4. - Tufts
... Can you think of any potential problems that might arise? ■■ The microbe may have changed to adapt to the mouse. It may become less infectious. The idea that a microbe that causes disease in humans is less infectious in animals underlies the idea of vectors and reservoirs of infection that we will d ...
... Can you think of any potential problems that might arise? ■■ The microbe may have changed to adapt to the mouse. It may become less infectious. The idea that a microbe that causes disease in humans is less infectious in animals underlies the idea of vectors and reservoirs of infection that we will d ...
FECAL WELL D-ONE
... are often pathogenic. Most of the strains that cause important diseases are associated with gastroenteritis. Pathogenic species normally known to be particularly virulent and dangerous include Vibrio cholerae (the causative agent of cholera), V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. V. cholerae is gen ...
... are often pathogenic. Most of the strains that cause important diseases are associated with gastroenteritis. Pathogenic species normally known to be particularly virulent and dangerous include Vibrio cholerae (the causative agent of cholera), V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. V. cholerae is gen ...
05-Viral gastroenteritis
... They replicate at the tips of the villi ( mature cells ), causing destruction of these cells . They do not replicate in the crypt . As a result, maladsorption of fluids and electrolytes ...
... They replicate at the tips of the villi ( mature cells ), causing destruction of these cells . They do not replicate in the crypt . As a result, maladsorption of fluids and electrolytes ...
absorption of glucose in the ileum
... There are lots of different molecules and ions involved in this process. How might they affect the water potential inside the lumen/ cells/ blood? ...
... There are lots of different molecules and ions involved in this process. How might they affect the water potential inside the lumen/ cells/ blood? ...
mmol/L
... – Microscopic: Parasites (entamoeba, giardia..) – Antigens: Entamoeba, Giardia, Rotavirus, Adenovirus – Culture ? ...
... – Microscopic: Parasites (entamoeba, giardia..) – Antigens: Entamoeba, Giardia, Rotavirus, Adenovirus – Culture ? ...
Tropical Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections
... Diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections may be syndromic or etiologic. Common clinical features associated with these infections are shown in Box 1. Most diarrheal syndromes are self-limiting, and culture-based testing is therefore not necessary for therapeutic purposes. The need for diagnostic eva ...
... Diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections may be syndromic or etiologic. Common clinical features associated with these infections are shown in Box 1. Most diarrheal syndromes are self-limiting, and culture-based testing is therefore not necessary for therapeutic purposes. The need for diagnostic eva ...
Chapter 22 pathogens
... Epidemics in Africa and Central America have 5-15% fatality rate Second most common source of waterborne disease outbreaks in U.S. from 1972-1985 (also foodborne) Infective dose: 10-200 organisms ! On August 20, 1995, 82 cases of shigellosis occurred at resort in Island Park, Idaho due to high water ...
... Epidemics in Africa and Central America have 5-15% fatality rate Second most common source of waterborne disease outbreaks in U.S. from 1972-1985 (also foodborne) Infective dose: 10-200 organisms ! On August 20, 1995, 82 cases of shigellosis occurred at resort in Island Park, Idaho due to high water ...
a complimentary source PDF.
... ≈250 million by the 2080s, assuming a 40-cm rise in sea level. Even with enhanced protection through engineering interventions, this number is anticipated to reach ≈100 million persons. The initial proportion of deaths from these events is huge, but without extreme vigilance and better monitoring an ...
... ≈250 million by the 2080s, assuming a 40-cm rise in sea level. Even with enhanced protection through engineering interventions, this number is anticipated to reach ≈100 million persons. The initial proportion of deaths from these events is huge, but without extreme vigilance and better monitoring an ...
Isolation, characterization and public health
... The isolation, without any aetiological connection to pathological changes of V. cholerae NAG from the conjunctiva and gut contents of ducks in Denmark indicates that the bacterium also can be associated with poultry, the living habits of which bring them into close contact with soil and water. Our ...
... The isolation, without any aetiological connection to pathological changes of V. cholerae NAG from the conjunctiva and gut contents of ducks in Denmark indicates that the bacterium also can be associated with poultry, the living habits of which bring them into close contact with soil and water. Our ...
