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Transcripts/4_15 2
Transcripts/4_15 2

... b. As you increase RAP, you increase the CO. RAP is on the other side of the heart and the force that pushes blood into the ventricle, getting ejected. The more blood it gets, the more it will eject. More blood goes higher and higher until you reach another plateau. c. Why does this happen? Because ...
天 津 医 科 大 学 授 课 教 案
天 津 医 科 大 学 授 课 教 案

... delivery. The etiology unknown / preexisting cardiomyopathy not apparent prior to pregnancy. Cardiac enlargement, mural thrombi,myocardial degeneration and fibrosis. The patient typically multiparous, black, and over the age of 30. Symptoms, signs, and treatment are similar to idiopathic dilated car ...
Ch. 15 Outline
Ch. 15 Outline

... A. Blood pressure decreases as the blood moves through the arterial system and into the capillary network, so little pressure remains at the venular ends of the capillaries B. Only partly a direct result of heart action C. Dependent on: 1. Skeletal muscle contraction 2. Breathing 3. Venoconstrictio ...
Heart B
Heart B

... Contractility – cardiac cell contractile force due to factors other than EDV Afterload – back pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries leaving the heart ...
cardiogenic shock - Developing Anaesthesia
cardiogenic shock - Developing Anaesthesia

... Noradrenaline ++ ...
Health Science Exam Three You can write on this exam. Please put
Health Science Exam Three You can write on this exam. Please put

... a. Women should drink 3 to 4 drinks a day. b. Men can drink as much as they want, as long as it is beer. c. The liver is the only organ adversely affected by heavy drinking. d. Any health benefits from alcohol are negated by heavy use. e. None of the above are true. ...
Health Science Exam Three You can write on this exam. Please put
Health Science Exam Three You can write on this exam. Please put

... a. they have a lower alcohol tolerance. b. the stomach enzyme that metabolizes alcohol is less active in women than in men. c. they metabolize alcohol more slowly in the liver. d. they metabolize more alcohol in the stomach. e. none of the above. 71. At what blood alcohol concentration are you likel ...
Chapter 19: The Heart
Chapter 19: The Heart

... • project into the ventricular cavity – play a role in valve function • (muscle folds = trabeculae carnae – some are stalklike and attach to valves = papillary muscles) ...
B. 14 Antidysrhythmic drugs a. Classify antidysrhythmics by their
B. 14 Antidysrhythmic drugs a. Classify antidysrhythmics by their

... positive inotrope at low dose exacerbates arrhythmias in <10% (good) clinical use local anaesthetic use in Local Anaesthetics (2.B.11) antidysrhythmic use agent of choice in ventricular arrhythmias loading dose: 1.5 mg/kg followed by 3x0.7 mg/kg at 10 minute intervals infusion: 20-60 µg/kg/min infus ...
Blood Pressure Lab
Blood Pressure Lab

... 6. The sounds should continue and become louder in intensity. Note the reading when you hear the sound for the last time. This is the diastolic blood pressure. 7. Afterwards, open the air valve completely to release any remaining pressure. You and your partner should perform this operation twice. Me ...
Mechanical Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Review
Mechanical Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Review

... critical initial step to stabilize this patient for percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients who undergo immediate reperfusion of RV branches have decreased 30-day mortality and improved RV function.2 Right heart catheterization may also be important to prevent volume overload. In general, a cen ...
Pharmacological Agents
Pharmacological Agents

... • Risks of EPO use – Dangerous increase in blood viscosity – Blood clots, heart attack, heart failure, stroke – Pulmonary embolism, hypertension ...
Pharmacological Agents
Pharmacological Agents

... • Risks of EPO use – Dangerous increase in blood viscosity – Blood clots, heart attack, heart failure, stroke – Pulmonary embolism, hypertension ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... Pacemaker and conduction system of the heart  Contractions are stimulated by a built-in system that ...
Words
Words

... media publishing company, MedicineNet provides insight to how these right and left chambers work as a team. The right side of the heart begins its part when blood moves into the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava. These veins then empty the blood with a poor oxygen su ...
Heart Circulation Crossword
Heart Circulation Crossword

... blood upwards to the arteries leading to the head, neck and arms. 3. PULMONARYTRUNK—This vessel carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle before it branches into the pulmonary arteries. 5. LEFTVENTRICLE—This chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the upper and lower body. 6. L ...
L6-circulation
L6-circulation

... Pacemaker and conduction system of the heart  Contractions are stimulated by a built-in system that ...
Heart Conditions - Children`s Health Center
Heart Conditions - Children`s Health Center

... Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is actually four different heart conditions that occur concurrently, according to Cincinnati Children's Hospital. These four conditions are pulmonary stenosis, or the narrowing of the pulmonary valve and the area below the valve, causing blockage between the right ventricle ...
The heart i - Nozha Language Schools
The heart i - Nozha Language Schools

... 8- Red blood cells defend the body against microbes. 9- The pulmonary veins carry blood rich in carbon dioxide. ...
Circulatory System - physicsinfo.co.uk
Circulatory System - physicsinfo.co.uk

... • Carbon dioxide % up - diffuses out of blood • Water vapour % up - lost by the wet surface of the alveoli • Nitrogen % down only because of the increase in water vapour • (actual amount of nitrogen remain constant ...
ICD for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death ICD for
ICD for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death ICD for

... - the absence of HRT , useful predictor of all-cause mortality in post-MI patients, but less evidence for sudden death or arrhythmic events. ...
2016 A_fib
2016 A_fib

...  Cardioversion of AF is associated with increased risk of stroke in the absence of antithrombotic therapy ...
The heart - Sinoe Medical Association
The heart - Sinoe Medical Association

... E. The Atria - are reception chambers for blood returning to the heart from the body (right atrium) and the lungs (left atrium). The thin muscular walls of these chambers push the blood a short distance, i.e., to the lower chambers. The interior of the atrial walls shows woven ridges of cardiac musc ...
Regulation of heart beat
Regulation of heart beat

... neural control & hormones.  Central to the regulation of heart rate is the Cardiac Control Centre in the medulla- made up of 2 components. ...
Core G 1 4 7 8 9 11
Core G 1 4 7 8 9 11

< 1 ... 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 ... 603 >

Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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