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The Heart
The Heart

... • Stimulation by sympathetic ANS • Hormone (epinephrine based) • Increased extracellular Ca2+ • Drugs like Digitalis – Negative inotropic agents • Inhibition of sympathetic ANS • anoxia • acidosis • Some anesthetics • High extracellular K+ • Afterload - arterial pressure ventricles must exceed to ej ...
The Heart
The Heart

... • Stimulation by sympathetic ANS • Hormone (epinephrine based) • Increased extracellular Ca2+ • Drugs like Digitalis – Negative inotropic agents • Inhibition of sympathetic ANS • anoxia • acidosis • Some anesthetics • High extracellular K+ • Afterload - arterial pressure ventricles must exceed to ej ...
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System

... that help and control the flow of the blood around the body. This process is called circulation. The main parts of the system are the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The average adult heart can beat up to 70 times per minute. If there are 1,440 minutes in a day there would be… ...
Seminars in nephrology 2006 : 26(6) 434-440
Seminars in nephrology 2006 : 26(6) 434-440

... used throughout the millennia for its taste and for medical purposes name "liquorice" or "licorice" is derived from the old French licoresse and the ancient Greek work glukurrhiza, meaning "sweet root.“ Glycyrrhizin (GL), a component of licorice roots  Metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) ...
48x48 Poster Template
48x48 Poster Template

... Serial stop-frame short-axis two-dimensional echocardiographic images of the left ventricle at the mitral chordal level with diagrams from a patient with isolated right ventricular (RV) pressure overload due to primary pulmonary hypertension (left) and from a patient with isolated RV volume overload ...
Anatomy of the Heart
Anatomy of the Heart

... ► carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart ...
Microscopic Anatomy: Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Microscopic Anatomy: Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

Circulatory System
Circulatory System

... What is water? ...
Functions of the Circulatory System
Functions of the Circulatory System

... Functions of the Circulatory System  Protection:  Clotting: Blood contains clotting factors and platelets- when activated prevent blood loss through clot formation  Immune: Blood contains leucocytes (white blood ...
Cardiology ACHD Checklist (link is external)
Cardiology ACHD Checklist (link is external)

...  A face to face training course covering the core curriculum over 1 - 2 days Or  Complete the on line training course provided through ISACHD (link through BCS website) and complete the selfassessment. And should complete  Ideally a minimum of a two week attachment in an ACHD surgical specialist ...
Quest Review for Respiratory and Cardiovascular
Quest Review for Respiratory and Cardiovascular

... ________________takes air in from outside body, hairs clean out some dust ________________common area for food, drink, and air ________________muscle that forces air into and out of lungs ________________flap that keeps food and drink from entering the windpipe ________________double tubes direct ai ...
INTRODUCTION It gives us great pleasure to
INTRODUCTION It gives us great pleasure to

... mortality attributable to sudden cardiac death. Sudden cardiac death is the most common and often the first manifestation of coronary heart disease and occurrence of fatal ventricular fibrillation is associated with ischemic heart, hypertension and hypertrophy as well as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Alt ...
TEXTBOOK PAGES 582-589 Q`S 1
TEXTBOOK PAGES 582-589 Q`S 1

... GOING TO OR FROM BODY PARTS OTHER THAN THE HEART AND LUNGS ...
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

... the blood moves to the left ventricle, through the bicuspid valve, which pumps it out to the body (via the aorta). On both sides, the lower ventricles are thicker and stronger than the upper atria. The muscle wall surrounding the left ventricle is thicker than the wall surrounding the right ventricl ...
Short term mechanism
Short term mechanism

I can: Explain that plants require transport systems to move
I can: Explain that plants require transport systems to move

... Describe the flow of water from the root hair cells, up xylem vessels and into the mesophyll cells of the leaf, finally leaving the plant by diffusing through the stomata. ...
cardiovascular fitness- the circulatory system
cardiovascular fitness- the circulatory system

... The most common primary diagnosis in the United States, 50 million American affected. Only 70% are aware they have HTN Of those aware of their HTN, only 50% are being treated. Only 25% of all hypertensive patients have their BP under control HTN is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), co ...
No Slide Title - Pegasus @ UCF
No Slide Title - Pegasus @ UCF

... Rheumatic Vascular lesions cause an autoimmune disease in which the heart valves are likely to be damaged . It is caused by a group A streptococcal toxin such as the ones which cause sore throat, scarlet fever, or middle ear infection. ...
Applied Exercise Physiology
Applied Exercise Physiology

contractility
contractility

... Also referred to as systolic HF. Randomized clinical trials have mainly enrolled patients with HFrEF and it is only in these patients that efficacious therapies have been demonstrated to date. Also referred to as diastolic HF. Several different criteria have been used to further define HFpEF. The di ...
MS Word - Wonderstruck
MS Word - Wonderstruck

... Veins have thinner walls and larger lumen than arteries. Vein walls comprise a lining of endothelial cells, a middle layer of muscular tissue and an outer layer of collagen. The middle layer of muscular tissue is much thinner than that of an artery. Veins also differ from arteries in having valves w ...
Methodological Instruction to Practical Lesson № 12
Methodological Instruction to Practical Lesson № 12

... functions central and vegetative parts of nervous system. For example, the increase of activity parasymphatic nervous system lead to delay of conductivity. Similar is observed also by overdose of some medicin drugs (digitalis, quinidine, morphine). If bradycardia is accompanied complete atrioventric ...
heart - UNAIR | E
heart - UNAIR | E

... • In general, arranged like the arteries, but are usually of greater caliber. • Vena comitans or satellite vein ; a vein accompanies an artery and is usually homonymous. • Venous plexuses: anasthomose several veins. • Venous sinuses: vein is enclosed by dense membranes and run usually in bony groove ...
WATERS Mini Lesson
WATERS Mini Lesson

... Key Questions: (1) How does blood flow through the heart? (2) What do the peaks on the EKG mean? (3) How does the heart keep its rhythm? Begin class with a lecture using the “Heart Powerpoint”. Give the students 5-10 minutes to fill in the “Blood Flow through Heart” worksheet. The remaining 30 minut ...
Rx for Success - Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) (014)
Rx for Success - Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) (014)

... Heart attacks are a leading cause of death in America. They result from blood vessel disease in the heart. Infarction occurs as the blood supply to an area becomes totally blocked, usually as a result of coronary artery disease. An area of partial blockage may clot (thrombose) or may rupture, causin ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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