eng221 tutorial kit - Covenant University
... beings do not arbitrary string together words to make sentences. In other words, there is order in the selection and putting together words no matter how free a language is. Sentences occur in a certain linear order governed by rules of a language. For example, the English sentence has the following ...
... beings do not arbitrary string together words to make sentences. In other words, there is order in the selection and putting together words no matter how free a language is. Sentences occur in a certain linear order governed by rules of a language. For example, the English sentence has the following ...
Pseudo-coordinative construction (jít)
... language this is combined with the aspectual characteristics of V2 to encode a progress of an event to its right boundary. 3. meanings like “surprise” and “unexpectedness” result from the same metaphorical extension applied to the schema in Figure 3. Here, the expected conceptual path corresponds to ...
... language this is combined with the aspectual characteristics of V2 to encode a progress of an event to its right boundary. 3. meanings like “surprise” and “unexpectedness” result from the same metaphorical extension applied to the schema in Figure 3. Here, the expected conceptual path corresponds to ...
Context and Binding in Japanese. By MASAYO IIDA. Stanford: CSLI
... to appear in simple sentences and show no ambiguity of zibun. Thus, the above sentence is an apparent counterexample to the syntactic approach that imposes subjecthood on the antecedent. The nonsubject binding cannot be explained by pragmatics such as logophoricity, either, since there is no predica ...
... to appear in simple sentences and show no ambiguity of zibun. Thus, the above sentence is an apparent counterexample to the syntactic approach that imposes subjecthood on the antecedent. The nonsubject binding cannot be explained by pragmatics such as logophoricity, either, since there is no predica ...
Here - MIT
... parsers for language, but also learn to appreciate their strengths and weaknesses. Most of these systems use as a front end some kind of statistical part of speech tagger – which you have learned about in the last lecture. But what about the next step past part of speech tagging? Why do we want to b ...
... parsers for language, but also learn to appreciate their strengths and weaknesses. Most of these systems use as a front end some kind of statistical part of speech tagger – which you have learned about in the last lecture. But what about the next step past part of speech tagging? Why do we want to b ...
Bare nominals, true and fake vocatives Romance
... Following Dobrovie-Sorin & Laca (2003), Dobrovie-Sorin et al. (2006), and Espinal & McNally (in press) I will assume that bare nominals in object position are NPs or NumPs depending on whether they are unmarked for Number (number neutral bare nominals) or not (bare singulars and bare plurals). Simil ...
... Following Dobrovie-Sorin & Laca (2003), Dobrovie-Sorin et al. (2006), and Espinal & McNally (in press) I will assume that bare nominals in object position are NPs or NumPs depending on whether they are unmarked for Number (number neutral bare nominals) or not (bare singulars and bare plurals). Simil ...
Chapter Four From Word to Text
... SVO, VSO, SOV, OVS, OSV, and VOS. English belongs to SVO type, though this does not mean that SVO is the only possible word order. ...
... SVO, VSO, SOV, OVS, OSV, and VOS. English belongs to SVO type, though this does not mean that SVO is the only possible word order. ...
The syntax of Quechua
... have also been published in journals specialized in syntax such as Linguistic Inquiry and Lingua. The non-configurational nature of Quechua syntax and the importance of person agreement in the language are topics that are of great importance within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1998) as they suppo ...
... have also been published in journals specialized in syntax such as Linguistic Inquiry and Lingua. The non-configurational nature of Quechua syntax and the importance of person agreement in the language are topics that are of great importance within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1998) as they suppo ...
camws review schedules
... review of translation conventions and relative time Pairs/small groups: in prepared reading, transform all direct speech to indirect statement (and vice versa). ...
... review of translation conventions and relative time Pairs/small groups: in prepared reading, transform all direct speech to indirect statement (and vice versa). ...
CONJUNCTIONS IN CLASSICAL GREEK SYNTAX
... nominal verb form which operated like a noun. In contrast, the participle is a nominal verb form that operates like an adjective. It is thus apparent that the adjective can qualify another verb in a noun form, but that a noun form verb cannot qualify an adjectival verb form. Furthermore, such exampl ...
