CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW PATHOGENESIS AND ETIOLOGY 2.2 CLINICAL FEATURES
... reported in an urban black South African (SA) population. However, some rural areas in SA reported hardly any cases(8,9). Females are affected more commonly with estimated incidences based on European and North American studies being 24-60 / 100 000 for females and 15-26 / 100 000 for males(10). RA ...
... reported in an urban black South African (SA) population. However, some rural areas in SA reported hardly any cases(8,9). Females are affected more commonly with estimated incidences based on European and North American studies being 24-60 / 100 000 for females and 15-26 / 100 000 for males(10). RA ...
TITLE The effect of caffeine on heart rate OBJECTIVES To
... Caffeine is now a common ingredient of soft drinks such as cola, originally prepared from kola nuts. Research which was carried out shows that soft drinks typically contain about 10 to 15 milligrams of caffeine per serving. Besides, chocolate bars have a high percentage of caffeine content especial ...
... Caffeine is now a common ingredient of soft drinks such as cola, originally prepared from kola nuts. Research which was carried out shows that soft drinks typically contain about 10 to 15 milligrams of caffeine per serving. Besides, chocolate bars have a high percentage of caffeine content especial ...
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive
... of premature birth, further development occurs under very different and often adverse circumstances. With delivery, there is an abrupt increase in systemic afterload, with removal of the low-resistance placenta and via peripheral vasoconstriction in response to the labor-induced endogenous hormone r ...
... of premature birth, further development occurs under very different and often adverse circumstances. With delivery, there is an abrupt increase in systemic afterload, with removal of the low-resistance placenta and via peripheral vasoconstriction in response to the labor-induced endogenous hormone r ...
Left Septal Fascicular Block
... 12. Nakaya Y, Murayama Y, Hiasa Y, et. al. A cause for prominent anterior QRS forces in ischemic heart disease. Jap Circ J. 1977; 41 (suppl):83 ...
... 12. Nakaya Y, Murayama Y, Hiasa Y, et. al. A cause for prominent anterior QRS forces in ischemic heart disease. Jap Circ J. 1977; 41 (suppl):83 ...
Slide 1
... heart. • If only the aortic valve is diseased, it is most likely NOT of rheumatic etiology. • Rheumatic heart generally has 2 valves involved, the aortic and the mitral. • Cardiac PEARL: In men, the aortic valve is most likely to be diseased. In women, it’s the mitral valve. ...
... heart. • If only the aortic valve is diseased, it is most likely NOT of rheumatic etiology. • Rheumatic heart generally has 2 valves involved, the aortic and the mitral. • Cardiac PEARL: In men, the aortic valve is most likely to be diseased. In women, it’s the mitral valve. ...
Science | Discovery | Innovation
... ablation, pharmacology, genetics, basic science, and health policy. Most of these sessions are designed to offer practical information and knowledge that can be taken back and immediately applied to the care of our patients and the advancement of heart rhythm disorders-related research. In addition, ...
... ablation, pharmacology, genetics, basic science, and health policy. Most of these sessions are designed to offer practical information and knowledge that can be taken back and immediately applied to the care of our patients and the advancement of heart rhythm disorders-related research. In addition, ...
СARRENT ISSUES OF THE AORTIC FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
... of hemostat imposition and introduction of the needle to remove a residual air) there is a need to study the interdependence of their intraorganic lymphatic and nervous apparatuses. It is known that 20–40% of patients after the heart surgery with the involvement of the aorta suffer from irregular he ...
... of hemostat imposition and introduction of the needle to remove a residual air) there is a need to study the interdependence of their intraorganic lymphatic and nervous apparatuses. It is known that 20–40% of patients after the heart surgery with the involvement of the aorta suffer from irregular he ...
Precordial and Carotid Pulse Palpation
... A hypokinetic pulse, which is of low amplitude, occurs as a result of a reduction in left ventricular stroke volume or a decrease in systemic arterial pressure. A hypokinetic carotid pulse is sometimes called pulsus parvus; a pulse that is slow in rising and late in peaking is called pulsus tardus. ...
... A hypokinetic pulse, which is of low amplitude, occurs as a result of a reduction in left ventricular stroke volume or a decrease in systemic arterial pressure. A hypokinetic carotid pulse is sometimes called pulsus parvus; a pulse that is slow in rising and late in peaking is called pulsus tardus. ...
