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Diseases: what can go wrong with the cardiovascular system? http
Diseases: what can go wrong with the cardiovascular system? http

... affecting the cardiovascular system, is a serious one. Although it shows no symptoms, hypertension should be treated. If left unchecked, it can lead to atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage. Hypertension most often strikes African Americans, middle-aged ...
ASD-Atrial Septal Defect
ASD-Atrial Septal Defect

... Your health care team may have given you this information as part of your care. If so, please use it and call if you have any questions. If this information was not given to you as part of your care, please check with your doctor. This is not medical advice. This is not to be used for diagnosis or t ...
Cardiovascular_system_disorders_reading
Cardiovascular_system_disorders_reading

... affecting the cardiovascular system, is a serious one. Although it shows no symptoms, hypertension should be treated. If left unchecked, it can lead to atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage. Hypertension most often strikes African Americans, middle-aged ...
Moseby Berge_2013_Hypertension_Blood pressure in professional
Moseby Berge_2013_Hypertension_Blood pressure in professional

... their height and weight, if they used snuff every day or the presence of familial hypertension or diabetes in a first-degree relative under the age of 55 years. Also, they were asked whether their ethnicity were white, Afro-American (black) or other. When in doubt, birthplace or parents homeland wer ...
Cardiovascular Regulation
Cardiovascular Regulation

... Heart Rate Regulation • The heart has both intrinsic (situated within the heart) and extrinsic (originating outside the heart) regulation. • Many myocardial cells have unique potential for spontaneous electrical activity (intrinsic rhythm). • In normal heart, spontaneous electrical activity is limi ...
File
File

... MVP Most common form of valvular heart disease, occurring in 2 – 6% of the population. Causes: Unknown Thought to be linked to heredity. May be due to: •ischemic damage (caused by decreased blood flow as a result of coronary artery disease) •damage to valvular structures during acute myocardial inf ...
Structure of the Heart
Structure of the Heart

... 2. Heart Murmurs – A heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat which is not dangerous. Murmurs range from very faint to very loud. Sometimes they sound like a whooshing or swishing ...
Heart - El Camino College
Heart - El Camino College

... 14. Flow of blood is Superior and Inferior Vena cava Atria  Ventricles Pulmonary and Aortic trunks. The part receiving blood always has lower blood pressure than part passing blood into it. 15. Hormonal Regulation – Epinephrine and Norepinephrine increase both heart beat and stroke volume. Thyroi ...
Phisiology (L04) Slide#86: back to slides 66,67 and 68 for more
Phisiology (L04) Slide#86: back to slides 66,67 and 68 for more

Circulatory System.notebook
Circulatory System.notebook

... Pulmonary artery­ vessels that carries blood away from heart to lung Pulmonary Vein ­ vessels that carries blood from lung to heart Valves­ gates in heart that keep unoxygenated blood from mixing with  oxygenated blood • Blood Pressure­ the force exerted by blood against the walls of the  artery. Hi ...
respiratory 221 - respiratorytherapyfiles.net
respiratory 221 - respiratorytherapyfiles.net

... PAP- elevated PAP are usually found in patients with the following conditions 1. left ventricular heart failure (CHF) or fluid overload 2. Pulmonary hypertension from COPD-(systolic PAP exceeds 40mmHg) 3. Pulmonary hypertension from P.E systolic PAP less than 40mmHg  PCWP- considered “elevated” whe ...
Case 2 - POGOe
Case 2 - POGOe

... night to diminish the development of tolerance; often causes severe headaches when taken initially, but tolerance develops to this side-effect, also causes orthostatic hypo tension and reflex tachycardia if not taken with a beta blocker. Ipratropium bromide metered-dose inhaler 2 puffs qid. -- musca ...
File
File

... • Contraction of the heart produces a pressure within the circulatory system • The force of blood on the wall of the arteries is known as blood pressure ...
Workshop Vital Signs Assessment, 2011
Workshop Vital Signs Assessment, 2011

... ● Because of the importance of these measurements they are referred to as Vital Signs. They are important indicators of the body’s response to physical, environmental, and psychological stressors. ...
Chapter 33 - Bakersfield College
Chapter 33 - Bakersfield College

... –Force exerted against walls of arteries by blood as it is pumped from the heart –Mean arterial pressure is regulated by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance •MAP = CO x PVR ...
Chapter 12 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Pages 388
Chapter 12 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Pages 388

... muscles to the tricuspid valve and mitral valve Connected to Papillary Muscle. Cone shaped projections on the inner surface of the ventricle  Contraction of papillary muscles tenses the chordae tendineae and prevents the backflow of blood into the right and left atrium. ...
Potential of Telemedicine Feb 2010f
Potential of Telemedicine Feb 2010f

... With each event, hemodynamic alterations/myocardial injury contribute to progressive ventricular dysfunction Acute event ...
The Cardiovascular System_ppt
The Cardiovascular System_ppt

... Vena cava – are the largest veins in the body and carry blood to the right side of the heart  Structure – have thinner walls than arteries – they absorb less of the force of the heart’s contractions - also contain muscle  Blood is also moved along veins with contractions of skeletal muscle around ...
Anatomy Review: The Heart
Anatomy Review: The Heart

... Interactive Physiology ...
Nitrin® SR - Healthcare Pharmaceuticals
Nitrin® SR - Healthcare Pharmaceuticals

... Sildenafil has been shown to potentiate the hypotensive effects of nitrates, and its co-administration with nitrates or nitric oxide donors is therefore contraindicated. Special Warnings and Precautions: As with other drugs for the treatment of angina pectoris, abrupt discontinuation of therapy may ...
Systolic Heart Failure
Systolic Heart Failure

... a symptomatic exacerbation of HF requiring hospitalization during chronic maintenance treatment with oral therapies known to improve outcomes, particularly ACE inhibitors or ARBs and beta-blocker therapy, it is recommended that these therapies be continued in most patients in the absence of hemodyna ...
Regulation of Heart Rate Cardioaccelatory center
Regulation of Heart Rate Cardioaccelatory center

... branch off the ascending aorta. First vessels above the aortic semilunar valve – most important to make sure the heart has blood ...
Chapter 11 – Part 4 The Cardiovascular System
Chapter 11 – Part 4 The Cardiovascular System

... minute) equals heart rate (beats per minute).  Pulse averages 70-76 beats per minute in a normal resting person.  Pulse is influenced by activity, postural changes, and emotions. ...
Prevention and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Patients at
Prevention and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Patients at

... of HF. Each 1% increase in its level was associated with an 8% increase in the risk of HF hospitalization or death. An HbA1c level ⱖ10, relative to HbA1c ⬍7, was associated with 1.56-fold (95% CI, 1.26 to 1.93) greater risk of HF.31 Diabetes is not only a risk factor for HF in patients without struc ...
Adrenergic Agents. Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Adrenergic Agents. Adrenergic Blocking Agents

... • Increased force of contraction (positive inotropic effect) • Increased heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) • Increased conduction through the AV node (positive dromotropic effect) ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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