... nominal verb form which operated like a noun. In contrast, the participle is a nominal verb form that operates like an adjective. It is thus apparent that the adjective can qualify another verb in a noun form, but that a noun form verb cannot qualify an adjectival verb form. Furthermore, such exampl ...
Zeros, theme vowels, and construction morphology
... and Native American languages, I will show that a typology of morphemes reveals that syntactic properties — either construction internal or external — are the only necessary part of a morpheme. Given that constructions can have phonological, syntactic, and semantic content, it is possible to imagine ...
... and Native American languages, I will show that a typology of morphemes reveals that syntactic properties — either construction internal or external — are the only necessary part of a morpheme. Given that constructions can have phonological, syntactic, and semantic content, it is possible to imagine ...
Context Free Grammar
... • Construction of phrases and sentences from morphemes and words. Usually the word syntax refers to the way words are arranged together. • Syntactic structure and rules that determine syntactic structure. • There are various different models for computationally modeling syntactic structure. Most of ...
... • Construction of phrases and sentences from morphemes and words. Usually the word syntax refers to the way words are arranged together. • Syntactic structure and rules that determine syntactic structure. • There are various different models for computationally modeling syntactic structure. Most of ...
S(A)
... • Phrases----the syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called phrases. The category of a phrase is determined by the word category around which the phrase is built. The most common phrasal categories are as NP(N), VP(V), AP(A), PP(P). • The structure: specifier + head + c ...
... • Phrases----the syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called phrases. The category of a phrase is determined by the word category around which the phrase is built. The most common phrasal categories are as NP(N), VP(V), AP(A), PP(P). • The structure: specifier + head + c ...
1 The syntax/morphology interface Heidi Harley, University of
... (Lapointe 1980), according to which words are built by distinct mechanisms, which are encapsulated from the mechanisms that create syntactic structure. In such theories, there are levels of representation and rules of grammatical structure dedicated to wordformation. Lexical insertion introduces the ...
... (Lapointe 1980), according to which words are built by distinct mechanisms, which are encapsulated from the mechanisms that create syntactic structure. In such theories, there are levels of representation and rules of grammatical structure dedicated to wordformation. Lexical insertion introduces the ...
The Encoding Grammar and Syntax
... property of a lexical unit. Nevertheless, when lexical units present themselves to syntax during the encoding procedure, they do not exhibit all their semantic features but only those that are syntactically relevant, i.e. their syntactic slots. Thus it is possible to establish large classes of verbs ...
... property of a lexical unit. Nevertheless, when lexical units present themselves to syntax during the encoding procedure, they do not exhibit all their semantic features but only those that are syntactically relevant, i.e. their syntactic slots. Thus it is possible to establish large classes of verbs ...
The temporality of language in interaction: projection and
... inner, experienced time. As such, at first sight it may not appear to be a phenomenon that interactional linguists should or could be interested in; 'inner' phenomena do not seem to be accessible for analysis based on behavioral recordings, which are the empirical basis of interactional linguistics. ...
... inner, experienced time. As such, at first sight it may not appear to be a phenomenon that interactional linguists should or could be interested in; 'inner' phenomena do not seem to be accessible for analysis based on behavioral recordings, which are the empirical basis of interactional linguistics. ...
REVIEWS Form and meaning in language, vol. 1: Papers on
... (2) a. He smeared the fender with mud. b. He smeared mud on the fender. This difference, first noted in ‘Types of lexical information’, is discussed again in ‘The case for case reopened’ and ‘Topics in lexical semantics’. It has also been extensively discussed by others, notably Anderson (1971, 1977 ...
... (2) a. He smeared the fender with mud. b. He smeared mud on the fender. This difference, first noted in ‘Types of lexical information’, is discussed again in ‘The case for case reopened’ and ‘Topics in lexical semantics’. It has also been extensively discussed by others, notably Anderson (1971, 1977 ...
