Infectious Diseases
... 2. Cause fever and shock and is of lower toxicity compared to exotoxins. 3. Produced by bacteria such as Salmonella ...
... 2. Cause fever and shock and is of lower toxicity compared to exotoxins. 3. Produced by bacteria such as Salmonella ...
notes - CST Personal Home Pages
... 2. Colonization of intestines followed by toxin production Class Pick Disease – Asiatic or epidemic cholera Since 1817 there have been 7 cholera pandemics: 1832-1849 – 150,000 deaths 1866 – 50,000 deaths U.S. alone current pandemic - 1961-present – 100,000 – 200,000 cases/year Agent – Vibrio c ...
... 2. Colonization of intestines followed by toxin production Class Pick Disease – Asiatic or epidemic cholera Since 1817 there have been 7 cholera pandemics: 1832-1849 – 150,000 deaths 1866 – 50,000 deaths U.S. alone current pandemic - 1961-present – 100,000 – 200,000 cases/year Agent – Vibrio c ...
Historical Perspective of Microbiology 1. Ancient History: (pre
... using toilets and sewers dating back as far as 2800 BC. ! The first cities to use Water Pipes made of clay were in the Indus Valley of India around 2700 BC and in the palace of Knossos on Crete around 2000 BC. Metal pipes were used in Egypt as far back as 2450 BC. ! The Romans in 315 AD had public l ...
... using toilets and sewers dating back as far as 2800 BC. ! The first cities to use Water Pipes made of clay were in the Indus Valley of India around 2700 BC and in the palace of Knossos on Crete around 2000 BC. Metal pipes were used in Egypt as far back as 2450 BC. ! The Romans in 315 AD had public l ...
File - singhscience
... causes an infectious disease. • Antibiotic – A chemical that kills bacteria. • Antiseptic – A chemical that is used externally to prevent the spread of pathogens. • Resistant – Used in this context it usually refers to when bacteria are no longer killed by an antibiotic. ...
... causes an infectious disease. • Antibiotic – A chemical that kills bacteria. • Antiseptic – A chemical that is used externally to prevent the spread of pathogens. • Resistant – Used in this context it usually refers to when bacteria are no longer killed by an antibiotic. ...
V. Cholerae
... • humans are the only known vertebrate host, infection by ingestion • V. cholerae is not particular ph-resistant, so infection seems to require high dose (about a million bacteria) • small intestine is the main site of infection • idea that chemotaxis needed to find colonization niche and virulence ...
... • humans are the only known vertebrate host, infection by ingestion • V. cholerae is not particular ph-resistant, so infection seems to require high dose (about a million bacteria) • small intestine is the main site of infection • idea that chemotaxis needed to find colonization niche and virulence ...
GIT Final
... Viruses are probably responsible for about one-half of all diarrhoeal cases Rota viruses have emerged as the most important cause of diarrhea in infants and children Nearly all children are infected at least once before the age of 02 years. ...
... Viruses are probably responsible for about one-half of all diarrhoeal cases Rota viruses have emerged as the most important cause of diarrhea in infants and children Nearly all children are infected at least once before the age of 02 years. ...
Approved
... Dispensary observation during 3 months it’s necessary for reconvalescense with obligatory bacteriological researching from mucosa of pharynx and sputum. It is necessary to protect people from expansion of plague diseases. This work is carried out by workers of sanitation center, ambulatory - polycli ...
... Dispensary observation during 3 months it’s necessary for reconvalescense with obligatory bacteriological researching from mucosa of pharynx and sputum. It is necessary to protect people from expansion of plague diseases. This work is carried out by workers of sanitation center, ambulatory - polycli ...
Document
... • First developed in the early 1950’s and was formulated to mirror ions lost in stool. • In the early 1960’s the mechanism by which ORT works, the coupled transport of sodium and glucose, was discovered.6 • In 1971, the efficacy of ORT demonstrated during an epidemic of cholera in a refugee camp in ...
... • First developed in the early 1950’s and was formulated to mirror ions lost in stool. • In the early 1960’s the mechanism by which ORT works, the coupled transport of sodium and glucose, was discovered.6 • In 1971, the efficacy of ORT demonstrated during an epidemic of cholera in a refugee camp in ...
unit7powerpoint - Nutley Public Schools
... • Infection – refers to the relationship between a host and a parasite – a ...
