
Contents

... the phenomena already observed as a subtle fluid, then it will be pertinent to ask whether a vast sphere of this subtle fluid has a finite volume, or is, in fact, infinite. Current astrophysics, relativity, and the quantum physics of atoms and subatomic particles have yet to go deeper into the struc ...
Quantum Dots - Physics Forums
Quantum Dots - Physics Forums

... A semiconductor is a material that has a small band gap between the valence and conduction band. An exciton pair is defined as an electron and the hole that it leaves behind when it is excited up to the conduction band. An exciton bohr radius is the distance in an electron-hole pair. A Quantum Dot i ...
Atomic spectra and the Bohr atom
Atomic spectra and the Bohr atom

... of same n by giving them different shapes; any integer value from 0 to n-1; orbitals of same n but different l are in different sub-shells: s p d f g ...
Quantum Computers and Cryptography
Quantum Computers and Cryptography

Announcements
Announcements

The Computational Difficulty of Spin Chains in One Dimension
The Computational Difficulty of Spin Chains in One Dimension

... locally checked (e.g., have m qubits instead of n): These states must violate a transition rule after at most O(m2) transitions, so have a (polynomially small) positive energy. • States which have the right structure and n qubits: The transition rules and boundary conditions select only a correct hi ...
Quantum Number, n. - Lyndhurst Schools
Quantum Number, n. - Lyndhurst Schools

... The Wave Nature of Light • All waves have a characteristic wavelength, l, and amplitude, A. • Frequency, n, of a wave is the number of cycles which pass a point in one second. • Speed of a wave, c, is given by its frequency multiplied by its wavelength: ...
Complexity of one-dimensional spin chains
Complexity of one-dimensional spin chains

... locally checked (e.g., have m qubits instead of n): These states must violate a transition rule after at most O(m2) transitions, so have a (polynomially small) positive energy. • States which have the right structure and n qubits: The transition rules and boundary conditions select only a correct hi ...
The Hilbert Space of Quantum Gravity Is Locally Finite
The Hilbert Space of Quantum Gravity Is Locally Finite

... change the total energy connect one quantum-gravity pointer state to a state with a different energy. Such operators are not necessary for describing the local dynamics, which can be captured entirely by operators that commute with global charges; physical changes in the local state of a system are ...
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is the “quantum number”
is the “quantum number”

Electric Field Lines
Electric Field Lines

Quantum Mechanics - s3.amazonaws.com
Quantum Mechanics - s3.amazonaws.com

... Vary the position of the tip above the surface to keep a constant tunnelling current and then plot the position control voltage against sample x,y dimension. Binning and Rohrer shared the 1986 Nobel prize. If this technology were used instead of optical techniques, a cd could store >1012 bytes of in ...
James_Vary
James_Vary

Few simple rules to fix the dynamics of classical systems using
Few simple rules to fix the dynamics of classical systems using

... As already discussed in the Introduction, the main interest in this paper is a discussion concerning the recipe which has to be used to write down the hamiltonian H of the classical system S we are interested in. To simplify our analysis, let us first suppose that S consists of two main interacting ...
Hierarchy of Planck Constants
Hierarchy of Planck Constants

Einstein`s prediction
Einstein`s prediction

Transition Probability (Fidelity) and its Relatives
Transition Probability (Fidelity) and its Relatives

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Canonical quantization

In physics, canonical quantization is a procedure for quantizing a classical theory, while attempting to preserve the formal structure, such as symmetries, of the classical theory, to the greatest extent possible.Historically, this was not quite Werner Heisenberg's route to obtaining quantum mechanics, but Paul Dirac introduced it in his 1926 doctoral thesis, the ""method of classical analogy"" for quantization, and detailed it in his classic text. The word canonical arises from the Hamiltonian approach to classical mechanics, in which a system's dynamics is generated via canonical Poisson brackets, a structure which is only partially preserved in canonical quantization.This method was further used in the context of quantum field theory by Paul Dirac, in his construction of quantum electrodynamics. In the field theory context, it is also called second quantization, in contrast to the semi-classical first quantization for single particles.
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