Mass movement - Dundee MBChB
... Normally receives approximately 500 ml of chyme (indigestible residues, unabsorbed biliary components, unabsorbed fluid) per day – entry permitted by the gastroilial reflex Is primarily involved in: • Absorption of fluids and electrolytes (Na+, Cl-) • Secretion of electrolytes (K+ and HCO3-) and ...
... Normally receives approximately 500 ml of chyme (indigestible residues, unabsorbed biliary components, unabsorbed fluid) per day – entry permitted by the gastroilial reflex Is primarily involved in: • Absorption of fluids and electrolytes (Na+, Cl-) • Secretion of electrolytes (K+ and HCO3-) and ...
Cholera or Choleric? - Clinical Infectious Diseases
... Prevention of Traveler’s Diarrhea: A Call to Reconvene To the Editor—More than 40 years have passed since the initial reports of traveler’s diarrhea (TD), and much has been learned about the epidemiology of this illness, which is most often attributed to colonization of the intestinal track with pat ...
... Prevention of Traveler’s Diarrhea: A Call to Reconvene To the Editor—More than 40 years have passed since the initial reports of traveler’s diarrhea (TD), and much has been learned about the epidemiology of this illness, which is most often attributed to colonization of the intestinal track with pat ...
Maldives - Travel Doctor
... Cholera is a severe, infectious diarrhoeal disease caused by a bacteria. It is common in developing countries & is associated with conditions of poverty & poor sanitation. Cholera causes severe & rapid dehydration. Travellers who follow the rules of eating & drinking safely will minimise their risk. ...
... Cholera is a severe, infectious diarrhoeal disease caused by a bacteria. It is common in developing countries & is associated with conditions of poverty & poor sanitation. Cholera causes severe & rapid dehydration. Travellers who follow the rules of eating & drinking safely will minimise their risk. ...
On types of scientific inquiry: The role of
... Beriberi was endemic in Asia, from about 1750 until 1930 or so. Today, the cause is known. People need minute amounts (about one part per million in the diet) of a vitamin called “thiamin.” Many Asians eat a diet based on rice, and white rice is preferred to brown. Thiamin in rice is concentrated in ...
... Beriberi was endemic in Asia, from about 1750 until 1930 or so. Today, the cause is known. People need minute amounts (about one part per million in the diet) of a vitamin called “thiamin.” Many Asians eat a diet based on rice, and white rice is preferred to brown. Thiamin in rice is concentrated in ...
PDF - Danny Dorling
... published a few years later which made copious use of a “demographic base map”[9] . It is interesting to note that, when the revised edition was being prepared, the president of the Society was Dudley Stamp, who believed that “The fundamental tool for the geographical analysis is undoubtedly the map ...
... published a few years later which made copious use of a “demographic base map”[9] . It is interesting to note that, when the revised edition was being prepared, the president of the Society was Dudley Stamp, who believed that “The fundamental tool for the geographical analysis is undoubtedly the map ...
Ricardo A. Caicedo, MD Pediatric Gastroenterology University of Florida
... Crampy abdominal pain Malaise, weakness Nausea/vomiting Anorexia, wt loss ...
... Crampy abdominal pain Malaise, weakness Nausea/vomiting Anorexia, wt loss ...
phage therapy
... 1. Cholera is caused by bacteria that infect the small intestine. These bacteria are typically contracted by drinking contaminated water. The symptoms are brought about by the secretion of a toxin that disrupts the functioning of the cells of the small intestine. Given this information, what might t ...
... 1. Cholera is caused by bacteria that infect the small intestine. These bacteria are typically contracted by drinking contaminated water. The symptoms are brought about by the secretion of a toxin that disrupts the functioning of the cells of the small intestine. Given this information, what might t ...
Reviews and Resources
... 530,000 persons a year die from such diseases, a small number when compared to those who die from natural disasters, AIDS, or malaria. Nevertheless, although they typically have a low mortality, NTDs tend to be chronic and often stigmatize the patient. NTDs include diseases spread by helminths, prot ...
... 530,000 persons a year die from such diseases, a small number when compared to those who die from natural disasters, AIDS, or malaria. Nevertheless, although they typically have a low mortality, NTDs tend to be chronic and often stigmatize the patient. NTDs include diseases spread by helminths, prot ...
Infectious Diarrhea
... around the globe to the Americas in 1991, resulting in more than 1 million cases and 10,000 deaths in the Americas, alone. Cholera is spread by contaminated water and food and therefore, usually occurs in communities with poor sanitation. Person-to-person spread is unusual because a high inoculum is ...