Conversational Syntax Requirements
... grammatical features with terminal symbols (POSs) and phrases. The same system of features used for the POS in the lexicon can be inherited to the phrase level. For example, the NP inherits the feature ‘plurality’ from the head noun. The features of the concord elements (whether POS or Phrase) can b ...
... grammatical features with terminal symbols (POSs) and phrases. The same system of features used for the POS in the lexicon can be inherited to the phrase level. For example, the NP inherits the feature ‘plurality’ from the head noun. The features of the concord elements (whether POS or Phrase) can b ...
Title The Syntactic Buoyancy Principle and English reading Author
... A lighter constituent moves leftwards (towards the sentence initial position), while a heavier constituent moves rightwards (towards the sentence final position). At this point, two remarks are in order. First, it is necessary to make it explicit that word order in English is actually more f ...
... A lighter constituent moves leftwards (towards the sentence initial position), while a heavier constituent moves rightwards (towards the sentence final position). At this point, two remarks are in order. First, it is necessary to make it explicit that word order in English is actually more f ...
Reconstruction the Lexical Domain with a Single Generative
... affixation looks similar (although here, distinctions could be drawn between certain types of inflectional affixes, e.g., case and agreement, and other affixes) But there is evidence for two classes of morphemes, corresponding roughly to an inner and an outer layer, that correlate with productivity ...
... affixation looks similar (although here, distinctions could be drawn between certain types of inflectional affixes, e.g., case and agreement, and other affixes) But there is evidence for two classes of morphemes, corresponding roughly to an inner and an outer layer, that correlate with productivity ...
generalizing transduction grammars to model continuous valued
... We describe a generalization of stochastic transduction grammars to be able to model continuous values, the first models to natively handle continuous-valued musical events such as microtones while still gaining the advantages of STGs for describing complex structural, hierarchically compositional i ...
... We describe a generalization of stochastic transduction grammars to be able to model continuous values, the first models to natively handle continuous-valued musical events such as microtones while still gaining the advantages of STGs for describing complex structural, hierarchically compositional i ...
working backwards from modern language to proto
... 4. etc... In this way, recursion can emerge from our ability to handle predicate logic in social interactions. The ‘viewpoint chain’ of Langacker (2001) provides a very similar grounding of recursion, as may others of his ‘paths of mental access’, particularly causal chains. There are also other wa ...
... 4. etc... In this way, recursion can emerge from our ability to handle predicate logic in social interactions. The ‘viewpoint chain’ of Langacker (2001) provides a very similar grounding of recursion, as may others of his ‘paths of mental access’, particularly causal chains. There are also other wa ...
9th lecture A tree diagram (definition) : A tree diagram is a
... during processing of computer languages, such as programming languages. Constituency-based parse trees The constituency-based parse trees of constituency grammars (= phrase structure grammars) distinguish between terminal and non-terminal nodes. The interior nodes are labeled by non-terminal catego ...
... during processing of computer languages, such as programming languages. Constituency-based parse trees The constituency-based parse trees of constituency grammars (= phrase structure grammars) distinguish between terminal and non-terminal nodes. The interior nodes are labeled by non-terminal catego ...
Towards a rationalist theory of language acquisition
... First, the required fit between the evidence and the acquired linguistic concepts must be something like what we see in these models. This is established by the foundational work on the interpretation of the grammars in the hypothesis space.3 Second, when we reflect on the very general issues mentio ...
... First, the required fit between the evidence and the acquired linguistic concepts must be something like what we see in these models. This is established by the foundational work on the interpretation of the grammars in the hypothesis space.3 Second, when we reflect on the very general issues mentio ...
Morphology and a More `Morphological`
... The task of reporting on the full range of current views on either morphology or syntax, let alone both, is a completely daunting one, and could not possibly be accomplished in anything like a serious way within the scope of a single talk. Instead of attempting it, therefore, I will present some of ...
... The task of reporting on the full range of current views on either morphology or syntax, let alone both, is a completely daunting one, and could not possibly be accomplished in anything like a serious way within the scope of a single talk. Instead of attempting it, therefore, I will present some of ...