Practice Guideline: Focused Update
... guidelines is keeping pace with the stream of new data upon which recommendations are based. In an effort to respond more quickly to new evidence, the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines has created a new “focused update” process to ...
... guidelines is keeping pace with the stream of new data upon which recommendations are based. In an effort to respond more quickly to new evidence, the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines has created a new “focused update” process to ...
AHA Scientific Statement
... from Massachusetts Medical Society. Copyright © 2004, Massachusetts Medical Society. ...
... from Massachusetts Medical Society. Copyright © 2004, Massachusetts Medical Society. ...
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
... after pulmonary artery banding, and training of the left ventricle is gradual. Excessive pulmonary artery banding tightening leads to reduced left ventricular function and edema of the myocardium. Occasionally, retraining of the left ventricle can be achieved only by sequential pulmonary artery band ...
... after pulmonary artery banding, and training of the left ventricle is gradual. Excessive pulmonary artery banding tightening leads to reduced left ventricular function and edema of the myocardium. Occasionally, retraining of the left ventricle can be achieved only by sequential pulmonary artery band ...
With a Heart Murmur - McGraw-Hill Education
... blunt chest wall trauma. Acute, severe MR from papillary muscle rupture usually accompanies an inferior, posterior, or lateral MI and occurs 2–7 days after presentation. It often is signaled by chest pain, hypotension, and pulmonary edema, but a murmur may be absent in up to 50% of cases. The poster ...
... blunt chest wall trauma. Acute, severe MR from papillary muscle rupture usually accompanies an inferior, posterior, or lateral MI and occurs 2–7 days after presentation. It often is signaled by chest pain, hypotension, and pulmonary edema, but a murmur may be absent in up to 50% of cases. The poster ...
Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of right and left
... The importance of ventricular systolic abnormalities in the development of congestive heart failure has long been recognized. Only recently have abnormalities of diastolic function been appreciated (1). Diastolic dysfunction has been described (2-6) in pediatric and adult patients with left ventricu ...
... The importance of ventricular systolic abnormalities in the development of congestive heart failure has long been recognized. Only recently have abnormalities of diastolic function been appreciated (1). Diastolic dysfunction has been described (2-6) in pediatric and adult patients with left ventricu ...
THE VENOUS CIRCULATION IN TELEOST FISH
... venous return and cardiac filling pressure. The main objective of this thesis was to gather information on venous haemodynamic responses and neurohumoral control mechanisms in two teleost species; the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. As previous studies of ...
... venous return and cardiac filling pressure. The main objective of this thesis was to gather information on venous haemodynamic responses and neurohumoral control mechanisms in two teleost species; the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. As previous studies of ...
Physiology of the Right Ventricle
... resistance, the heart initially dilates allowing for increased or maintained stroke volume (SV) respectively, but after a few minutes cardiac dimensions return to baseline in spite of persistently increased loading, indicating increased contractility. Starling thought that much of this “homeometric” ...
... resistance, the heart initially dilates allowing for increased or maintained stroke volume (SV) respectively, but after a few minutes cardiac dimensions return to baseline in spite of persistently increased loading, indicating increased contractility. Starling thought that much of this “homeometric” ...
Chapter47cardiovascular update
... BMP – basic metabolic panel – electrolytes,etc BNP - B type natriuretic peptide hormone ABGs - Arterial blood gasses ECHO- sonogram of the heart ECG – electrical conduction MUGA scan – cardiac function, ejection fraction BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen – decreased glomerular filtration All items and deriv ...
... BMP – basic metabolic panel – electrolytes,etc BNP - B type natriuretic peptide hormone ABGs - Arterial blood gasses ECHO- sonogram of the heart ECG – electrical conduction MUGA scan – cardiac function, ejection fraction BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen – decreased glomerular filtration All items and deriv ...
pericardial effusions by echocardiography - Heart
... to the aortic root and left atrium (Fig. 2A). Only a narrow echo-free space, wider in systole than in diastole, is visualised between the ventricular posterior wall and parietal pericardium at mid left ventricular level. This echo-free space widens considerably (to about 1-5 cm) behind the basal lef ...
... to the aortic root and left atrium (Fig. 2A). Only a narrow echo-free space, wider in systole than in diastole, is visualised between the ventricular posterior wall and parietal pericardium at mid left ventricular level. This echo-free space widens considerably (to about 1-5 cm) behind the basal lef ...
