16 what is blood pressure
... high, then the lining of the blood vessels can be damaged. If you smoke or have high cholesterol, the damage to blood vessels may be increased. When the blood pressure is high the heart has to work much harder to pump the blood around the body. What Causes High Blood Pressure? Usually there is no de ...
... high, then the lining of the blood vessels can be damaged. If you smoke or have high cholesterol, the damage to blood vessels may be increased. When the blood pressure is high the heart has to work much harder to pump the blood around the body. What Causes High Blood Pressure? Usually there is no de ...
The structure and function of the mammalian heart
... oxygenated. The left side pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The heart squeezes the blood, which puts it under pressure forcing it along arteries. The heart is made mainly of dark red muscle, which surrounds the two main pumping chambers: the ventricles. Above the ventricles are two ...
... oxygenated. The left side pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The heart squeezes the blood, which puts it under pressure forcing it along arteries. The heart is made mainly of dark red muscle, which surrounds the two main pumping chambers: the ventricles. Above the ventricles are two ...
Dangerous Candy
... Warning put out by US Department of Customs and Immigration Do not take any unwrapped candies and already opened soda pop from anyone you don’t know. ...
... Warning put out by US Department of Customs and Immigration Do not take any unwrapped candies and already opened soda pop from anyone you don’t know. ...
Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
... aortic valve acts as a secondary pump • Muscular arteries – high-pressure conduits. Pressure waves within them are palpable as peripheral pulses. ...
... aortic valve acts as a secondary pump • Muscular arteries – high-pressure conduits. Pressure waves within them are palpable as peripheral pulses. ...
Applied Cardiovascular Physiology
... hypovolaemic states. Furthermore the increased airway pressures lead to increased pulmonary vascular pressures and this increases RV strain. It is noted that whilst PEEP may improve PaO2 the decrease in CO may actually lead to decreased O2 delivery to the tissues (remember that DO = CO(sats x Hb + d ...
... hypovolaemic states. Furthermore the increased airway pressures lead to increased pulmonary vascular pressures and this increases RV strain. It is noted that whilst PEEP may improve PaO2 the decrease in CO may actually lead to decreased O2 delivery to the tissues (remember that DO = CO(sats x Hb + d ...
EFFECT OF SHENMAI INJECTION ON CARDIAC FUNCTION IN
... groups were significantly improved ( p<0.05). The total effective ratios of the improvement about NYHA class in patients in treatment group (77.2%) is significantly higher than those in control group (65.3%) ( p<0.05). And the LVEF (0.61±0.18), SV (60.30 ±16.15) ml and serum BNP (300±25.6) ng/l of pat ...
... groups were significantly improved ( p<0.05). The total effective ratios of the improvement about NYHA class in patients in treatment group (77.2%) is significantly higher than those in control group (65.3%) ( p<0.05). And the LVEF (0.61±0.18), SV (60.30 ±16.15) ml and serum BNP (300±25.6) ng/l of pat ...
Chapter 9b
... lung capillaries, an enzyme in the lungs converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. ...
... lung capillaries, an enzyme in the lungs converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. ...
Diminished Baroreflex Sensitivity in High Blood Pressure
... McIlroy17 are of special interest. Their patients with primary aldosteronism demonstrated qualitative abnormalities of baroreflex function which were associated with deranged potassium, sodium, and water relationships. Degeneration of receptors in the carotid sinuses of patients who died with hypert ...
... McIlroy17 are of special interest. Their patients with primary aldosteronism demonstrated qualitative abnormalities of baroreflex function which were associated with deranged potassium, sodium, and water relationships. Degeneration of receptors in the carotid sinuses of patients who died with hypert ...
Post Operative Clinical Improvement in the Absence of Reverse
... intra-aortic balloon pump. Inotropic agents and intra-aortic balloon pump should be added in case of hypotension. • There is no evidence to support the use of vasodilators, including ACE inhibitors, in chronic MR without HF. • However, when HF has developed, ACE inhibitors are beneficial and should ...
... intra-aortic balloon pump. Inotropic agents and intra-aortic balloon pump should be added in case of hypotension. • There is no evidence to support the use of vasodilators, including ACE inhibitors, in chronic MR without HF. • However, when HF has developed, ACE inhibitors are beneficial and should ...
Circulatory System - Bingham-5th-2012
... excretory system because the blood carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the heart which it goes up to the lungs. It also carries other waste products to the liver or kidneys. If your system does not carry the waste you might have a stomach ache. ...