... • Infection – refers to the relationship between a host and a parasite – a ...
Modeling Cholera Dynamics with a Control Strategy in
... the channels through which the bacteria are transmitted. Individuals who are not treated may die from severe dehydration two or three hours of the infection and this is due to the relatively short incubation period of the disease (usually two to five hours), which will eventually result into an outb ...
... the channels through which the bacteria are transmitted. Individuals who are not treated may die from severe dehydration two or three hours of the infection and this is due to the relatively short incubation period of the disease (usually two to five hours), which will eventually result into an outb ...
Campylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica
... • Bloody diarrhea with fever (dysentery) which does not improve after 2-3 days or rehydratation • Cholera with severe dehydratation • Bacterial diarrhea at immunocompromised patients • Diarrhea with high fever in small children • Parasitic diarrhea ...
... • Bloody diarrhea with fever (dysentery) which does not improve after 2-3 days or rehydratation • Cholera with severe dehydratation • Bacterial diarrhea at immunocompromised patients • Diarrhea with high fever in small children • Parasitic diarrhea ...
Combating Cholera in Haiti
... Treatment facilities: Since the beginning of the epidemic, the UN contributed established and/or upgraded over 150 cholera treatment facilities and set up nearly 700 water chlorination points across Haiti. In addition, the UN and its partners have helped the Ministry of Health put in place dozens of ...
... Treatment facilities: Since the beginning of the epidemic, the UN contributed established and/or upgraded over 150 cholera treatment facilities and set up nearly 700 water chlorination points across Haiti. In addition, the UN and its partners have helped the Ministry of Health put in place dozens of ...
12 Diseases That Altered History
... history, malaria causes over 300 million cases worldwide and up to 3 million deaths a year. It's one of the earliest examples of the importance of controlling vectors—animal or insect carriers (in this case, mosquitoes)—in preventing the transmission of disease. One of the reasons Europeans managed ...
... history, malaria causes over 300 million cases worldwide and up to 3 million deaths a year. It's one of the earliest examples of the importance of controlling vectors—animal or insect carriers (in this case, mosquitoes)—in preventing the transmission of disease. One of the reasons Europeans managed ...
12 Diseases That Altered History
... history, malaria causes over 300 million cases worldwide and up to 3 million deaths a year. It's one of the earliest examples of the importance of controlling vectors—animal or insect carriers (in this case, mosquitoes)—in preventing the transmission of disease. One of the reasons Europeans managed ...
... history, malaria causes over 300 million cases worldwide and up to 3 million deaths a year. It's one of the earliest examples of the importance of controlling vectors—animal or insect carriers (in this case, mosquitoes)—in preventing the transmission of disease. One of the reasons Europeans managed ...
Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infection
... Epidemic- Pandemic Cholera.. Noninvasive.. Affecting small intestine through secretion of an EnterotoxinHeat-labile /Cholera Toxin.. Increasing cAMP.. Incub. 8-24h..Severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, shock, acidosis, death within 24 h.. Cause Only Human Infection. Partial immunity developed fo ...
... Epidemic- Pandemic Cholera.. Noninvasive.. Affecting small intestine through secretion of an EnterotoxinHeat-labile /Cholera Toxin.. Increasing cAMP.. Incub. 8-24h..Severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, shock, acidosis, death within 24 h.. Cause Only Human Infection. Partial immunity developed fo ...
The greatest steps towards the discovery of Vibrio cholerae
... its capability to proliferate in moist soiled linen and damp earth, and its susceptibility to drying and weak acid solutions [22]. Although the bacilli were relatively rare in the evacuations during the early stages of cholera, when evacuations became ‘rice water stools’, they were present in almost ...
... its capability to proliferate in moist soiled linen and damp earth, and its susceptibility to drying and weak acid solutions [22]. Although the bacilli were relatively rare in the evacuations during the early stages of cholera, when evacuations became ‘rice water stools’, they were present in almost ...
The greatest steps towards the discovery of Vibrio cholerae
... its capability to proliferate in moist soiled linen and damp earth, and its susceptibility to drying and weak acid solutions [22]. Although the bacilli were relatively rare in the evacuations during the early stages of cholera, when evacuations became ‘rice water stools’, they were present in almost ...
