blood-borne pathogens
... - A person must be susceptible that pathogen - Entry site must be available to the pathogen WAYS PATHOGENS CAN ENTER BODY - Direct Contact o Touch body fluid of infected person - Indirect Contact o Touch object that touch body fluid of infected person (soiled dressing/work surface) - Airborne o Brea ...
... - A person must be susceptible that pathogen - Entry site must be available to the pathogen WAYS PATHOGENS CAN ENTER BODY - Direct Contact o Touch body fluid of infected person - Indirect Contact o Touch object that touch body fluid of infected person (soiled dressing/work surface) - Airborne o Brea ...
14 Paramyxoviruses
... Humans only natural host Natural infection confers lifelong immunity Virus is spread by asymptomatic individuals in high numbers Virus can be present in saliva of symptomatic persons Prevention and Treatment Prevention directed at immunization Usually given in same injection as measles and rubella ...
... Humans only natural host Natural infection confers lifelong immunity Virus is spread by asymptomatic individuals in high numbers Virus can be present in saliva of symptomatic persons Prevention and Treatment Prevention directed at immunization Usually given in same injection as measles and rubella ...
viruses 16 kb viruses
... Give example of viruses that infect eukaryotic cells. How are these viruses structurally organised and what effects do they have on infected cells? ...
... Give example of viruses that infect eukaryotic cells. How are these viruses structurally organised and what effects do they have on infected cells? ...
Infectious Diseases
... – Usually associated with eating raw fish – Cooking fish and other foods to high temperatures will kill the worms and their eggs to prevent infestation ...
... – Usually associated with eating raw fish – Cooking fish and other foods to high temperatures will kill the worms and their eggs to prevent infestation ...
RNA Viruses
... Hepatitis All different viruses—commonality is that they cause inflammation of the liver Hepatitis A The hepatitis A virus is a picornavirus; it is non-enveloped and contains ssRNA Transmission is eating or drinking food or water contaminated with infected feces. Shellfish which have not been su ...
... Hepatitis All different viruses—commonality is that they cause inflammation of the liver Hepatitis A The hepatitis A virus is a picornavirus; it is non-enveloped and contains ssRNA Transmission is eating or drinking food or water contaminated with infected feces. Shellfish which have not been su ...
HIV- ja muut leikkausten virologiset riskitekijät
... Valid immunisation against HBV – all three doses given – HBs-Ab + confirms the immunity – no need for hyperimmunoglobuline – an extra dose of hepatitis B vaccine if the last dose was given more than five years ago – if HBs-Ab <10 IU/ml and confirmed HBs-Ag positive source, hyperimmunoglobuline ...
... Valid immunisation against HBV – all three doses given – HBs-Ab + confirms the immunity – no need for hyperimmunoglobuline – an extra dose of hepatitis B vaccine if the last dose was given more than five years ago – if HBs-Ab <10 IU/ml and confirmed HBs-Ag positive source, hyperimmunoglobuline ...
Infectious Bronchitis Infectious bronchitis is an acute, rapidly
... poultry house and under the hover by 5-10F (3-5°C) may lower mortality . Attenuated vaccines used for immunization may produce mild respiratory signs. Live vaccines are initially given to chicks 114 days old by spray, drinking water, or eyedrop. Revaccination is common. Live or adjuvanted killed vac ...
... poultry house and under the hover by 5-10F (3-5°C) may lower mortality . Attenuated vaccines used for immunization may produce mild respiratory signs. Live vaccines are initially given to chicks 114 days old by spray, drinking water, or eyedrop. Revaccination is common. Live or adjuvanted killed vac ...
describe the basic function and structures of the immune system
... Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a contagious disease that comprises the immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is capable of becoming multi drug-resistant. HIV is a virus that affects T cells within the immune system. It attacks the RNA of the T ce ...
... Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a contagious disease that comprises the immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is capable of becoming multi drug-resistant. HIV is a virus that affects T cells within the immune system. It attacks the RNA of the T ce ...
Monoclonal Antibody to HIV-2 gp36 - Purified
... HIV2 infections at present, are predominantly found in west Africa where it is the dominant form of HIV. Both HIV1 and HIV2 have the same modes of transmission and are associated with similar opportunistic infections and AIDS. In persons infected with HIV2, immunodeficiency seems to develop more slo ...
... HIV2 infections at present, are predominantly found in west Africa where it is the dominant form of HIV. Both HIV1 and HIV2 have the same modes of transmission and are associated with similar opportunistic infections and AIDS. In persons infected with HIV2, immunodeficiency seems to develop more slo ...
PDF - Medical Journal of Australia
... during WWII.24 After the virus was identified in 1968, it was found that about 0.1% of most Western populations were chronically infected, but carrier rates of 10% or more were common in Asia and Africa.25 Moreover, these rates ...
... during WWII.24 After the virus was identified in 1968, it was found that about 0.1% of most Western populations were chronically infected, but carrier rates of 10% or more were common in Asia and Africa.25 Moreover, these rates ...
Hepatitis A Hepatitis A
... The eyes and skin may then become a yellow colour (jaundice), however this may be difficult to see in dark skinned people. The skin may also become itchy. The symptoms are generally more severe in adults than children. Many children will not show any sign of the infection or have a mild illness with ...
