Accuracy of pulse oximeters in estimating heart rate
... haemoglobin oxygen saturation' . Pulse oximeters are often used for estimating heart rate at rest and during exercise. However, at present there are not sufficient data to validate their use as heart rate monitors at rest and during exercise. As accurate measurement of heart rate is becoming increas ...
... haemoglobin oxygen saturation' . Pulse oximeters are often used for estimating heart rate at rest and during exercise. However, at present there are not sufficient data to validate their use as heart rate monitors at rest and during exercise. As accurate measurement of heart rate is becoming increas ...
and Atrial Fibrillation - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
... decrease in the levels of miRNAs miR-133 and miR-590 was critical in atrial remodeling in the canine atrium [16]. Smoking was found to be an independent risk factor in the recurrence of AF/AFL after cardioversion in women while an increased risk of mortality and not arrhythmia was found in men [11]. ...
... decrease in the levels of miRNAs miR-133 and miR-590 was critical in atrial remodeling in the canine atrium [16]. Smoking was found to be an independent risk factor in the recurrence of AF/AFL after cardioversion in women while an increased risk of mortality and not arrhythmia was found in men [11]. ...
Echo in a Heartbeat
... With instantaneous, full-volume acquisition, imaging becomes the shortest part of the exam. Once the volumes are acquired, all the required 2D referenceplane images can be derived from the volume dataset. The single transducer solution with the 4Z1c transducer captures all the information that is ne ...
... With instantaneous, full-volume acquisition, imaging becomes the shortest part of the exam. Once the volumes are acquired, all the required 2D referenceplane images can be derived from the volume dataset. The single transducer solution with the 4Z1c transducer captures all the information that is ne ...
Relation between Doppler transmitral flow and wall motion
... After routine preparation for dipyridamole stress, two dimensional echocardiography was performed using a commercially available imaging system (ATL UltraMark 9, and 2.5 MHz transducers). The patients were studied in the left lateral decubitus position and standard parasternal long and short axis an ...
... After routine preparation for dipyridamole stress, two dimensional echocardiography was performed using a commercially available imaging system (ATL UltraMark 9, and 2.5 MHz transducers). The patients were studied in the left lateral decubitus position and standard parasternal long and short axis an ...
Correlation of Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Mass Index and
... Hypertension is a slow and a silent killer. For most of the initial period it causes no hemodynamic problems or symptoms. The heart copes up with the excess after load by myocyte hypertrophy, wherein the individual muscle cells enlarges due to increase in the number of its components, myofibrils mit ...
... Hypertension is a slow and a silent killer. For most of the initial period it causes no hemodynamic problems or symptoms. The heart copes up with the excess after load by myocyte hypertrophy, wherein the individual muscle cells enlarges due to increase in the number of its components, myofibrils mit ...
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE AS A BASIC PREVENTIVE
... of an exercise training programme designed specifically for the elderly, those aged 65+ (12). The study included a programme comprised of 28 sessions (30–40 minutes, 4 times a week) in the treatment group. The control group behaved according to standard recommendations. The intervened group showed a ...
... of an exercise training programme designed specifically for the elderly, those aged 65+ (12). The study included a programme comprised of 28 sessions (30–40 minutes, 4 times a week) in the treatment group. The control group behaved according to standard recommendations. The intervened group showed a ...
Chapter 18a
... • Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium • Left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle • Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve ...
... • Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium • Left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle • Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve ...
New Approaches to Evaluate Mechanical Dyssynchrony г Potential
... branch block than those with left bundle branch block. Bertola et al. calculated the TUS index from speckletracking strain data.35 They found that radial TUS predicted response to CRT (AUC = 0.65), whereas dyssynchrony measure (TsSD strain ) did not (AUC = 0.54) and was the only one that predicted L ...
... branch block than those with left bundle branch block. Bertola et al. calculated the TUS index from speckletracking strain data.35 They found that radial TUS predicted response to CRT (AUC = 0.65), whereas dyssynchrony measure (TsSD strain ) did not (AUC = 0.54) and was the only one that predicted L ...
Heart valve closure timing intervals in response to left ventricular
... measured in the left upper arm using a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer. This approximation is inexpensive and easy to perform, but it is not a real-time measurement; it may take half a minute for one measurement. Additionally, it is uncomfortable. A non-invasive, comfortable, accurate and high ti ...
... measured in the left upper arm using a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer. This approximation is inexpensive and easy to perform, but it is not a real-time measurement; it may take half a minute for one measurement. Additionally, it is uncomfortable. A non-invasive, comfortable, accurate and high ti ...
Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery
... An understanding of the physiology of the unique aspects of the circulation of the fetus and neonate, as well as the concept of the transitional circulation, had a profound impact on the development of treatment modalities in pediatric cardiology.8 –10 Basic understanding of developmental cardiovasc ...
... An understanding of the physiology of the unique aspects of the circulation of the fetus and neonate, as well as the concept of the transitional circulation, had a profound impact on the development of treatment modalities in pediatric cardiology.8 –10 Basic understanding of developmental cardiovasc ...
