• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
11_Skarvan_The aging heart: what can echocardiography tells us
11_Skarvan_The aging heart: what can echocardiography tells us

... concentric remodeling, increased LV intraventricular velocities may be found in systole by CW Doppler. The presence of mild tricuspid and pulmonic valve regurgitation allows the estimation of the systolic and diastolic pulmonary artery pressures that should be normal. The calculation of the stroke v ...
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy

... • amount of force produced during contraction at a given preload • factors that increase contractility are positive inotropic agents • those that reduce it-negative inotrophic agents • positive ionotropic factors typically stimulate Ca entry into cells • negative ionotropic factors function to block ...
1. Coronary angioplasty
1. Coronary angioplasty

... to populations free of prior coronary events. The most powerful factors are age, elevated blood pressure, LV hypertrophy, cigarette smoking, elevated serum cholesterol level, obesity, and non-specific electrocardiographic abnormalities. These coronary risk factors are not specific for SCD but rather ...
ch 20 The Heart
ch 20 The Heart

Pulmonary Hypertension and the Vevo
Pulmonary Hypertension and the Vevo

... mouse echocardiography2. While review articles on pulmonary hypertension outline the key measurements and subsequent calculations which have proved useful in the clinic3. Echocardiography is considered the first-line diagnostic test, from which subsequent imaging or interventions can be recommended. ...
Chapter 23 Circulation
Chapter 23 Circulation

... - increased plaque formation from tiny ruptures. - increased risk of blood clot formation.  Hypertension can contribute to - heart attacks. - strokes. - kidney failure. ...
Diseases of the Circulatory System
Diseases of the Circulatory System

...  Other forms (I20.8) Example: A patient is diagnosed with CAD and Angina with no previous history of a CABG. ICD-10-CM: Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with unspecified angina pectoris (I25.119). B) Chronic ischemic heart disease, unspecified. (I25.9 ) Symptoms for more than ...
Adrenergic Agents. Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Adrenergic Agents. Adrenergic Blocking Agents

... • Increased force of contraction (positive inotropic effect) • Increased heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) • Increased conduction through the AV node (positive dromotropic effect) ...
Blood Pressure Measurement Toolkit
Blood Pressure Measurement Toolkit

... ** Certain conditions for which specific drugs have been found, in clinical trials and outcome studies, to have the most benefit. These conditions include heart failure, post myocardial infarction, high coronary disease risk, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and history of prior stroke. From the Sev ...
File
File

... and has little effect on the sinus node, atria, or atrioventricular node but acts powerfully on His-Purkinje's and ventricular myocardial tissue. It can suppress the ventricular arrhythmias that complicate MI (VEBs, VT) and reduce the incidence of primary ventricular fibrillation (VF) when given pro ...
Heart Attacks - FirstLight Home Care
Heart Attacks - FirstLight Home Care

Cardiac Toxicity Related to Cancer Treatment
Cardiac Toxicity Related to Cancer Treatment

... atric patients. Daunorubicin, an agent prilived more than five years after treatment marily used in treating acute leukemia, has were 8.8 times more likely to die from carAnthracyclines, alkylating agents, 5-fluo- a cardiotoxic risk profile similar to doxorudiac-related events (Mertens et al., 2001) ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction

... 3-Myocardial rupture Complications of myocardial rupture include: ...
diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the road to
diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the road to

... glibenclamide at therapeutic doses is associated with significantly impaired cardioprotection and, thereby, contributes to this increase in mortality. Unlike glibenclamide, glimepiride does not block the mitochondrial KATP channels of the myocardium. This finding is especially important in older per ...
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Pharmacology

... vascular smooth muscle. • indicated in hypertension and low cardiac output states with increased SVR. • also used in post-operative cardiac surgery to decrease afterload on an injured heart. • immediate onset, short half life; titratable ...
patent_ductus_arteriosus
patent_ductus_arteriosus

...  When atrial fibrillation (rapid, irregular heart rhythm involving the top two chambers of the heart [atria]) has developed, add digoxin and diltiazem to the treatment protocol  To control severe, life-threatening congestive heart failure—can use medications to enlarge or dilate blood vessels (va ...
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Patent Ductus Arteriosus

... • When atrial fibrillation (rapid, irregular heart rhythm involving the top two chambers of the heart [atria]) has developed, add digoxin and diltiazem to the treatment protocol • To control severe, life-threatening congestive heart failure—can use medications to enlarge or dilate blood vessels (va ...
30-32 - aensi
30-32 - aensi

... The walls of the heart contain  A musculature of cnrdinc muscle for contraction to propel the blood.  A fibrous skeleton, which consists of four fibrous rings surrounding the valve orifices, two fibrous trigones connecting the rings, and the membranous part of the interventricular and interatrial ...
Advances in EP Cardiology - For Medical Professionals
Advances in EP Cardiology - For Medical Professionals

... www.theheart.org. ACC News. March 16, 2005. Mark DB. www.theheart.org. AHA News. November 11, 2004. ...
the circulatory system
the circulatory system

... d. None of the above ...
Heart Failure
Heart Failure

... • Recommended for all heart failure patients, whether they are symptomatic or not • Relieves symptoms and improves exercise tolerance • Reduces risk of death and decreases disease progression • Captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Enap), perindopril (Prestarium), ramipril (Tritace), trandolapril (Gopten) ...
CCRN/PCCN Review Course Cardiovascular: Oxygenation
CCRN/PCCN Review Course Cardiovascular: Oxygenation

... • Aspirin • Beta Blocker ...
Overview of the Cardiovascular System
Overview of the Cardiovascular System

... Arteries & disease Atherosclerosis - ‘hardening of the arteries’ A plaque composed of cholesterol, calcium and other substances builds up in an artery Plaques reduce blood flow; they can rupture & cause clots – heart attacks or strokes can result Risk factors: age; smoking; diabetes; obesity Treatme ...
Circ editorial
Circ editorial

... cohort.9 Age-related changes in proximal aortic stiffness have previously been associated with LV mass and concentricity independent of central blood pressure and conventional cardiovascular risk factors.10 Ohyama et al’s new data indicate that higher aortic arch PWV is ...
A Study of Comparative Blood Pressure Measures in
A Study of Comparative Blood Pressure Measures in

... intake examination with the exception of reported weight at age 25 and percent body fat which were determined at the second and third annual re-examinations, respectively. Clinical CHD occurred during follow-up in 257 subjects, including 51 who developed angina pectoris without apparent infarction, ...
< 1 ... 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 ... 603 >

Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report