... The eyes and skin may then become a yellow colour (jaundice), however this may be difficult to see in dark skinned people. The skin may also become itchy. The symptoms are generally more severe in adults than children. Many children will not show any sign of the infection or have a mild illness with ...
Virus-Linked Cancers
... When viruses insert their DNA or RNA into the host cell, the host cell’s genes are mutated. These mutations can sometimes cause the cell to become cancerous. There are a variety of viruses known to be associated with particular cancers, including HPV, the Epstein Bar Virus, the Hepatitis B Virus, an ...
... When viruses insert their DNA or RNA into the host cell, the host cell’s genes are mutated. These mutations can sometimes cause the cell to become cancerous. There are a variety of viruses known to be associated with particular cancers, including HPV, the Epstein Bar Virus, the Hepatitis B Virus, an ...
Module 2 Lecture 1 Prions and Species Jumpimg, Pappaioanou
... 2. BSE has been linked to vCJD through epidemiologic, molecular, and animal studies. List three findings that have helped make this connection. ...
... 2. BSE has been linked to vCJD through epidemiologic, molecular, and animal studies. List three findings that have helped make this connection. ...
Encephalitis
... infection encephlitis. Metabolic. Toxic. Neoplastic disorder. HIV is an important cause of enceplalitis more commonly insidious in onset. ...
... infection encephlitis. Metabolic. Toxic. Neoplastic disorder. HIV is an important cause of enceplalitis more commonly insidious in onset. ...
3-3 Viruses
... own DNA into your cell where the instructions encoded on that strand of DNA tell your cell to stop functioning normally and divert all future energy to the production and assembly of new viruses. Once your cell is packed with these viral copies it splits open and spills millions of viruses out to in ...
... own DNA into your cell where the instructions encoded on that strand of DNA tell your cell to stop functioning normally and divert all future energy to the production and assembly of new viruses. Once your cell is packed with these viral copies it splits open and spills millions of viruses out to in ...
Emerging Techniques for Diagnosis of Lung Infection
... Current diagnostic tests lack sensitivity for the identification of the bacterial etiology of pneumonia. Over the past 20 years, there have been numerous attempts to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detection of bacterial pathogens in pneumonia, including, but not limited to, different sampli ...
... Current diagnostic tests lack sensitivity for the identification of the bacterial etiology of pneumonia. Over the past 20 years, there have been numerous attempts to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detection of bacterial pathogens in pneumonia, including, but not limited to, different sampli ...
Fifth Disease Fact Sheet
... One to four days later, a lace-like rash develops on the rest of the body. The rash may last 1-3 weeks or longer and may come and go especially following exposure to sunlight, heat or bathing In adults, the illness may include joint pain or arthritis and the typical rash may not appear Up to 2 ...
... One to four days later, a lace-like rash develops on the rest of the body. The rash may last 1-3 weeks or longer and may come and go especially following exposure to sunlight, heat or bathing In adults, the illness may include joint pain or arthritis and the typical rash may not appear Up to 2 ...
V3ch11b - SchultzMedic
... Infection often occurs in minor wounds and burns Rigidity of muscles occurs close to infection site Generalized symptoms include pain and stiffness in the jaw, muscle spasms, and respiratory arrest ...
... Infection often occurs in minor wounds and burns Rigidity of muscles occurs close to infection site Generalized symptoms include pain and stiffness in the jaw, muscle spasms, and respiratory arrest ...
Poster assignment list - Association of Medical Microbiology and
... Management of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis in a Family Health Team B. BURSTEIN Emergency Department Utilization of Respiratory Virus Testing for Febrile Young Infants Under Six Weeks of Age M. ALGHOUNAIM Clostridium difficile Infections (CDI) in Children: Are we overestimating rates just because of ...
... Management of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis in a Family Health Team B. BURSTEIN Emergency Department Utilization of Respiratory Virus Testing for Febrile Young Infants Under Six Weeks of Age M. ALGHOUNAIM Clostridium difficile Infections (CDI) in Children: Are we overestimating rates just because of ...
Document
... The Virus persists in an occult, or cryptic, from most of the time. There will be intermittent flare-ups of clinical disease , Infectious virus can be recovered during flare-ups . Latent virus infections typically persist for the entire life of the host ...
... The Virus persists in an occult, or cryptic, from most of the time. There will be intermittent flare-ups of clinical disease , Infectious virus can be recovered during flare-ups . Latent virus infections typically persist for the entire life of the host ...
Viruses
... Reproduction of viruses in a cell Reproduction (lytic) cycle – virus multiplies in a cell and spreads to other cells, horizontal transmision Virogeny (for bacteriophages lyzogeny) – integration to the genom (integrated NA is called provirus), replication with cellular genom, vertical transmision M ...
... Reproduction of viruses in a cell Reproduction (lytic) cycle – virus multiplies in a cell and spreads to other cells, horizontal transmision Virogeny (for bacteriophages lyzogeny) – integration to the genom (integrated NA is called provirus), replication with cellular genom, vertical transmision M ...
Dealing with Post-market Issues: PCV Case Study
... porcine-derived trypsin that is used to detach cells from flasks during cell culture ...
... porcine-derived trypsin that is used to detach cells from flasks during cell culture ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.