Cardiovascular System Summary Notes
... The wall of the left ventricle is more muscular and thicker than that of the right ventricle The left ventricle is required to pump blood all around the body The right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs Valves between the atria and ventricles are the atrio-ventricular (AV) valves Valves prevent ...
... The wall of the left ventricle is more muscular and thicker than that of the right ventricle The left ventricle is required to pump blood all around the body The right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs Valves between the atria and ventricles are the atrio-ventricular (AV) valves Valves prevent ...
Once thought impossible, today`s evolving surgical approaches
... effectively suture coronary artery bypass grafts in place on the surface of the heart without stopping its beating and blood-pumping function. These developing techniques have not replaced conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures but they are increasingly used as technologies a ...
... effectively suture coronary artery bypass grafts in place on the surface of the heart without stopping its beating and blood-pumping function. These developing techniques have not replaced conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures but they are increasingly used as technologies a ...
Cardiovascular System Part 1
... dropped off by blood in the lungs • Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart through the four pulmonary veins • Blood enters the left atrium and travels through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle • From the left ventricle, blood leaves the heart via the aortic semilunar valve and aorta ...
... dropped off by blood in the lungs • Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart through the four pulmonary veins • Blood enters the left atrium and travels through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle • From the left ventricle, blood leaves the heart via the aortic semilunar valve and aorta ...
independent work of the students
... In children with thin chest walls, the point of maximum impulse, or apical pulse, is sometimes apparent as a pulsation. Noting the location of the impulse may give some indication of the size and positioning of the heart, especially if it deviates from the expected apical site. Since comprehensive e ...
... In children with thin chest walls, the point of maximum impulse, or apical pulse, is sometimes apparent as a pulsation. Noting the location of the impulse may give some indication of the size and positioning of the heart, especially if it deviates from the expected apical site. Since comprehensive e ...
Cardiovascular System
... to drive venous blood out of the abdominal cavity. As air is inspired, the diaphragm descends and abdominal pressure increases. The increasing pressure squeezes veins and moves blood back toward the heart. The rhythmic movement of venous blood causes by the act of breathing is called the respiratory ...
... to drive venous blood out of the abdominal cavity. As air is inspired, the diaphragm descends and abdominal pressure increases. The increasing pressure squeezes veins and moves blood back toward the heart. The rhythmic movement of venous blood causes by the act of breathing is called the respiratory ...
Angiography and Arteriography
... Catheter inserted into femoral vein and positioned inside the common iliac vein or inferior aspect of inferior vena cava ...
... Catheter inserted into femoral vein and positioned inside the common iliac vein or inferior aspect of inferior vena cava ...
New Options for Atrial Fibrillation Patients with
... amiodarone and dofetilde are used. In most patients, rate control strategies are recommended, since anti-arrhythmic drugs have significant side effects. In highly selected patients who do not tolerate rate control, and do not respond to anti-arrhythmic drugs with persistent disabling a-fib symptoms, ...
... amiodarone and dofetilde are used. In most patients, rate control strategies are recommended, since anti-arrhythmic drugs have significant side effects. In highly selected patients who do not tolerate rate control, and do not respond to anti-arrhythmic drugs with persistent disabling a-fib symptoms, ...
Venous Pressure AND Heart Sound
... Is a low pitched early diastolic sound best heard with the bell at the apex. also called ventricular gallop Occure with rapid ventricular filling after the AV valves open. It is best heard with the bell-side of the stethoscope at the apex of the heart Causes Normally in Children and during ...
... Is a low pitched early diastolic sound best heard with the bell at the apex. also called ventricular gallop Occure with rapid ventricular filling after the AV valves open. It is best heard with the bell-side of the stethoscope at the apex of the heart Causes Normally in Children and during ...
Dual Energy CT - WordPress.com
... between the two tubes would be 60 kVp. • The average energies of the two spectrums are 76 keV and 56 keV • A tin filter may be placed in the path of the beam to remove the low energy x-rays(beam hardening) • Attenuation at moderate energy levels is primarily due to Compton scatter, but at lower ener ...
... between the two tubes would be 60 kVp. • The average energies of the two spectrums are 76 keV and 56 keV • A tin filter may be placed in the path of the beam to remove the low energy x-rays(beam hardening) • Attenuation at moderate energy levels is primarily due to Compton scatter, but at lower ener ...
lecture6-Cardiovascu..
... Arteries transport the blood from the heart. The terminal branches of the arteries can anastomose with each other freely or be anatomic or functional end arteries. Veins transport blood back to the heart. Capillaries connect the arteries to the veins. Sinusoids are special type of capillar ...
... Arteries transport the blood from the heart. The terminal branches of the arteries can anastomose with each other freely or be anatomic or functional end arteries. Veins transport blood back to the heart. Capillaries connect the arteries to the veins. Sinusoids are special type of capillar ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
... and diminished and most of the filling occurs late in ventricular diastole, during the atrial systole ...
... and diminished and most of the filling occurs late in ventricular diastole, during the atrial systole ...
