ANPS 020 01-23
... Contractile Cells (99%) o Cardiac muscle cells which contract to push blood o The cells of the myocardium Pacemaker Cells (<1%) of the Conducting System o Specialized cardiac muscle cells; do not contract o Initiate and distribute action potentials that stimulate contraction o “autorhythmic” – h ...
... Contractile Cells (99%) o Cardiac muscle cells which contract to push blood o The cells of the myocardium Pacemaker Cells (<1%) of the Conducting System o Specialized cardiac muscle cells; do not contract o Initiate and distribute action potentials that stimulate contraction o “autorhythmic” – h ...
Heart
... involves four different heart malformations: 1.ventricular septal defect (VSD) 2.Pulmonic stenosis: Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, a narrowing at or just below the pulmonary valve. 3.Overriding aorta: The aorta is positioned over the VSD instead of in the left ventricle. 4.Right ventr ...
... involves four different heart malformations: 1.ventricular septal defect (VSD) 2.Pulmonic stenosis: Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, a narrowing at or just below the pulmonary valve. 3.Overriding aorta: The aorta is positioned over the VSD instead of in the left ventricle. 4.Right ventr ...
File
... • When the heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is the diastolic pressure. ...
... • When the heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is the diastolic pressure. ...
Direct (invasive) measurement of pressure and flow
... Patient factors • Patient with severe sepsis or shock • Cardiac diseases: unstable angina, recent AMI, current congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmias, pacemaker Anaesthetic considerations – Controlled hypotensive techniques – Inability to measure blood pressure non-invasively – Frequent blo ...
... Patient factors • Patient with severe sepsis or shock • Cardiac diseases: unstable angina, recent AMI, current congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmias, pacemaker Anaesthetic considerations – Controlled hypotensive techniques – Inability to measure blood pressure non-invasively – Frequent blo ...
Cardio Presentation
... This pressure causes the AV valve to close, so the blood cannot flow back into the atria The semilunar valve opens, and the pressure forces the blood out through the artery As this happens, the atria begins to once again fill with blood When the ventricle pressure becomes lower than that in the atri ...
... This pressure causes the AV valve to close, so the blood cannot flow back into the atria The semilunar valve opens, and the pressure forces the blood out through the artery As this happens, the atria begins to once again fill with blood When the ventricle pressure becomes lower than that in the atri ...
Heart – circulatory system
... 1. What is the main function of the heart? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ ...
... 1. What is the main function of the heart? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ ...
Left Ventricular Wall Movement Measured by Reflected Ultrasound
... linear relationship and is unaffected by bronchodilators. Our preliminary results showed that a satisfactory alveolar plateau and terminal increase in 133Xenonconcentration could be achieved in cardiac patients. Closing volume is increased above the value predicted for age in patients with left hear ...
... linear relationship and is unaffected by bronchodilators. Our preliminary results showed that a satisfactory alveolar plateau and terminal increase in 133Xenonconcentration could be achieved in cardiac patients. Closing volume is increased above the value predicted for age in patients with left hear ...
Lecture 5 Heart Sounds
... 1. the mechanisms that cause heart sounds. 2. the location of the auscultation areas for all valve sounds and the first two heart sounds. 3. the cause and sound characteristics of the four heart sounds. 4. the causes of murmurs, the location for auscultation and in what part of the cardiac cycle the ...
... 1. the mechanisms that cause heart sounds. 2. the location of the auscultation areas for all valve sounds and the first two heart sounds. 3. the cause and sound characteristics of the four heart sounds. 4. the causes of murmurs, the location for auscultation and in what part of the cardiac cycle the ...
Heart - Dr Magrann
... valve is blocked, blood will get backed up into the pulmonary circulation. Blood goes from the left ventricle into the aorta, where it is sent to the body. ...
... valve is blocked, blood will get backed up into the pulmonary circulation. Blood goes from the left ventricle into the aorta, where it is sent to the body. ...
Congenital Diseases
... pathways (ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale) are closed that the full hemodynamic impact of an ...
... pathways (ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale) are closed that the full hemodynamic impact of an ...
diseases of the cardiovascular system
... inhibit cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contractility; reduces blood pressure and cardiac afterload; overall improvement in diastolic function – Or Propranolol: a beta-blocker to decrease heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand ...
