The Circulatory System
... Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that provide blood to the heart muscle tissue itself. These arteries can be blocked with fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances that normally circulate in the blood. This disease can be diagnosed with the help of a special X-ray called angiogram, in w ...
... Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that provide blood to the heart muscle tissue itself. These arteries can be blocked with fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances that normally circulate in the blood. This disease can be diagnosed with the help of a special X-ray called angiogram, in w ...
After atrial excitation, impulse travels through the AV node
... Para-‐ SA and AV node innervation – Ach from Vagus bind muscarinic – reduce CAMP activity. Also Ach increase K+ permeability of pace maker cells in SA node-‐ K+ channel open = hyperpolarisation and ...
... Para-‐ SA and AV node innervation – Ach from Vagus bind muscarinic – reduce CAMP activity. Also Ach increase K+ permeability of pace maker cells in SA node-‐ K+ channel open = hyperpolarisation and ...
Laboratory Exercise 16: Blood Pressure
... stretching of the wall. Since the vessels are less elastic, they cannot recoil during diastole and apply sufficient pressure to push the blood from the arteries, blood remains in the vessels so that the end diastolic pressure (EDP) and EDV are higher than normal. Under conditions of the hardening of ...
... stretching of the wall. Since the vessels are less elastic, they cannot recoil during diastole and apply sufficient pressure to push the blood from the arteries, blood remains in the vessels so that the end diastolic pressure (EDP) and EDV are higher than normal. Under conditions of the hardening of ...
Statin therapy - Gastaldi Congressi
... LIPID) have shown significant benefits of statins in reducing CV events including stroke • CARDS—the first prospective statin trial in patients with diabetes— terminated 2 years earlier than anticipated due to a highly significant reduction in major CV events compared with placebo • High-dose statin ...
... LIPID) have shown significant benefits of statins in reducing CV events including stroke • CARDS—the first prospective statin trial in patients with diabetes— terminated 2 years earlier than anticipated due to a highly significant reduction in major CV events compared with placebo • High-dose statin ...
Drug Information Sheet("Kusuri-no-Shiori") Injection Revised: 08
... details may vary by country. Medicines have adverse reactions (risks) as well as efficacies (benefits). It is important to minimize adverse reactions and maximize efficacy. To obtain a better therapeutic response, patients should understand their medication and cooperate with the treatment. ...
... details may vary by country. Medicines have adverse reactions (risks) as well as efficacies (benefits). It is important to minimize adverse reactions and maximize efficacy. To obtain a better therapeutic response, patients should understand their medication and cooperate with the treatment. ...
Lecture 20 Final Exam Preparation Part 1
... • Nitroglycerin: treats angina pectoris (suffocating chest pain). Occurs when the coronary arteries become constricted and are not able carry sufficient oxygen to the heart muscle. ...
... • Nitroglycerin: treats angina pectoris (suffocating chest pain). Occurs when the coronary arteries become constricted and are not able carry sufficient oxygen to the heart muscle. ...
Hypertension Provider Toolkit
... • The potassium-sparing diuretics don’t cause the body to lose potassium. They might be prescribed alone, but are usually used with another diuretic (see Combination diuretics above). • People with diabetes may find that diuretic drugs increase their blood sugar level. A change in medication, diet ...
... • The potassium-sparing diuretics don’t cause the body to lose potassium. They might be prescribed alone, but are usually used with another diuretic (see Combination diuretics above). • People with diabetes may find that diuretic drugs increase their blood sugar level. A change in medication, diet ...
Basic Hemodynamics for the Cath Lab and ICU
... 4. Critically assess the pressure waveforms for proper fidelity. 5. Carefully time pressure events with the ECG. 6. Review the tracings for common artifacts ...
... 4. Critically assess the pressure waveforms for proper fidelity. 5. Carefully time pressure events with the ECG. 6. Review the tracings for common artifacts ...
ACP-01 - Hemostemix
... This presentation contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made. For this purpose, any statements that are contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward- ...
... This presentation contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made. For this purpose, any statements that are contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward- ...
