Theories and models of behaviour and behaviour change
... most significant in determining behaviour (Janz and Becker 1984). The two established criticisms of this model are that its components and rules about their inter-relationships are not well defined, and (in common with other cognitive rational choice based models focused on the individual) that it d ...
... most significant in determining behaviour (Janz and Becker 1984). The two established criticisms of this model are that its components and rules about their inter-relationships are not well defined, and (in common with other cognitive rational choice based models focused on the individual) that it d ...
Ch 10 PP
... • Helping others to feel good is often not a conscious decision, but it can be. • Negative state relief model: proposes that people help to counter their own feelings of ...
... • Helping others to feel good is often not a conscious decision, but it can be. • Negative state relief model: proposes that people help to counter their own feelings of ...
dostupné zde
... EFLEXIVITY IS a central and yet confusing topic. In some social theories it is an essential human capacity, in others it is a system property and in still others it is a critical, or self-critical, act. Reflexivity, or being reflexive, is often claimed as a methodological virtue and source of superi ...
... EFLEXIVITY IS a central and yet confusing topic. In some social theories it is an essential human capacity, in others it is a system property and in still others it is a critical, or self-critical, act. Reflexivity, or being reflexive, is often claimed as a methodological virtue and source of superi ...
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and the Taxonomy of the Implicit Social Mind
... of social groups, negative evaluations, feelings, and autonomic responses. Muddying the terminological waters is the fact that implicit prejudices, or implicit evaluations, are also often referred to in psychology as “implicit attitudes.” When we use the term “implicit attitudes,” we refer to the ge ...
... of social groups, negative evaluations, feelings, and autonomic responses. Muddying the terminological waters is the fact that implicit prejudices, or implicit evaluations, are also often referred to in psychology as “implicit attitudes.” When we use the term “implicit attitudes,” we refer to the ge ...
Online Disclosure Natalya N. Bazarova
... a different set of strategic motivations and concerns than addressing a single person in a network or a closed dyadic exchange. Goals matter because they account for differences in self-disclosure characteristics. An empirical test of the functional approach has shown that, indeed, people pursue dif ...
... a different set of strategic motivations and concerns than addressing a single person in a network or a closed dyadic exchange. Goals matter because they account for differences in self-disclosure characteristics. An empirical test of the functional approach has shown that, indeed, people pursue dif ...
Document
... about the same time as or slightly earlier than the Jews. • These Scottish jokes were about the canny Scotsman who was covetous, argumentative, and obsessed with keeping the Sabbath. • But in fact these jokes were told by Scots about Scots. They are therefore selfmocking in tone. (Davies [2008]: 175 ...
... about the same time as or slightly earlier than the Jews. • These Scottish jokes were about the canny Scotsman who was covetous, argumentative, and obsessed with keeping the Sabbath. • But in fact these jokes were told by Scots about Scots. They are therefore selfmocking in tone. (Davies [2008]: 175 ...
BaccusImplicitSE - Wabash Personal Web Pages
... conditioning paradigm, originally developed by learning theorists to study animal responses to expectations of food or shock, was effective at modifying people’s unconscious responses to themselves. This finding fits well with theories that situate the roots of self-acceptance in the anticipation of ...
... conditioning paradigm, originally developed by learning theorists to study animal responses to expectations of food or shock, was effective at modifying people’s unconscious responses to themselves. This finding fits well with theories that situate the roots of self-acceptance in the anticipation of ...
March 14 - Academics
... Participants given description of lecturer before class ½ descriptions said lecturer was “ a rather cold” person ½ descriptions said lecturer was “a very warm” person ...
... Participants given description of lecturer before class ½ descriptions said lecturer was “ a rather cold” person ½ descriptions said lecturer was “a very warm” person ...
Intrinsic-Extrinsic Motivation Revisited: Exploring their Definitions
... behavioural science. In a research conducted by Laird (2007), it is found that corresponding emotions were reported following from respondents’ behaviours that had been manipulated by the experimenters. In a more recent research conducted by Guadagno et. al (2010) in studying recruitment of new memb ...