Automated Selection of the Optimal Cardiac Phase for Single
... at all phases for this set of slices. The sum of this image is calculated for each set of slices to determine which slices contain the in-plane vessels. (f) The region identified as the location for proximal right in-plane vessels for all phases. If multiple regions are present, the largest one woul ...
... at all phases for this set of slices. The sum of this image is calculated for each set of slices to determine which slices contain the in-plane vessels. (f) The region identified as the location for proximal right in-plane vessels for all phases. If multiple regions are present, the largest one woul ...
Cardiovascular Response to Breath-Holding Explained by Changes
... systems plays a significant role [19]. Although there are some studies, which have analysed the functioning of the central and peripheral cardiovascular mechanisms, but the extent and sequence of activation of the central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system, as well as the ...
... systems plays a significant role [19]. Although there are some studies, which have analysed the functioning of the central and peripheral cardiovascular mechanisms, but the extent and sequence of activation of the central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system, as well as the ...
I IIa IIb III - Cardiosource
... for SND in asymptomatic patients. Permanent pacemaker implantation is not indicated for SND in patients for whom the symptoms suggestive of bradycardia have been clearly documented to occur in the absence of bradycardia. Permanent pacemaker implantation is not indicated for SND with symptomatic brad ...
... for SND in asymptomatic patients. Permanent pacemaker implantation is not indicated for SND in patients for whom the symptoms suggestive of bradycardia have been clearly documented to occur in the absence of bradycardia. Permanent pacemaker implantation is not indicated for SND with symptomatic brad ...
AED Canadian Ski Patrol System - Canadian Ski Patrol – Calgary
... the SA node to the AV node. Explain Myocardial Infarction (MI) – heart attack. Difference between heart attack and angina. Electrical impulses cannot travel across dead cardiac tissue (heart attack). Depending on the area of damage or size of heart attack the heart can be sent into uncoordinated ele ...
... the SA node to the AV node. Explain Myocardial Infarction (MI) – heart attack. Difference between heart attack and angina. Electrical impulses cannot travel across dead cardiac tissue (heart attack). Depending on the area of damage or size of heart attack the heart can be sent into uncoordinated ele ...
Cardiovascular Phenotype in Turner Syndrome—Integrating
... Yet, all females with TS face increased morbidity compared with the general population (3), although patterns of specific pathologies may differ between karyotypes. An increased risk of cardiac congenital anomalies has been demonstrated in 45,X (3, 12, 13), and karyotypes with an isochromosome suffe ...
... Yet, all females with TS face increased morbidity compared with the general population (3), although patterns of specific pathologies may differ between karyotypes. An increased risk of cardiac congenital anomalies has been demonstrated in 45,X (3, 12, 13), and karyotypes with an isochromosome suffe ...
Cardiac Murmurs
... to 2 cm2. However, an additional reduction in t he valve area from half its normal size to a quarter of it’s normal size produces severe obstruction to flow and progressive pressure overload on the left ventricle. ...
... to 2 cm2. However, an additional reduction in t he valve area from half its normal size to a quarter of it’s normal size produces severe obstruction to flow and progressive pressure overload on the left ventricle. ...
morphological and immunohistochemical patterns of the intrinsic
... left and right vagal branches are regulated to varying degrees by different cardiac ganglia, revealing complex interlinking pathways in the control of heart rate. These pathways have been revealed in studies of atrial fibrillation, which can be induced through electrical stimulation of autonomic ner ...
... left and right vagal branches are regulated to varying degrees by different cardiac ganglia, revealing complex interlinking pathways in the control of heart rate. These pathways have been revealed in studies of atrial fibrillation, which can be induced through electrical stimulation of autonomic ner ...
Print - Circulation
... arrhythmias in the failing heart. Methods and Results Three-dimensional cardiac mapping from as many as 232 intramural sites was performed in five dogs with ischemic cardiomyopathy induced by multiple intracoronary embolizations. After 5 to 10 weekly embolizations with 90-,um latex microspheres into ...
... arrhythmias in the failing heart. Methods and Results Three-dimensional cardiac mapping from as many as 232 intramural sites was performed in five dogs with ischemic cardiomyopathy induced by multiple intracoronary embolizations. After 5 to 10 weekly embolizations with 90-,um latex microspheres into ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.