Download The Cardiovascular System_ppt

A Map of Sprinter Railway
What is the function of this
transportation system?
The Cardiovascular
System
AKA
The Circulatory System
Functions

Carries needed
materials
– Oxygen from lungs to
body
– Glucose to the body

Removes waste
– Carbon dioxide from
body to lungs

Fights Disease
– Cells of the blood
destroy microorganisms
Organs of the Cardiovascular
system
Heart
 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins

Heart
•Function- Pumps blood
through the cardiovascular
system
•Made of – Cardiac muscle
•It is involuntary
•It never tires
•It is striated
Heart Structure
Has two sides separated by a wall called
the septum
 Each side has two chambers

– Top chambers are called atria (atrium)
– Bottom chambers are called ventricles
The pacemaker is a group of cells that
start each muscle contraction
 Valves – are flaps that stop blood from
flowing backwards

How the heart works
Phase One - Muscle relaxes and heart fills with
blood
 Phase Two - Muscle contracts and blood is
pushed out of the heart

– Atria contract and blood is pushed from atria through
valves into the ventricles
– Ventricles contract and blood is pushed through
valves into the body

Each contraction of the muscle exerts a force on
the blood
Blood vessels
When blood leaves
the heart it travels
through blood vessels
 Blood vessel types

– Arteries – carry blood
away from heart
– Capillaries where
materials are
exchanged between
body cells and blood
– Veins – carry blood
back to the heart
Artery grown from a patients own skin cells
Capillary
Blood Flow
The heart is two pumps:
 First loop – through lungs

– Blood travels from heart to lungs and back to
the heart

Second loop – through body
– Blood travels from heart through the body
and back to the heart
First loop
The pump to the lungs
Blood going into the atrium of the right
side of the heart has little oxygen and is
dark red
 Blood is pumped through the right valve
into the right ventricle
 Blood is pushed out of the ventricle
through the lungs where it picks up
oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide
 Blood returns to the left side of the heart

Blood travels from the heart
to the lungs and back. It picks
up oxygen in the lungs
Second loop
The pump to the body
Blood going into the atrium of the left side of
the heart has a lot of oxygen and is bright red
 Blood is pumped through the left valve into the
left ventricle and then out into the aorta
 The aorta branches into capillaries where
oxygen is transferred from the blood to the body
cells and carbon dioxide is removed

The blood travels from the heart to the body and back. In the body, it delivers
oxygen to the body cells and removes carbon dioxide
Arteries
carry blood away from heart





Aorta – the largest artery, carries blood out of the left
side of the heart
Coronary arteries – carry blood to the heart muscle
Structure – arteries have thick muscular walls to absorb
force of heart contractions
Pulse – is when the arteries are expanded by the blood
being pushed through by the heart’s contractions
Control blood flow – the muscles in the walls of the
arteries can expand and contract to allow more or less
blood to flow through them
Artery
Capillaries
Materials are exchanged between the
blood and body cells
 Walls of capillaries are one cell thick and
oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose can pass
through easily
 Materials pass through the walls of the
capillaries by a process called diffusion

Capillaries have walls that are one cell thick and lets material through
Veins
carry blood to the heart
Vena cava – are the largest veins in the body
and carry blood to the right side of the heart
 Structure – have thinner walls than arteries –
they absorb less of the force of the heart’s
contractions - also contain muscle
 Blood is also moved along veins with
contractions of skeletal muscle around them and
backward flow is prevented by valves along the
insides of the walls

Valves along the vein prevent blood backflow
Veins have thinner walls
Than arteries
Vein
Blood pressure
Caused by the
ventricles of the heart
pushing the blood
with a force
 Blood is pushed
through the blood
vessels because of
this force
 Blood pressure
decreases the farther
you are from the

Measuring blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer – measures
millimeters of Mercury
 Two numbers are obtained

– One when the heart is contracting
– Second is when the heart is relaxed
Diseases
Coronary disease
Blocked coronary arteries prevent delivery of
Oxygen to the heart muscle and results in the
Death of cardiac muscle
Diseases
Varicose veins
When your muscles are relaxed the
vein valves are closed and blood
pools. This might cause the walls of
the veins to become damaged.
Valves can also become damaged
Diseases
Arteriosclerosis