... excretory system because the blood carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the heart which it goes up to the lungs. It also carries other waste products to the liver or kidneys. If your system does not carry the waste you might have a stomach ache. ...
Document
... Layers of vessel get _________ as they approach ____________ C. Capillary Smallest diameter ~_____________ Diffusion of ___________, gases& waste between blood system & cells Can _______ or __________ depending on blood flow needed to area D. Venule Merge to form________________ Start pa ...
... Layers of vessel get _________ as they approach ____________ C. Capillary Smallest diameter ~_____________ Diffusion of ___________, gases& waste between blood system & cells Can _______ or __________ depending on blood flow needed to area D. Venule Merge to form________________ Start pa ...
Zapril - Medsafe
... Although serum potassium usually remains within normal limits, hyperkalemia may occur in some patients treated with cilazapril. Potassium sparing diuretics (e.g. spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride), potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes may lead to significant increa ...
... Although serum potassium usually remains within normal limits, hyperkalemia may occur in some patients treated with cilazapril. Potassium sparing diuretics (e.g. spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride), potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes may lead to significant increa ...
Genefest programmes and links to syllabus
... Inheritance – sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia ...
... Inheritance – sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia ...
Human Heart Chapter
... back to the body, where oxygen is released and carbon dioxide is collected. The complete division of the heart insures that there is no mixing of deoxygenated blood (in the right side) with oxygenated blood (in the left side). ...
... back to the body, where oxygen is released and carbon dioxide is collected. The complete division of the heart insures that there is no mixing of deoxygenated blood (in the right side) with oxygenated blood (in the left side). ...
Hypertension in Dogs and Cats
... As elevations in blood pressure become more pronounced, clinical signs directly attributable to hypertension may become apparent.3 The first signs of hypertension often manifest in the eyes, heart, brain, and kidneys.3 Hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy are common sequelae to unregulated hyp ...
... As elevations in blood pressure become more pronounced, clinical signs directly attributable to hypertension may become apparent.3 The first signs of hypertension often manifest in the eyes, heart, brain, and kidneys.3 Hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy are common sequelae to unregulated hyp ...
Cardiac AP Review Notes
... o Parasympathetic nerves Adrenergic receptor function o Beta-adrenergic receptors o Norepinephrine or epinephrine Cardiac Performance Cardiac output o Preload Left ventricular end-diastolic volume Laplace law Frank-Starling law of the heart o Afterload Load muscle must move after it star ...
... o Parasympathetic nerves Adrenergic receptor function o Beta-adrenergic receptors o Norepinephrine or epinephrine Cardiac Performance Cardiac output o Preload Left ventricular end-diastolic volume Laplace law Frank-Starling law of the heart o Afterload Load muscle must move after it star ...
Cilazapril - AFT, Tablet
... Treatment with cilazapril should be initiated with a dose of 0.5 mg or 0.25 mg once daily since these patients may experience more pronounced decreases in blood pressure in response to ACE inhibitors than patients with essential hypertension. The maintenance dose should be adjusted individually. Hyp ...
... Treatment with cilazapril should be initiated with a dose of 0.5 mg or 0.25 mg once daily since these patients may experience more pronounced decreases in blood pressure in response to ACE inhibitors than patients with essential hypertension. The maintenance dose should be adjusted individually. Hyp ...
The Heart
... The Blood vessel Arteries (singular: artery) carry blood away from the heart and, eventually, to the capillaries. Arteries contain muscle tissue, which allows them to vary their diameters. Vasoconstriction (a narrowing of the artery's diameter) ...
... The Blood vessel Arteries (singular: artery) carry blood away from the heart and, eventually, to the capillaries. Arteries contain muscle tissue, which allows them to vary their diameters. Vasoconstriction (a narrowing of the artery's diameter) ...
The Significance of Carotid Siphon Calcifications - Member
... observed on emergency CT scans and conditions known to be predictors of vascular disease. Relationships between carotid calcifications with historical predictors also are analyzed using a multivariate regression technique. Materials & Methods A retrospective, cross sectional study was performed on 2 ...
... observed on emergency CT scans and conditions known to be predictors of vascular disease. Relationships between carotid calcifications with historical predictors also are analyzed using a multivariate regression technique. Materials & Methods A retrospective, cross sectional study was performed on 2 ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.