Circulatory System
... MI or heart attack Lack of blood supply to myocardium causes damage Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot atherosclerosis- plaque build up on arterial walls, or arteriosclerosis- loss of elasticity and thickening of ...
... MI or heart attack Lack of blood supply to myocardium causes damage Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot atherosclerosis- plaque build up on arterial walls, or arteriosclerosis- loss of elasticity and thickening of ...
6 Human physiology
... about by enzymes that are secreted onto the broken up food in particular regions of the gut, under carefully controlled conditions of pH. 2 Enzymes, many secreted by the pancreas, digest most macromolecules in food into monomers in the small intestine. Proteins are hydrolysed to amino acids by prot ...
... about by enzymes that are secreted onto the broken up food in particular regions of the gut, under carefully controlled conditions of pH. 2 Enzymes, many secreted by the pancreas, digest most macromolecules in food into monomers in the small intestine. Proteins are hydrolysed to amino acids by prot ...
William Harvey and the discovery of the circulation of the blood
... think that it might rather have a certain movement, as it were, in a circle..." In Chapter 13, Harvey summarized the substance of his findings: "It has been shown by reason and experiment that blood by the beat of the ventricles flows through the lungs and heart and is pumped to the whole body. Ther ...
... think that it might rather have a certain movement, as it were, in a circle..." In Chapter 13, Harvey summarized the substance of his findings: "It has been shown by reason and experiment that blood by the beat of the ventricles flows through the lungs and heart and is pumped to the whole body. Ther ...
Overview: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of
... Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Disability or death can strike those with very mild forms of the disease or those who may not even be aware of having the condition. CHD is more common in men than in women; age is another significant risk factor. CHD e ...
... Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Disability or death can strike those with very mild forms of the disease or those who may not even be aware of having the condition. CHD is more common in men than in women; age is another significant risk factor. CHD e ...
Yes (+1)
... 1960 Cigarette smoking found to increase the risk of heart disease 1961 Cholesterol level, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram abnormalities found to increase the risk of heart disease 1967 Physical activity found to reduce the risk of heart disease and obesity to increase the risk of heart diseas ...
... 1960 Cigarette smoking found to increase the risk of heart disease 1961 Cholesterol level, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram abnormalities found to increase the risk of heart disease 1967 Physical activity found to reduce the risk of heart disease and obesity to increase the risk of heart diseas ...
Treatment of Congestive Cardiac Failure
... 4) Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) In contrast to ACE inhibitors which prevent the adverse effects of angiotensin II by blocking its synthesis though ACE, angiotensin receptor blockers prevent angiotensin II from acting on the cell by selectively blocking angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors an ...
... 4) Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) In contrast to ACE inhibitors which prevent the adverse effects of angiotensin II by blocking its synthesis though ACE, angiotensin receptor blockers prevent angiotensin II from acting on the cell by selectively blocking angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors an ...
Factfile: Pulmonary Hypertension
... Investigations should include chest X-ray and ECG which are abnormal in 85% of patients in the later stages of the condition. The chest X-ray may show cardiomegaly with enlargement of the proximal pulmonary arteries. The ECG may show right axis deviation, tall peaked p waves and either a dominant R ...
... Investigations should include chest X-ray and ECG which are abnormal in 85% of patients in the later stages of the condition. The chest X-ray may show cardiomegaly with enlargement of the proximal pulmonary arteries. The ECG may show right axis deviation, tall peaked p waves and either a dominant R ...
Heart Disease in Asia - World Heart Federation
... ethnic group. This genetic predisposition can be exaggerated by nutritional and environmental factors.15 The profile of cardiovascular disease tends to be different in Asia, where there are more strokes than coronary heart disease events, and strokes are more often hemorrhagic than ischemic compared ...
... ethnic group. This genetic predisposition can be exaggerated by nutritional and environmental factors.15 The profile of cardiovascular disease tends to be different in Asia, where there are more strokes than coronary heart disease events, and strokes are more often hemorrhagic than ischemic compared ...
