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Applied Exercise Physiology: The Cardiovascular System
Applied Exercise Physiology: The Cardiovascular System

... sheepheart1.html or heartlab.robarts.ca/dissect/dissection. html to see the dissection of a heart ...
Section 10 (More prefixes)
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... identified by squeezing the heart, since the myocardium on the right side is much less rigid than that of the left ventricle.  This incision allows us to see the tricuspid valve and the right ventricular outflow tract which includes the pulmonary valve. ...
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... A bout of light- to moderate-intensity exercise decreases SBP for up to ___ hrs.  Pooling of blood in visceral organs and lower extremities reduces central blood volume which contributes to hypotensive recovery response. ...
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... Response times are faster than recovery times in both cases. This indicates that additional homeostatic mechanisms were slower to come into action than the heart response. 4. Dizziness may result from low blood pressure and can occur in patients who take medicines which impair the ability of the hea ...
Total Dissolved Solids
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... Response times are faster than recovery times in both cases. This indicates that additional homeostatic mechanisms were slower to cone into action than the heart response. 4. Dizziness may result from low blood pressure and can occur in patients who take medicines which impair the ability of the hea ...
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

... generator down onto the surface of or in the heart • There can be different amounts on leads • These leads are responsible for detecting and monitoring the heart rhythm ...
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... 2. Diffusion is the process the circulatory/respiratory system uses to: (Circle ALL that are true.) a. Move oxygen from the alveoli to the blood b. Move oxygen from the blood to the alveoli c. Move oxygen from the body cells to the blood d. Move oxygen from the blood to the body cell ...
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... • Hardening of the arteries • Results in the loss of elasticity and contractility • Results of aging • Causes hypertension ...
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... Start of cycle: atrial systole – atria contract forcing a small amount of blood into ventricles to fill to capacity(already 70% full due to passive flow during diastole of both atria and ventricles following ventricular systole) Atrial diastole  ventricular systole Ventricular pressure exceeds arte ...
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... Using a sphygmomanometer which constricts the brachial artery and then slowly allows the blood to pass through. (b) 125/90 What does this mean? It means that their systole pressure is 125 and their diastole is 90, Which isn't too far away from normal. ...
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... 26. Post-menopausal women were often recommended to take calcium & Vit. D to reduce their risk of _______. In Fig. 5, women taking the supplements had a ______ risk of having a heart attack or a stroke, than women not taking these supplements. a. osteoporosis – slightly lower b. lung cancer – slight ...
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Stroke Volume - emseducation.info

... • Defined: The period of time from the end of one cardiac contraction to the end of the next • Diastole: First phase; The relaxation phase; Ventricular filling begins, blood enters through the mitral and tricuspid valves; Pulmonic and aortic valves ...
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Myocardial infarction



Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.
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