Review of Congenital Heart Disease
... Regardless of the form of SAS, the increased pressure load on the left ventricle leads to left ventricular hypertrophy if there is a significant obstruction present. Most dogs with SAS are identified by the presence of a loud murmur detected before clinical signs develop. The murmur is loudest at t ...
... Regardless of the form of SAS, the increased pressure load on the left ventricle leads to left ventricular hypertrophy if there is a significant obstruction present. Most dogs with SAS are identified by the presence of a loud murmur detected before clinical signs develop. The murmur is loudest at t ...
METHODS ONLINE ONLY
... nitrogen for measurement of ET-1, IGF-I, Ang II and hydroxyproline cardiac content and for RT-PCR studies and in 10% formalin solution for myocyte morphometry. To investigate the possible role of Ang II in myocardial hypertrophy and collagen deposition six operated animals were randomized to ACE inh ...
... nitrogen for measurement of ET-1, IGF-I, Ang II and hydroxyproline cardiac content and for RT-PCR studies and in 10% formalin solution for myocyte morphometry. To investigate the possible role of Ang II in myocardial hypertrophy and collagen deposition six operated animals were randomized to ACE inh ...
The Cardiovascular System
... • First sound (lubb) -ventricles contract and AV valves are closing • Second sound (dupp)-ventricles relax and aortic and pulmonary valves are closing. ...
... • First sound (lubb) -ventricles contract and AV valves are closing • Second sound (dupp)-ventricles relax and aortic and pulmonary valves are closing. ...
Jeopardy for Blood and Circulation
... 400 – What does the QRS wave represent? The depolarization of the ventricles (sodium is flowing into the cardiact muscle cells) 500 – Trace the path of electricity thru the ventricles AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers ...
... 400 – What does the QRS wave represent? The depolarization of the ventricles (sodium is flowing into the cardiact muscle cells) 500 – Trace the path of electricity thru the ventricles AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers ...
Sheep heart dissection lab
... 1. Find the apex of the heart. Is this at the top or bottom point of the heart? __________ 2. Measure the length of the heart from top to bottom in cm. ________________ 3. Find the arteries: Place the heart in your pan with the apex toward you and the smooth round side facing the ceiling. There will ...
... 1. Find the apex of the heart. Is this at the top or bottom point of the heart? __________ 2. Measure the length of the heart from top to bottom in cm. ________________ 3. Find the arteries: Place the heart in your pan with the apex toward you and the smooth round side facing the ceiling. There will ...
Hemodynamics
... the myocardium in systole Starling’s Law states that the greater the stretch, the more forceful the contraction ...
... the myocardium in systole Starling’s Law states that the greater the stretch, the more forceful the contraction ...
Heart Actions ¥ Heart Actions The cardiac cycle consists of the atria
... b. When ventricles are _______________________, arterial pressure is at its lowest (__________________). 2. The ____________________ of blood that occurs with ventricular contraction can be felt at certain points in the body as a ___________________________-. C. Factors that Influence Arterial Bloo ...
... b. When ventricles are _______________________, arterial pressure is at its lowest (__________________). 2. The ____________________ of blood that occurs with ventricular contraction can be felt at certain points in the body as a ___________________________-. C. Factors that Influence Arterial Bloo ...
New cardiac revascularization program aimed at
... percutaneous hemodynamic support devices during revascularization procedures, to support high-risk patients during these procedures. The program was developed to serve the growing number of patients with high-risk CAD who require interventions that can best be provided at a tertiary center with the ...
... percutaneous hemodynamic support devices during revascularization procedures, to support high-risk patients during these procedures. The program was developed to serve the growing number of patients with high-risk CAD who require interventions that can best be provided at a tertiary center with the ...
The Heart I. Heart anatomy. A. Size and location.
... - Starling's law of the heart: the greater the stretch placed on cardiac muscle, the more vigorous the contraction. - can increase stretch by increasing EDV. ...
... - Starling's law of the heart: the greater the stretch placed on cardiac muscle, the more vigorous the contraction. - can increase stretch by increasing EDV. ...
A heart made for dancing
... typically sedated and awake. However, in some cases the doctor may decide to use anesthesia. The procedure usually takes three to six hours. After the procedure cardiac ablation patients are moved to a recovery area where they lie still for about three hours to prevent bleeding at the ...
... typically sedated and awake. However, in some cases the doctor may decide to use anesthesia. The procedure usually takes three to six hours. After the procedure cardiac ablation patients are moved to a recovery area where they lie still for about three hours to prevent bleeding at the ...
The Heart
... • The sinoatrial node in humans is in the shape of a crescent and is about 15 mm long and 5 mm wide. • The SA nodal cells are self-excitatory, pacemaker cells. • They generate an action potential at the rate of about 70 per minute. • From the sinus node, activation propagates throughout the atria, b ...
... • The sinoatrial node in humans is in the shape of a crescent and is about 15 mm long and 5 mm wide. • The SA nodal cells are self-excitatory, pacemaker cells. • They generate an action potential at the rate of about 70 per minute. • From the sinus node, activation propagates throughout the atria, b ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.