Synopsis of Causation Coronary Heart Disease
... 2.3.2. When there is damage to the muscle, there is release of enzymes into the blood stream, which can be detected in the biochemistry laboratory. There are several such markers that can be measured, but troponin T is both sensitive and specific in detecting myocardial injury. 2.4. Myocardial infar ...
... 2.3.2. When there is damage to the muscle, there is release of enzymes into the blood stream, which can be detected in the biochemistry laboratory. There are several such markers that can be measured, but troponin T is both sensitive and specific in detecting myocardial injury. 2.4. Myocardial infar ...
Chapter 20 Reading Guide - Student
... the spinal cord, sympathetic cardiac accelerator nerves extend out to the SA node, AV node, and most portions of the myocardium. When impulses reach the cardiac accelerator nerves, what hormone is released and what effects does this hormone have? ...
... the spinal cord, sympathetic cardiac accelerator nerves extend out to the SA node, AV node, and most portions of the myocardium. When impulses reach the cardiac accelerator nerves, what hormone is released and what effects does this hormone have? ...
Cardio92-Hemodynamics
... Venous: 15ml of O2/100ml of blood (You get a sample of mixed venous blood from the pulmonary artery using a catheter.) Be able to work problems using these to determine the cardiac output. 7. Splitting of the Second Heart Sound—Dr. Downey didn’t read the power point, but commented that he’d seen b ...
... Venous: 15ml of O2/100ml of blood (You get a sample of mixed venous blood from the pulmonary artery using a catheter.) Be able to work problems using these to determine the cardiac output. 7. Splitting of the Second Heart Sound—Dr. Downey didn’t read the power point, but commented that he’d seen b ...
Topic: Circulatory system Reading: Chapter 32 Main concepts: •The
... • In an open circulatory system, as seen in arthropods, a heart circulates fluid within an open body cavity. • In a closed circulatory system, as seen in vertebrates, a heart circulates blood in a closed loop made up of blood vessels. • Three types of blood vessels: • Arteries move blood away from t ...
... • In an open circulatory system, as seen in arthropods, a heart circulates fluid within an open body cavity. • In a closed circulatory system, as seen in vertebrates, a heart circulates blood in a closed loop made up of blood vessels. • Three types of blood vessels: • Arteries move blood away from t ...
The main features of the animal circulatory system are
... • Common use of the word “blood,” such as “I have Irish blood,” gives people the impression that blood plays a role in heredity. This was an old belief, from before the discovery of the principles of genetics, when people believed that traits were inherited by some kind of blending of fluids from bo ...
... • Common use of the word “blood,” such as “I have Irish blood,” gives people the impression that blood plays a role in heredity. This was an old belief, from before the discovery of the principles of genetics, when people believed that traits were inherited by some kind of blending of fluids from bo ...
m5zn_267a8660811591f
... gauge, release the pressure valve just enough to allow pressure to being falling in the cuff. With your own hand on the subject’s wrist, note when a pulse is felt and at the same instance read the pressure from the gauge and record this pressure as the subject’s systolic pressure. Using the palpator ...
... gauge, release the pressure valve just enough to allow pressure to being falling in the cuff. With your own hand on the subject’s wrist, note when a pulse is felt and at the same instance read the pressure from the gauge and record this pressure as the subject’s systolic pressure. Using the palpator ...
Ch. 4 notes
... • MOST NUMEROUS CELLS IN THE BLOOD • ROUND WITH FLATTENED HATS AND THICKENED RIMS AND FLAT CENTERS – CENTERS ARE SO THIN THEY SEEM CLEAR – THINNESS ENABLES THEM TO BEND IN THE CENTER TO SQUEEZE THROUGH NARROW ...
... • MOST NUMEROUS CELLS IN THE BLOOD • ROUND WITH FLATTENED HATS AND THICKENED RIMS AND FLAT CENTERS – CENTERS ARE SO THIN THEY SEEM CLEAR – THINNESS ENABLES THEM TO BEND IN THE CENTER TO SQUEEZE THROUGH NARROW ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.