... around the globe to the Americas in 1991, resulting in more than 1 million cases and 10,000 deaths in the Americas, alone. Cholera is spread by contaminated water and food and therefore, usually occurs in communities with poor sanitation. Person-to-person spread is unusual because a high inoculum is ...
Vector-Borne & Water
... Vector: Asian tiger mosquito, which can be found in 36 states in the U.S. ...
... Vector: Asian tiger mosquito, which can be found in 36 states in the U.S. ...
bioweapons_2016 - Kenston Local Schools
... As stated by one of the Micro students (2015) in the “Outbreak” write up… • “Ebola (or any other pathogen) is a threat because it takes away ...
... As stated by one of the Micro students (2015) in the “Outbreak” write up… • “Ebola (or any other pathogen) is a threat because it takes away ...
The Effects of Infectious Diseases during the Taiping Rebellion
... only to answer the above question, but also to discuss how and what kinds of infectious diseases affected the populations in Taiping-controlled areas. ...
... only to answer the above question, but also to discuss how and what kinds of infectious diseases affected the populations in Taiping-controlled areas. ...
The 12 "Most Unwanted" Bacteria Presentation. Powerpoint
... • One of hundreds of strains of E. coli. • Produces a deadly toxin that causes severe cramps and bloody diarrhea. • Meat (i.e raw hamburger), uncooked produce, raw ...
... • One of hundreds of strains of E. coli. • Produces a deadly toxin that causes severe cramps and bloody diarrhea. • Meat (i.e raw hamburger), uncooked produce, raw ...
Diarrhea - San Diego Unified School District
... Diarrhea is the passage of loose or watery stools or the increase in stool frequency. When this occurs and persists within 14 days, it is termed “Acute Diarrhea”. Mild, Acute Diarrhea is often caused by: • A change in dietary habits, such as eating rich or different foods • Food allergies • Taking m ...
... Diarrhea is the passage of loose or watery stools or the increase in stool frequency. When this occurs and persists within 14 days, it is termed “Acute Diarrhea”. Mild, Acute Diarrhea is often caused by: • A change in dietary habits, such as eating rich or different foods • Food allergies • Taking m ...
ABO Blood Groups and Cholera: An Investigation of an Infectious
... One problem with these earlier studies is the inability to control for the influence of environmental factors such as variability in colonization (i.e. dose of cholera each individual ingested in order to produce diarrheal response). To address this issue Levine and co-workers (1979) conducted a con ...
... One problem with these earlier studies is the inability to control for the influence of environmental factors such as variability in colonization (i.e. dose of cholera each individual ingested in order to produce diarrheal response). To address this issue Levine and co-workers (1979) conducted a con ...
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin, decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet. The dehydration may result in the skin turning bluish. Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure.Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. It is spread mostly by water and food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. Insufficiently cooked seafood is a common source. Humans are the only animal affected. Risk factors for the disease include poor sanitation, not enough clean drinking water, and poverty. There are concerns that rising sea levels will increase rates of disease. Cholera can be diagnosed by a stool test. A rapid dipstick test is available but is not as accurate.Prevention involves improved sanitation and access to clean water. Cholera vaccines that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months. They have the added benefit of protecting against another type of diarrhea caused by E. coli. The primary treatment is oral rehydration therapy—the replacement of fluids with slightly sweet and salty solutions. Rice-based solutions are preferred. Zinc supplementation is useful in children. In severe cases, intravenous fluids, such as Ringer's lactate, may be required, and antibiotics may be beneficial. Testing to see what antibiotic the cholera is susceptible to can help guide the choice.Cholera affects an estimated 3–5 million people worldwide and causes 58,000–130,000 deaths a year as of 2010. While it is currently classified as a pandemic, it is rare in the developed world. Children are mostly affected. Cholera occurs as both outbreaks and chronically in certain areas. Areas with an ongoing risk of disease include Africa and south-east Asia. While the risk of death among those affected is usually less than 5%, it may be as high as 50% among some groups who don't have access to treatment. Historical descriptions of cholera are found as early as the 5th century BC in Sanskrit. The study of cholera by John Snow between 1849 and 1854 led to significant advances in the field of epidemiology.