Chest Pain In Children And Adolescents
... Miscellaneous Causes of Noncardiac Chest Pain • Psychogenic Chest Pain-can result from anxiety or a conversion disorder triggered by recent stressors in personal or family life, can have other somatic complaints as well as sleep disturbances • Hyperventilation-either due to anxiety or panic disorde ...
... Miscellaneous Causes of Noncardiac Chest Pain • Psychogenic Chest Pain-can result from anxiety or a conversion disorder triggered by recent stressors in personal or family life, can have other somatic complaints as well as sleep disturbances • Hyperventilation-either due to anxiety or panic disorde ...
A study of left ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy by various
... dysfunction and failure (or) secondary to segmental myocardial disease involving the papillary muscle or its subjacent left ventricular wall. The results from this study indicated that there is an increase in left ventricular mass in diabetics as compared to people who are non diabetics. The MILISha ...
... dysfunction and failure (or) secondary to segmental myocardial disease involving the papillary muscle or its subjacent left ventricular wall. The results from this study indicated that there is an increase in left ventricular mass in diabetics as compared to people who are non diabetics. The MILISha ...
The Circulatory System
... Weakening of the heart over time; heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet body’s needs ...
... Weakening of the heart over time; heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet body’s needs ...
Advanced Cardiac Function: ECG Leads
... The cardiac cycle involves a sequential contraction of the atria and the ventricles. These contractions are triggered by the coordinated electrical activity of the myocardial cells. The electrical currents produced by the heart are large and can be recorded through electrodes placed on the skin. The ...
... The cardiac cycle involves a sequential contraction of the atria and the ventricles. These contractions are triggered by the coordinated electrical activity of the myocardial cells. The electrical currents produced by the heart are large and can be recorded through electrodes placed on the skin. The ...
Approach to a Dilated Right Ventricle
... dilated IVC with decreased inspiratory collapse due to increased RA pressure. The direct evidences are floating right heart thrombus, including IVC (Fig 6,7). Thrombus in pulmonary arterial circulation is seen in < 20% cases, but TEE may be more diagnostic. RVOT obstruction can be isolated or more c ...
... dilated IVC with decreased inspiratory collapse due to increased RA pressure. The direct evidences are floating right heart thrombus, including IVC (Fig 6,7). Thrombus in pulmonary arterial circulation is seen in < 20% cases, but TEE may be more diagnostic. RVOT obstruction can be isolated or more c ...
The Heart as a Pump
... The Instrument Operators will operate the syringe-pump as directed by the Timekeeper who can use a wrist watch or the wall clock to synchronize the pumping cycles specified for each part of the exercise. One of the instrument operators should let the syringe fill and empty several times until the la ...
... The Instrument Operators will operate the syringe-pump as directed by the Timekeeper who can use a wrist watch or the wall clock to synchronize the pumping cycles specified for each part of the exercise. One of the instrument operators should let the syringe fill and empty several times until the la ...
Effects of Repeated Sauna Treatment on Ventricular - J
... atients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have a high prevalence of potentially serious arrhythmias and consequently, a high incidence of sudden cardiac death.1–4 The presence of ventricular arrhythmias defines a higher-risk patient group with either ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy.5–9 Antiarr ...
... atients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have a high prevalence of potentially serious arrhythmias and consequently, a high incidence of sudden cardiac death.1–4 The presence of ventricular arrhythmias defines a higher-risk patient group with either ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy.5–9 Antiarr ...
11 Hypertension Disease characteristics Clinical features
... asthma is a reason to avoid β blockers. Some reasons to favour or avoid certain antihypertensives are summarized in Table 11.2. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so the patient may have other related conditions. Hyperlipidaemia is common in the population at risk of hyp ...
... asthma is a reason to avoid β blockers. Some reasons to favour or avoid certain antihypertensives are summarized in Table 11.2. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so the patient may have other related conditions. Hyperlipidaemia is common in the population at risk of hyp ...
Surgical Revascularization of the Left Anterior Descending Artery
... Postoperative, long-term follow-up was possible in the majority of patients (84 of 91) for a time period of 3-51 months (mean 25±7 months): one patient developed angina 6 months after the operation, angiography showed an anastomotic occlusion of the IMA which was successfully treated with PTCA and a ...
... Postoperative, long-term follow-up was possible in the majority of patients (84 of 91) for a time period of 3-51 months (mean 25±7 months): one patient developed angina 6 months after the operation, angiography showed an anastomotic occlusion of the IMA which was successfully treated with PTCA and a ...
Heart Failure Functional Class Associated with Depression Severity
... co-morbidities and HF symptom classes. As a second objective of our study, the associations between patient characteristics and depression severity were also assessed. Methods: Our study enrolled a total of 420 HF study participants. The severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was evaluated by B ...
... co-morbidities and HF symptom classes. As a second objective of our study, the associations between patient characteristics and depression severity were also assessed. Methods: Our study enrolled a total of 420 HF study participants. The severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was evaluated by B ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.