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Cardiovascular System
What do you know already?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Needed for?
Includes ....
Controlled by?
Affected by?
Previous knowledge
The following is assumed knowledge.
• The heart works as a double pump.
• Blood passing through the right side of the
heart travels to the lungs:
• Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the
blood capillaries.
• Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood
capillaries to the alveoli.
• Blood passing through the left-hand side of
the heart travels to the brain and other
body organs.
Previous knowledge
The following is assumed knowledge.
• The heart is made of muscle cells and is
split into four chambers (right atrium, right
ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle).
• The blood travels through arteries, then
capillaries, then veins.
•
• Arteries carry blood away from the
heart. Blood is pumped through
arteries at a high pressure.
Previous knowledge
The following is assumed knowledge.
• Arteries branch into smaller and smaller
blood vessels, eventually forming
capillaries, which are microscopic blood
vessels that carry blood close to all body
cells to allow exchange to take place (gas
and nutrients).
• Capillaries merge into one another,
producing wider and wider blood vessels,
eventually forming veins.
Previous knowledge
The following is assumed knowledge.
• Veins carry blood towards the heart and
contain valves to prevent blood from
flowing backwards. These are necessary
as the blood is flowing at low pressure and
generally against the force of gravity.
•
• As blood flows away from the heart the
pressure decreases.
Unit 2;
Physiology and Health
Cardiovascular System
Learning Outcomes
• Identify the structure of the cardiovascular
system
• Compare and contrast arteries, veins and
capillaries
• Apply the information to explaining the
difference in blood pressure around the
body.
• Needed for the continuous
exchange of materials for a
multicellular organism
• Made up of
• Connective tissue fluid
(blood)
• Connecting tubes (blood
vessels)
• Muscular pump (heart)
Blood circulates from the
heart through the arteries
to the capillaries to the
veins and back to the heart.
What can we deduce from
this knowledge about the
pressure?
Blood circulates from the
heart through the arteries
to the capillaries to the
veins and back to the heart.
There is a decrease in blood
pressure as blood moves
away from the heart as
cardiac contraction provides
the pressure.
• Add in these names ....
coronary arteries,
carotid artery,
jugular vein,
hepatic artery, hepatic
vein, hepatic portal vein,
renal artery, renal vein.
• All have a central cavity;
LUMEN
• An endothelium lines the
central lumen of each of the
different blood vessels
•
Arteries (EME)
Arteries have;
1.an outer layer of
connective tissue
containing elastic fibres
2.a middle layer
containing smooth
muscle with more
elastic fibres.
3.inner endothilium layer.
The elastic walls of the
arteries stretch and recoil
to accommodate the surge
of blood after each
contraction of the heart.
The smooth muscle can contract
or relax causing vasoconstriction
or vasodilation to control blood
flow.
Veins
Veins have an outer layer of
connective tissue containing
elastic fibres but a much
thinner muscular wall than
arteries.
Veins
Valves prevent the back
flow of blood (by eddy
currents)
Capillary
Capillaries allow exchange of
substances with tissues. (more next week)
Capillary
• Observe your capillary bed!
• Squeeze you nail (no
polish) what happens?
Complete this ...
How do we know this?
• Look under the microscope and examine
the differences
How do we know this?
• Draw a table before you start
A GOOD TABLE SHOULD .....
• Now complete the experiment
• Draw an appropriate graph .......
A GOOD GRAPH SHOULD .....
Now complete the questions ....
ARTERIES
Demonstrate
what you
know by filing
this in ....
VEINS
CAPILLARIES
endothelium
smooth muscle
valve
connective tissue
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
arteriole
venule
ARTERIES
VEINS
Place these features in the
correct part of the Venn
Diagram
Exchange of materials
Contains valves
One layer, 1 cell think
Endothelium cells
surround lumen
Carry blood
Large lumen
Needs action of muscles
to keep blood flowing
3 layers; elastic fibres,
muscle and endothelium
Stretch and recoil
Pulse found
Smooth muscle contract
for vasoconstriction
Smooth muscle dilate for
vasodilation
CAPILLARIES
True or False?
• Carotid vein returns deoxygenated blood
from the head to vena cava
• Renal artery carries blood to the kidneys to
be purified
• Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs
• Hepatic portal vein carries deoxygenated
blood from gut to liver
• Coronary vein carries oxygenated blood
from lungs to the heart
• Hepatic artery carries deoxygenated blood
from the liver to the vena cava
True or False?
• Carotid vein returns deoxygenated blood
from the head to vena cava F jugular
• Renal artery carries blood to the kidneys
to be purified T
• Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungsF artery
• Hepatic portal vein carries deoxygenated
blood from gut to liver T
• Coronary vein carries oxygenated blood
from lungs to the heart F pulmonary
• Hepatic artery carries deoxygenated
blood from the liver to the vena cava F vein