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Blood pressure: 150/100, occasionally higher Elevated levels of
Blood pressure: 150/100, occasionally higher Elevated levels of

... Some WBC convert LDL to toxic oxidized form  more WBC go here  creates inflammation High levels increase heart disease Bloodclot resulting from high LDL can lead to heart attack ...
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The Heart and its Function - School of Medicine
The Heart and its Function - School of Medicine

... blood into the central veins increasing CVP However, increasing CO with exercise puts more blood into the arteries and reduces CVP – ↓preload, ↑afterload Venoconstriction during exercise increases CVP Venodilation of the skin occurs in hot environments decreases CVP ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... • Aorta – the main trunk of the arterial system and begins from the left ventricle of the heart. • Coronary artery – branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the myocardium. • Arterioles – smaller thinner branches of arteries, carry blood to the capillaries ...
What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

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Treatment and Nursing Care
Treatment and Nursing Care

...  Just because someone is guiac (+) does not mean that there is active bleeding!!  Other things that can cause (+) guiac—a false positive:  Red wine  Red meat  Previous bleed (within 10 days) ...
Key to PS 4 - Napa Valley College
Key to PS 4 - Napa Valley College

... a) How do you explain the discrepancy between the large increase in Dave’s cardiac output and the relatively small change in his MAP? (Hint: MAP = CO X TPR). Does Dave’s total peripheral resistance increase or decrease during exercise? Since C.O. increases by a large factor and MAP changes relativel ...
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Tetralogy of Fallot

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Urinary Homeostasis: Homeostasis

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Genetic Screening for Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic

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Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) - Bardstown Veterinary Clinic

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Management of Chronic Heart Failure in General

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Chapter 19

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RT 101 A and P CV

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Circulatory System
Circulatory System

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Cardiovascular Dynamics Abbreviated File

... Extrinsic Control of Contractility • At any given EDV, contraction depends upon level of sympathoadrenal activity – NE & Epi produce an increase in HR & contraction (positive inotropic effect) • Due to increased Ca2+ in sarcomeres Fig 14.4 ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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