... its capability to proliferate in moist soiled linen and damp earth, and its susceptibility to drying and weak acid solutions [22]. Although the bacilli were relatively rare in the evacuations during the early stages of cholera, when evacuations became ‘rice water stools’, they were present in almost ...
V .cholerae.
... severe dehydration and salt depletion. 2- Many antimicrobial agents are effective against V. cholerae. Oral tetracycline tends to reduce stool output in cholera and shortens the period of excretion of vibrios. 3-In some endemic areas, tetracycline resistance of V cholerae has emerged; the genes are ...
... severe dehydration and salt depletion. 2- Many antimicrobial agents are effective against V. cholerae. Oral tetracycline tends to reduce stool output in cholera and shortens the period of excretion of vibrios. 3-In some endemic areas, tetracycline resistance of V cholerae has emerged; the genes are ...
Mycoplasms
... B. It is the only species of Vibrio that can survive in fresh water. C. It is the most virulent species of Vibrio. D. It is the only species of Vibrio that can survive exposure to stomach acid. ...
... B. It is the only species of Vibrio that can survive in fresh water. C. It is the most virulent species of Vibrio. D. It is the only species of Vibrio that can survive exposure to stomach acid. ...
Pandemics in History
... One 1853 outbreak in London was only stopped when physician John Snow had the handle of the Broad Street water pump removed, proving the source of the outbreaks to be water contaminated by the feces of other cholera victims. Still, it took over 50 years for word to get out, and cholera continued ...
... One 1853 outbreak in London was only stopped when physician John Snow had the handle of the Broad Street water pump removed, proving the source of the outbreaks to be water contaminated by the feces of other cholera victims. Still, it took over 50 years for word to get out, and cholera continued ...
Even in Koch`s time, it was recognized that infectious agents could
... cannot (at the present time) be grown in pure culture, such as prions responsible for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The third postulate specifies "should", not "must", because as Koch himself proved in regard to both tuberculosis and cholera, that not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will a ...
... cannot (at the present time) be grown in pure culture, such as prions responsible for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The third postulate specifies "should", not "must", because as Koch himself proved in regard to both tuberculosis and cholera, that not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will a ...
Math 210G Mathematics Appreciation Dr. Robert Smits
... —John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette • “… nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance of the [Broad Street] pump… only ten deaths in houses situated decidedly nearer to another street-pump. In five of these … they always sent to the pump in Broad Stre ...
... —John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette • “… nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance of the [Broad Street] pump… only ten deaths in houses situated decidedly nearer to another street-pump. In five of these … they always sent to the pump in Broad Stre ...
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin, decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet. The dehydration may result in the skin turning bluish. Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure.Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. It is spread mostly by water and food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. Insufficiently cooked seafood is a common source. Humans are the only animal affected. Risk factors for the disease include poor sanitation, not enough clean drinking water, and poverty. There are concerns that rising sea levels will increase rates of disease. Cholera can be diagnosed by a stool test. A rapid dipstick test is available but is not as accurate.Prevention involves improved sanitation and access to clean water. Cholera vaccines that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months. They have the added benefit of protecting against another type of diarrhea caused by E. coli. The primary treatment is oral rehydration therapy—the replacement of fluids with slightly sweet and salty solutions. Rice-based solutions are preferred. Zinc supplementation is useful in children. In severe cases, intravenous fluids, such as Ringer's lactate, may be required, and antibiotics may be beneficial. Testing to see what antibiotic the cholera is susceptible to can help guide the choice.Cholera affects an estimated 3–5 million people worldwide and causes 58,000–130,000 deaths a year as of 2010. While it is currently classified as a pandemic, it is rare in the developed world. Children are mostly affected. Cholera occurs as both outbreaks and chronically in certain areas. Areas with an ongoing risk of disease include Africa and south-east Asia. While the risk of death among those affected is usually less than 5%, it may be as high as 50% among some groups who don't have access to treatment. Historical descriptions of cholera are found as early as the 5th century BC in Sanskrit. The study of cholera by John Snow between 1849 and 1854 led to significant advances in the field of epidemiology.