... behavioural science. In a research conducted by Laird (2007), it is found that corresponding emotions were reported following from respondents’ behaviours that had been manipulated by the experimenters. In a more recent research conducted by Guadagno et. al (2010) in studying recruitment of new memb ...
how does power corrupt? the way individual and
... human motives (McClelland, 1975; Winter, 1973). At the same time, support of social hierarchies and associated power and status inequalities has been linked to unethical behavior at the individual (Hing, Bobocel, Zanna, & McBride, 2007), organizational (Brief, Buttram, & Dukerich, 2001; Luo, 2004), ...
... human motives (McClelland, 1975; Winter, 1973). At the same time, support of social hierarchies and associated power and status inequalities has been linked to unethical behavior at the individual (Hing, Bobocel, Zanna, & McBride, 2007), organizational (Brief, Buttram, & Dukerich, 2001; Luo, 2004), ...
Ethnocentrism and the Value of a Human Life
... We investigated whether ethnocentric valuation depends on standard intergroup relations factors, like group membership, intergroup competition, and prejudice. Because many intergroup conflicts involve large numbers of people rather than single individuals, we also examined whether the number of live ...
... We investigated whether ethnocentric valuation depends on standard intergroup relations factors, like group membership, intergroup competition, and prejudice. Because many intergroup conflicts involve large numbers of people rather than single individuals, we also examined whether the number of live ...
Basic Concepts - Sociology Central
... : This type of relatively simple cross-cultural and historical comparison is a very useful technique for students at A-level. In many situations the application of these ideas to various forms of behaviour will generate a great deal of critical insight into social processes right across the syllabus ...
... : This type of relatively simple cross-cultural and historical comparison is a very useful technique for students at A-level. In many situations the application of these ideas to various forms of behaviour will generate a great deal of critical insight into social processes right across the syllabus ...
The Construction of Attitudes
... relatively stable memory structures, but assume that individuals sample from these structures when they answer attitude question. Hence, a stable attitude can result in variable attitude reports, depending on which aspect of the knowledge structure (attitude) is accessed. Others (e.g., Wilson, 1998) ...
... relatively stable memory structures, but assume that individuals sample from these structures when they answer attitude question. Hence, a stable attitude can result in variable attitude reports, depending on which aspect of the knowledge structure (attitude) is accessed. Others (e.g., Wilson, 1998) ...
Fifty Years after 'Becoming a Marihuana User.'
... It is worth noting here the comparison with Lindesmith‘s book Opiate Addiction (1947). Many readers, including Becker, have interpreted BMU and Opiate Addiction to contain the same theoretical and political ―content-fit‖ (Camic 1992). Indeed, academics drew many of the same inferences from both text ...
... It is worth noting here the comparison with Lindesmith‘s book Opiate Addiction (1947). Many readers, including Becker, have interpreted BMU and Opiate Addiction to contain the same theoretical and political ―content-fit‖ (Camic 1992). Indeed, academics drew many of the same inferences from both text ...
The Impact of Intergroup Emotions on Forgiveness in Northern
... tend to infuse an essence (biological, cultural, religious, etc.) into social groups in order to explain their differences. Thus, an ingroup perceived as superior may be endowed with ‘the’ human essence, while outgroups are seen as ‘infra-humans’ (Leyens et al., 2001). Leyens and colleagues (2001) h ...
... tend to infuse an essence (biological, cultural, religious, etc.) into social groups in order to explain their differences. Thus, an ingroup perceived as superior may be endowed with ‘the’ human essence, while outgroups are seen as ‘infra-humans’ (Leyens et al., 2001). Leyens and colleagues (2001) h ...
Chapter 13
... An illusory correlation is the tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated. Illusory correlations are most likely to occur when the events or people are distinctive or conspicuous; minority group members are so by definition. ...
... An illusory correlation is the tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated. Illusory correlations are most likely to occur when the events or people are distinctive or conspicuous; minority group members are so by definition. ...
strategic self-presentation can undermine expectancy confirmation.
... people are merely behaving in accordance with their personal ...
... people are merely behaving in accordance with their personal ...
groups and morality - Projects at Harvard
... Although social and personality psychologists examine individuals’ use of specific notions of right and wrong—based on such concepts as justice, trustworthiness, warmth, cooperation, and harm— they tend to avoid the question of whether individuals’ subjective notions of right and wrong are actually ...