... inhibit cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contractility; reduces blood pressure and cardiac afterload; overall improvement in diastolic function – Or Propranolol: a beta-blocker to decrease heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand ...
Anesthesia for Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
... in the case of MMVD), which can help maintain forward stroke volume despite worsening mitral regurgitation. The ventricle has a low-pressure reservoir into which it can eject blood (left atrium), so the wall stress and oxygen demand on the myocardium are only modestly increased in the early and inte ...
... in the case of MMVD), which can help maintain forward stroke volume despite worsening mitral regurgitation. The ventricle has a low-pressure reservoir into which it can eject blood (left atrium), so the wall stress and oxygen demand on the myocardium are only modestly increased in the early and inte ...
Sheep Heart Dissection
... away from the heart are called arteries. Most arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body. The vessels that carry blood toward the heart are called veins. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body cells toward the heart. Blood pressure is caused by the force in which ...
... away from the heart are called arteries. Most arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body. The vessels that carry blood toward the heart are called veins. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body cells toward the heart. Blood pressure is caused by the force in which ...
Primary hypoparathyroidism presenting with
... absence of PTH, these effects cannot occur. Therefore, the consequence of PTH deficiency is hypocalcemia [1]. The etiologies most frequently related to PHPT include neck surgery with excision of all parathyroid glands, irradiation and hungry bone syndrome following a parathyroidectomy for hyperparath ...
... absence of PTH, these effects cannot occur. Therefore, the consequence of PTH deficiency is hypocalcemia [1]. The etiologies most frequently related to PHPT include neck surgery with excision of all parathyroid glands, irradiation and hungry bone syndrome following a parathyroidectomy for hyperparath ...
CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA Ivabradine guideline
... Visual symptoms are the most common adverse effect reported. Luminous phenomena were reported in 14.5% of patients and therefore new patients should be warned about this potential side effect. Phosphenes generally begin to occur within the first two months of treatment after which they may occur rep ...
... Visual symptoms are the most common adverse effect reported. Luminous phenomena were reported in 14.5% of patients and therefore new patients should be warned about this potential side effect. Phosphenes generally begin to occur within the first two months of treatment after which they may occur rep ...
Dr Hugh Calkins is Professor of Medicine and Director of the EP
... Society on Adult Congenital Heart Disease and a member of the American Heart Association and the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. He serves as the Pediatric Chair of the Physician Electrophysiology examination given by the International Board of Heart Rhythm Examiners, and serves on t ...
... Society on Adult Congenital Heart Disease and a member of the American Heart Association and the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. He serves as the Pediatric Chair of the Physician Electrophysiology examination given by the International Board of Heart Rhythm Examiners, and serves on t ...
Taxonomy and Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity
... Leading causes of death in the USA (~ 1 million people each year) Hypertension (high blood pressure), often caused by constriction of the arteries and arterioles, can strain the heart Hypertension often results from plaque buildup Plaques are thickened artery and arteriole walls, in which the smooth ...
... Leading causes of death in the USA (~ 1 million people each year) Hypertension (high blood pressure), often caused by constriction of the arteries and arterioles, can strain the heart Hypertension often results from plaque buildup Plaques are thickened artery and arteriole walls, in which the smooth ...
Cardiovascular Toxicology
... -- maybe at cellular level of O2 utilization – see cyanide and ETS under cellular mechanisms -- maybe due to alterations in O2 transport by hemoglobin – a hematotoxic effect ...
... -- maybe at cellular level of O2 utilization – see cyanide and ETS under cellular mechanisms -- maybe due to alterations in O2 transport by hemoglobin – a hematotoxic effect ...
Technical Note
... Common bypass grafts are the LIMA - LAD and LIMA - Cx on the left side of the heart (Figs. 1,2). Figure 3 shows a right internal mammary artery (RIMA) anastomosed to the right coronary artery (RIMA - RCA) the right side of the heart. Fig. 4 shows a saphenous vein graft harvested from the leg anastom ...
... Common bypass grafts are the LIMA - LAD and LIMA - Cx on the left side of the heart (Figs. 1,2). Figure 3 shows a right internal mammary artery (RIMA) anastomosed to the right coronary artery (RIMA - RCA) the right side of the heart. Fig. 4 shows a saphenous vein graft harvested from the leg anastom ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.