... Although social and personality psychologists examine individuals’ use of specific notions of right and wrong—based on such concepts as justice, trustworthiness, warmth, cooperation, and harm— they tend to avoid the question of whether individuals’ subjective notions of right and wrong are actually ...
From Sch¨utz to Goffman: The Search for Social Order
... continually encounter unique and unknowable events in life as well. Schütz acknowledges such events, but his solution for the individual is a quasi-rational choice argument. He argues that when faced with such situations—when usual rules of thumb are not applicable—the individual will resort to a t ...
... continually encounter unique and unknowable events in life as well. Schütz acknowledges such events, but his solution for the individual is a quasi-rational choice argument. He argues that when faced with such situations—when usual rules of thumb are not applicable—the individual will resort to a t ...
Erving Goffman - Black Hawk Hancock
... emphasis should be shifted to the semiotic issue of framing and that “engrossment” (being absorbed in activity, whether real or make-believe) became for Goffman the only criterion for establishing the grounds on which social life can be interpreted (Clough, 1990, p. 197). What unites these observers ...
... emphasis should be shifted to the semiotic issue of framing and that “engrossment” (being absorbed in activity, whether real or make-believe) became for Goffman the only criterion for establishing the grounds on which social life can be interpreted (Clough, 1990, p. 197). What unites these observers ...
In Search of a Theoretical Structure for Understanding Motivation in
... else they may have little incentive or motivation to take on tasks. Understanding that people with schizophrenia must believe they will be successful if they are to become motivated is only a first step; we also need to consider if it is possible to change expectations of competency. The articles by ...
... else they may have little incentive or motivation to take on tasks. Understanding that people with schizophrenia must believe they will be successful if they are to become motivated is only a first step; we also need to consider if it is possible to change expectations of competency. The articles by ...
Kent Academic Repository
... of gang membership span almost a century and provide us with a vast literature. In this section, we review some of the most influential theoretical propositions of involvement in crime and consider their value in explaining gang membership. Theory of social disorganization While early interest in ga ...
... of gang membership span almost a century and provide us with a vast literature. In this section, we review some of the most influential theoretical propositions of involvement in crime and consider their value in explaining gang membership. Theory of social disorganization While early interest in ga ...
Chapter 10 - Bakersfield College
... there would be no reason to study the effect that other people have on the behavior of individuals and groups. But human beings are social creatures—we live with others, work with others, and play with others. The people who surround us all of our lives have an impact on our beliefs and values, deci ...
... there would be no reason to study the effect that other people have on the behavior of individuals and groups. But human beings are social creatures—we live with others, work with others, and play with others. The people who surround us all of our lives have an impact on our beliefs and values, deci ...
Berk DEV-CH 1 - California State University, Los Angeles
... the "founding fathers" and what strains of influence would be traced would vary depending on how the field of deviance was defined and the particular theoretical perspective from which the history was written. Specific genealogy and precise boundaries do not exist within a continually changing and e ...
... the "founding fathers" and what strains of influence would be traced would vary depending on how the field of deviance was defined and the particular theoretical perspective from which the history was written. Specific genealogy and precise boundaries do not exist within a continually changing and e ...
Self-categorization theory
Self-categorization theory is a social psychological theory that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms. Although the theory is often introduced as an explanation of psychological group formation (which was one of its early goals), it is more accurately thought of as general analysis of the functioning of categorization processes in social perception and interaction that speaks to issues of individual identity as much as group phenomena.The theory was developed by John Turner and colleagues, and along with social identity theory it is a constituent part of the social identity approach. It was in part developed to address questions that arose in response to social identity theory about the mechanistic underpinnings of social identification. For example, what makes people define themselves in terms of one group membership rather than another? Self-categorization theory has been influential in the academic field of social psychology and beyond. It was first applied to the topics of social influence, group cohesion, group polarization, and collective action. In subsequent years the theory, often as part of the social identity approach, has been applied to further topics such as leadership, personality, outgroup homogeneity, and power. One tenet of the theory is that the self should not be considered as a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather the self should be seen as a product of the cognitive system at work. Or in other words, the self is an outcome of cognitive processes rather than a ""thing"" at the heart of cognition.